D’yachenko, A. P. 2002, Problemy briologii Urala, pp. 26–27: In A. D. Potemkin (ed.), Problemy Briologii na Rubezhe Vekov. Russian Academy of Sciences, V. L. Komarov Botanical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia. [On bryological problems in the Ural Mountains.].
Dacks, J. B. and W.F. Doolittle. 2001. Reconstructing/deconstructing the earliest eukaryotes: how comparative genomics can help. Cell. 107:419-425. [L]
Dacks, J. B., and W. F. Doolittle. 2002. Novel syntaxin gene sequences from Giardia, Trypanosoma and algae: implications for the ancient evolution of the eukaryotic endomembrane system: Journal Cell Science. 115: 1635–1642.
Dacks, J. B. and M.C. Field. 2004. Eukaryotic cell evolution from a comparative genomic perspective: the endomembrane system. In: Hirt, R. P. and D. S. Horner. Organelles, Genomes and Eukaryote Phylogeny, An Evolutionary Synthesis in the Age of Genomics. CRC Press. New York. pp. 309-334. [L]
Dacks, J. B., A. Marinets, W. Ford Doolittle, T. Cavalier-Smith, and J. M. Logsdon, Jr. 2002. Analyses of RNA polymerase II genes from free-living protists: phylogeny, long-branch attraction, and the eukaryotic big bang. Molecular Biology and Evolution. 19: 830-840.
Dacks, J.B., J.D. Silberman, A.G.B. Simpson, S. Moriya, T. Kudo, M. Ohkuma, and R.J. Redfield. 2001. Oxymonads are closely related to the excavate taxon Trimastix. Molecular Biology and Evolution. 18(6):1034-1044. [C]
Dacks, J. B., and A. G. B. Simpson. 2002, Meeting Report: XIVth Meeting of the International Society for Evolutionary Protistology, Vancouver, Canada, June 19–24, 2002. Protist. 153:337–342.
Daeschler, E. B. and N. Shubin. 1998. A fish with fingers? Nature. 391:133.
Daeschler, E. B., N. H. Shubin, and F. A. Jenkins, Jr. 2006. A Devonian tetrapod-like fish and the evolution of the tetrapod body plan. Nature. 440:757-763.
Daft, M. J. and B. O. Okusanya. 1973. Effect of Endogone mycorrhiza on plant growth. New Phytologist. 72: 1333-1339. [C]
Dahlgren, R. M. T. and F. Rassmussen. 1983. Monocotyledon evolution. Characters and phylolgenetic estimation. Evolutionary. Biology. 16: 255-395.
Dahlgren, R. M. T. and H. T. Clifford. 1982. The Monocotyledons – A Comparative Study. Academic Press, New York.
Dahlgren, R. M. T., H. T. Clifford, and P. F. Yeo. 1985. The Families of the Monocotyledons. Springer-Verlag, Berlin. [L]
Dahn, R. D., M. C. Davis, W. N. Pappano, and N. H. Shubin. 2007. Sonic hedgehog function in chondrichthyan fins and the evolution of appendage patterning. Nature. 445:311-314.
Dalevi, D. Hugenholtz P., Blackall L. L. 2001. A multiple-outgroup approach to resolving division-level phylogenetic relationships using 16S rDNA data. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Biology. [C]
Daly, M.J., et al. 2007. Protein oxidation implicated as the primary determinant of bacterial radioresistance. PLoS Biology 5(4): 0769-0779.
Daly, M., M. R. Brugler, P. Cartwright, A. G. Collins, M. N. Dawson, D. G. Fautin, S. C. France, C. S. McFadden, D. M. Opresko, E. Rodriguez, S. L. Romano, and J. L. Stake. 2007. The phylum Cnidaria: a review of phylogenetic patterns and diversity 300 years after Linnaeus. Zootaxa. 1668: 127-182.
Damián Loayza, M., N. H. Williams, and W M. Whitten. 2005. Phragmipedium kovachii: Molecular systematics of a new world orchid. Orchids. 74: 132-137.
Damschen, E. I., K. M. Rosenfeld, M. Wyer, D. Murphy-Medley, T. R. Wentworth, and N. M. Haddad. 2005. Visibility matters: increasing knowledge of women’s contributions to ecology. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment. 3(4): 212-219. [C]
Danielidis, D.B. and D.G. Mann. 2002. The systematics of Seminavis (Bacillariophyta): the lost identities of Amphora angusta, A. ventricosa and A. macilenta. European Journal of Phycology. 37: 429-448.
Danielidis, D.B. and D.G. Mann. 2003. New species and new combinations in the genus Seminavis Mann 1990 (Bacillariophyta). Diatom Research. 18: 21–39.
Darlu, P. and G. Lecointre. 2002. When does the incongruence length difference test fail? Molecular Biology and Evolution. 19: 432-437.
Darwin, C. 1842. The Structure and Distribution of Coral Reefs. Being the First Part of the Geology of the Voyage of the Beagle. Smith, Elder. London.
Darwin, C. 1844. Geological Observations on the Volcanic Islands Visited during the Voyage of H.M.S. “Beagle.” Smith, Elder. London.
Darwin, C. 1846. Geological Observations on South America. Smith, Elder. London.
Darwin, C. 1859. On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection. John Murray, London, pp. 490.
Darwin, C. 1862. The Various Contrivances by which Orchids are Fertilised by Insects. 2nd. ed. John Murray. London.
Darwin, C. 1871. The Descent of Man and Selection in Relation to Sex. John Murray. London.
Darwin, C. R. 1881. The Formation of Vegetable Mould, Through the Action of Worms, With Observations on their Habits. John Murray. London.
Datta, P. M., P. Manna, S. C. Ghosh, and D. P. Das. 2000. The first Jurassic turtle from India. Palaeontology. 43(1): 99-109.
Daubaras, D. and A. M. Chakrabarty. 1992. The environment, microbes and bioremediation: microbial activities modulated by the environment. Biodegradation. 3:125-135.
Daubin, V., M. Gouy, and G. Perrière. 2002. A phylogenomic approach to bacterial phylogeny: evidence of a core of genes sharing a common history. Genome Research 12 (7): 1080-1090. [C]
Daubin, V. M. Gouy, and G. Perrière. 2001. Bacterial molecular phylogeny using supertree approach. Genome Informatics. 12: 155-164. [C]
Dauga, Catherine. 2002. Evolution of the gyrB gene and the molecular phlogeny of Enterobacteriaceae: a model molecule for molecular systematic studies. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiolgy. 52: 531-547. [C,L]
Daugbjerg, N. and R.A. Andersen. 1997a. Phylogenetic analyses of the rbcL sequences from haptophytes and heterokont algae suggest their chloroplasts are unrelated. Molecular Biology and Evolution. 14: 1242-1251. [C]
Daugbjerg N. and R. A. Andersen. 1997b. A molecular phylogeny of the heterokont algae based on analyses of chloroplast-encoded rbcL sequence data. Journal of Phycology. 33: 1031-1041. [L]
Davidson, E. H., Peterson, K. J. & Cameron, R. A. 1995. Origin of bilaterian body plans: evolution of developmental regulatory mechanisms. Science. 270: 1319-1325. [L]
Davidov, Y., D. Huchon, S. F. Koval, and E. Jurkevitch. A new alpha-proteobacterial clade of Bdellovibrio– like predators: implications for the mitochondrial endosymbiotic theory. Environmental Microbiology. 8(12): 2179-2188. [C,L]
Davies, T. J., T. G. Barraclough, M. W. Chase, P. S. Soltis, D. E. Soltis, and V. Savolainen. 2004. Darwin’s abominable mystery: insights from a supertree of the angiosperms. Proceedings of The National Academy of Sciences 101: 1904-1909. [C]
Davies, W. 2007. Neanderthal demise. Archaeological Records. 135-144.
Davis, C. L. 1989. Uptake and incorporation of thymidine by bacterial isolates from an upwelling environment. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 55:1267-1272.
Davis, E. C. 2004, A molecular phylogeny of leafy liverworts (Jungermanniidae: Marchantiophyta): Monographs in Systematic Botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden. 98 61–86.
Davis, M. C., R. D. Dahn, and N. H. Shubin. 2007. An autopodial-like pattern of Hox expression in the fins of a basal actinopterygian fish. Nature. 447: 473 – 476.
Davis, M. C., N. Shubin, and E. B. Daeschler. 2001. Immature rhizodontids from the Devonian of North America. Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. 156(1): 171-187.
Davis, M. C., N. Shubin, and E. B. Daeschler. 2004. A new specimen of Sauripterus taylori (Sarcopterygii, Osteichthyes) from the Fammenian Catskill Formation of North America. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 24:26-40.Day, M. H. 1986. Guide to Fossil Man. Cassell. London..
Dayrat, B. 2003, Les botanistes et la flore de France trois siècles de découvertes. 690 pp: Scientifiques du Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, Paris.
Dayrat, B. 2003. The Roots of Phylogeny: How Did Haeckel Buid His Trees? Society of Systematic Biologists. 52 (4): 515- 527.
De Bary, A. 1879. Die Mycetozoen: Wiss. Zool. 10 88–175.
De Beer, G. R. 1937. The Development of the Vertebrate Skull. Oxford, pp.552.
De Beer, G. R. and J. A. Moy-Thomas. 1935. On the skull of holocephali. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, Series B. 224:287-312.
De Biase, A. E., R. W. Sanders, and K. G . Porter. 1990. Relative nutritional value of ciliate protozoa and algae as food For Daphnia. Microb. Ecol. 19: 199-210.
De Bodt, S., S. Maere, and Y. Van de Peer. 2005. Genome duplicatoin and the origin of angiosperms. Trends in Ecology and Evolution 20: 591-597. [C]
De Jonckheere, J. F., M. Baumgartner, F. R. Opperdoes, K. O. Stetter. 2009. Marinamoeba thermophila, a new marine heterolobosean amoeba growing at 50 °C. European Journal of Protistology. 45: 231-236. [C]
De Queiroz, K. 2005. Ernst Mayr and the modern concept of species. PNAS. 102: 6600-6607.
De Reviers, B., F. Rousseau, and S. G. A. Draisma. 2007. Classification of the Phaeophyceae from past to present and current challenges. In: Brodie, J. and J. Lewis., eds. Unravelling the algae, the past, present, and future of algal systematics. The Systematics Association Special Volume Series 75. CRC Press. New York. pp. 267-284.
De Vargas, C., S. Auduc, N. Henry, J. Decelle, F. Mahe, R. Logares, E. Lara, C. Berney, N. Le Bescot, I. Probert, M. Carmichael, J. Poulain, S. Romanc, S, Colin, J-M. Aurey, L. Bittner, S. Chaffron, M. Dunthorn, S. Engelen, O. Flegontova, L. Guidi, A. Horak, O. Jaillon, G. Lima-Mendez, J. Lukes, S. Malviya, R. Morard, M. Mulot, E. Scalco, R. Siano, F. Vincent, A. Zingone, C. Dimier, M. Picheral, S. Searson, S. Kandels-Lewis, Tara Oceans Coordinators, S.G. Acinas, P. Bork, C. Bowler, G. Gorsky, N. Grimsley, P. Hingamp, D. Iudicone, F. Not, H. Ogata, L. Stemmann, S. Sunagawa, J. Weissenbach, P. Wincker, and E. Karsenti. 2015. Eukaryotic plankton diversity in the sunlit ocean. Science. 348(6237): 1261605-1/11.
d’Errico, F., and M. F. S. Goni. 2003. Neandertal extinction and the millennial scale climatic variability of OIS 3. Quaternary Science Reviews 22: 769-788. [C]
De Vooys, C.G.N. Chapter 10 in Scope13: The Global Carbon Cycle (MS Swaminathan Research Foundation, 2010).
Dean, B. 1907. Notes on acanthodian sharks. American Journal of Anatomy. 7:209-222.
Dean, B. 1909. Studies on fossil fishes (sharks, chimaeroids and arthrodires). Memoires of the American Museum of Natural History. 9:209-287.
Dean, M. C. 1987. The dental development status of six East African juvenile fossil hominids. J Hum Evol. 16: 197–213.
Dean, M. C. 1995a. Developmental sequences and rates of growth in tooth length in hominoids. In: Radlanski, R. J. and H. Renz, eds. Proceedings of the 10th International Symposium on Dental Morphology. C & M Brienne. Berlin. pp. 308–313.
Dean, M. C. 1995b. The nature and periodicity of incremental lines in primate dentine and their relationship to periradicular bands in OH 16 (Homo habilis). In: Moggi-Cecchi J, ed. Structure, Function, and Evolution of Teeth; Ninth International Symposium on Dental Morphology. International Institute for the Study of Man. Florence. pp. 239–265.
Dean, M. C. 1998. Comparative observation on the spacing of short-period (von Ebner’s) lines in dentine. Arch Oral Biol. 43: 1009–1021.
Dean, M. C. 2000. Progress in understanding hominoid dental development. J Anat. 197: 77–101.
Dean, M. C. 2006. Tooth microstructure tracks the pace of human life-history evolution. Proc R Soc Lond B. 273: 2799–2808.
Dean, M. C. 2007. Growing up slowly 160 000 years ago. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 104: 6093–6094.
Dean, M. C. and B. A. Wood. 1981. Developing pongid dentition and its use for ageing individual crania in comparative cross-sectional growth studies. Fol Primatol. 36: 111–127.
Dean, M. C., A. D. Beynon, J. F. Thackeray, and G. A. Macho. 1993. Histological reconstruction of dental development and age at death of a juvenile Paranthropus robustus specimen, SK 63, from Swartkrans, South Africa. American Journal of Physical Anthropology. 91: 401–419.
Dean, M. C., M. G. Leakey, D. Reid, F. Schrenk, G. T. Schwartz, C. Stringer, and A. Walker. 2001. Growth processes in teeth distinguish modern humans from Homo erectus and earlier hominins. Nature. 414: 628–631.
Deane, J., D. R. A. Hill, S. J. Brett, and G. I. McFadden. 1998. Hanusia phi gen. et sp. nov. (Crytophyceae): characterization of Cryptomonas sp. Phi’. European Journal of Phycology. pp. 33:149-154.
Deaner, R. O., R. A. Barton, and C. P. van Schaik. 2003. Primate brains and life histories: Renewing the connection. In: Kappeler PM, Pereira ME, editors. Primate Life Histories and Socioecology. Cambridge University Press. Cambridge. pp. 233–265.
deBraga, M. and R. R. Reisz. 1995. A new diapsid reptile from the uppermost Carboniferous (Stephanian) of Kansas. Palaeontology. 38: 199-212.
Decelle, J., N. Suzuki, F. Mahe, C. de Vargas, and F. Not. 2012. Molecular phylogeny and morphological evolution of the Acantharia (Radiolaria). Protist. 163: 435-450.
Decelle, J., P. Martin, K. Paborstava, D. W. Pond, G. Tarling, F. Mahe, C. de Vargas, R. Lampitt, and F. Not. 2013. Diversity, ecology and biogeochemistry of cyst-forming Acantharia (Radiolaria) in the oceans. PLoS ONE. 8(1): e53598. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0053598
Decker, E. L, and R Reski. 2004, The moss bioreactor: Current Opinion in Plant Biology. 7 166–170.
Deckert, G., P.V. Warren, T. Gaasterland, W.G. Young, A.L. Lenox, D.E. Graham, R. Overbeek, M.A. Snead, M. Keller, M. Aujay, R. Huber, R.A. Feldman, J.M. Short, G.J. Olsen, and R.V. Swanson. 1998. The complete genome of the hyperthermophilic bacterium Aquifex aeolicus. Nature. 392(26): 353-358.
Decombeix, A. L., B. Meyer-Berhaud, N. Rowe, J. Galtier. Diversity of large woody lignophytes preceding the extinction of Archaeopteris: new data from the middle Tournaisian of Thuringia (Germany). Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology. 137 (1-2): 69-82. [C]
Dedysh, S., P. Ricke, W. Liesack. NifH and NifD phylogenies: an evolutionary basis for understanding nitrogen fixation capabilities of methanotropic bacteria. Microbiology. 150: 1301-1313. [C, L]
De Duve, C. 1995. The beginnings of life on earth. American Scientist. 83:428-437. [C,L]
Deeds, E. J., H. Hennessey, and E. I. Shakhnovich. 2005. Prokaryotic phylogenies inferred from protein structural domains. Genome Research 15: 393-402. [C]
Degan, S. 2003. A paleontological perspective of vertebrate origin. Chinese Science Bulletin. 48(8):725-735. [C]
DeGiorgio, M., M. Jakobsson, and N. A. Rosenberg. 2009. Explaining worldwide patterns of human genetic variation using a coalescent-based serial founder model of migration outward from Africa. PNAS. 106(38): 16057-16062.
Degtyareva, S. I. 2002, K izucheniyu mokhovogo komponenta lesostepnykh dubrav, pp. 23–25: In A. D. Potemkin (ed.), Problemy Briologii na Rubezhe Vekov. Russian Academy of Sciences, V. L. Komarov Botanical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia. [On mosses of an oak steppe-forest.].
Dehal, P., J.L. Boore. 2005. Two Rounds of Whole Genome Duplication in the Ancestral Vertebrate. PLoS Biology. 3(10): 1700-1708.
Dehal, P., Y. Satou, R.K. Campbell, J. Chapman, B. Degnan, A. De Tomaso, B. Davidson, A. Di Gregorio, M. Gelpke, D.M. Goodstein, N. Harafuji, K.E.M. Hastings, I. Ho, K. Hotta, W. Huang, T. Kawashima, P. Lemaire, D. Martinez, I.A. Meinertzhagen, S. Necula, M. Nonaka, N. Putnam, S. Rash, H. Saiga, M. Satake, A. Terry, L. Yamada, H. Wang, S. Awazu, K. Azumi, J. Boore, M. Branno, S. Chin-bow, R. DeSantis, S. Doyle, P. Francino, D.N. Keys, S. Haga, H. Hayashi, K. Hino, K.S. Imai, K. Inaba, S. Kano, K. Kobayashi, M. Kobayashi, B. Lee, K.W. Makabe, C. Manohar, G. Matassi, M. Medina, Y. Mochizuki, S. Mount, T. Morishita, S. Miura, A. Nakayama, S. Nishizaka, H. Nomoto, F. Ohta, K. Oishi, I. Rigoutsos, M. Sano, A. Sasaki, Y. Sasakura, E. Shoguchi, T. Shin-i, A. Spagnuolo, D. Stainier, M.M. Suzuki, O. Tassy, N. Takatori, M. Tokuoka, K. Yagi, F. Yoshizaki, S. Wada, C. Zhang, P.D. Hyatt, F. Larimer, C. Detter, N. Doggett T. Glavina, T. Hawkins, P. Richardson, S. Lucas, Y. Kohara, M. Levine, N. Satoh, and D.S. Rokhsar. 2002. The draft genome of Ciona intestinalis: Insights into chordate and vertebrate origins. Science. 298:2157-2167. [C,L]
Dekaban, A. S. and D. Sadowsky. 1978. Changes in brain weights during the span of human life: Relation of brain weights to body heights and body weights. Ann Neurol. 4: 345–356.
De Langhe, E. and P. de Maret. 1996. Tracking the banana: significance to early agriculture.
Delarbre, C., V. Barriel, S. Tillier, P. Janvier, and G. Gachelin. 1997. The main features of the craniate mitochondrial DNA between the ND1 and the COI genes were established in the common ancestor to the lancelet. Mol. Biol. Evol. 14: 807–813.
Delarbre, C., C. Gallut, V. Barriel, P. Janvier, and G. Gachelin. 2002. Complete mitochondrial DNA of the hagfish, Eptatretus burgeri: the comparative analysis of mitochondrial DNA sequences strongly supports the cyclostome monophyly. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 22: 184–192. [C]
Delarbre, C., H. Escriva, C. Gallut, V. Barriel, P. Kourilsky, V. Laudet, and G. Gachelin. 2000. The complete nucleotide sequence of the mitochondrial DNA of the agnathan Lampetra fluviatilis: Bearings on the phylogeny of cyclostomes. Mol. Biol. Evol. 17: 519–529.
Delarbre, C., A.-S. Rasmussen, U. Arnason, and G. Gachelin. 2001. The complete mitochondrial genome of the hagfish Myxine glutinosa: Unique features of the control region. Journal of Molecular Evolution. 53: 634-641. [C]
Delarbre, C., N. Spruyt, C. Delmarre, C. Gallut, V. Barriel, P. Janvier, V. Laudet, and G. Gachelin. 1998. The complete nucleotide sequence of the mitochondrial DNA of the dogfish, Scyliorhinus canicula. Genetics.150: 331–344.
Delgadillo, M, C , and J. L Villaseñor. 2004, A cladistic analysis of Aloinella Card. (Musci: Pottiaceae): Taxon. 53 713–718.
Delgado, M. 1999. A new “diablillo parasite” in the toxic dinoflagellate Alexandrium catenella as a possibility to control harmful algal blooms. Harmful Algae News. 19:1–3.
del Giogio, P.A., J.M. Gasol, D.Vaqué, P. Mura, S. Agustí, and C.M. Duarte. 1996. Bacterioplankton community structure: Protists control net production and the proportion of active bacteria in a coastal marine community. Limnol. Oceanogr. 41:1169-1179. [L]
Dellaglio, F., G.E. Felis, and J.-E. Germond. 2004. Should species names reflect the evolution of bacterial names? International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology. 54:279-281. [C]
DeLong, E. F. 1992. Archaea in coastal marine environments. Proceedings of The National Academy of Sciences. U.S.A. 89: 5685-5689. [L]
DeLong E. F. and N. R. Pace. 2001. Environmental diversity of Bacteria and Archaea. Systematic Biology. 50: 470-478.
DeLong, E. F., G. S. Wickham, and N. R. Pace. 1989. Phylogenetic stains: ribosomal RNA-based probes for the identification of single cells. Science 243:1360-1363. [L]
Delsuc, F., H. Brinkmann, D. Chourrout, and H. Philippe. 2006. Tunicates and not cephalochordates are the closest living relatives of vertebrates. Nature. 439: 965-968. [C,L]
Delsuc, F., H. Brinkmann, and H. Philippe. 2005. Phylogenomics and the reconstruction of the tree of life. Nature Reviews: Genetics. 6:361-375. [C]
Delsuc, F., M. Scally, O. Madsen, M. Stanhope, W. de Jong, F. Catzeflis, M. Springer, and E. Douzery. 2002. Molecular phylogeny of living Xenarthrans and the impact of character and taxon sampling on the placental tree rooting. Mol. Biol. Evol. 19(10): 1646-1671.
Delsuc, F., M. J. Stanhope, and E. J. P. Douzery. 2003. Molecular Systematics of Armadillos (Xenathra, Dasypodidae): Contribution of Maximum Liklihook and Bayesian Analyses of Mitochondrial and Nuclear Genes. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 28(2): 261-275.
Delsuc, F., G. Tsagkogeorga, N. Lartillot, and H. Philippe. 2008. Additional molecular support for the new chordate phylogeny. Genesis. 46(11): 592-604. [C]
DeLuna, E, and G Gomez. 2004, [Abstract] Morphometric distinction and geographic variation of Braunia secunda and Braunia andrieuxii in US, Mexico and Guatemala. Botany 2004: Abstracts, Scientific Meeting, p. 35: Botanical Society of America, Snowbird, UT.
DeLuna, E, D González, H Tsubota, I Sastre de Jesús, and D Garcia-Avila. 2004, [Abstract] Higher level relationships among families of pleurocarp mosses based on rbcL sequences, p. 15: In A. E. Newton, R. Tangney & E. DeLuna (orgs.), Pleurocarpous Mosses: Systematics and Evolution. National Museums & Galleries of Wales, Cardiff, Wales.
Delwiche, C.F. 1999. Tracing the thread of plastid diversity through the tapestry of life. American Naturalist. 154: S164-S177. [C, L]
Delwiche, C. F., R. A. Anderson, D. Bhattacharya, B. Mishler, and R. M. McCourt. 2004. Algal evolution and the early radiation of green plants. In: Cracraft, J. and M. J. Donoghue, eds. Assembling the Tree of Life. Oxford University Press. New York. pp. 121-137.
Delwiche, C.F., K.G. Karol, M.T. Cimino, and K.J. Sytsma. 2002. Phylogeny of the genus Coleochaete (Coleochaetales, Charophyta) and related taxa inferred by analysis of the chloroplast gene rbcL. Journal of Phycology. 38:394-403. [C,L]
Delwiche, C. F., M. Kuhsel, and J. D. Palmer. 1995. Phylogenetic analysis to tufA sequences indicates a cyanobacterial origin of all plastids. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 4:110-128.
Demesure, B., Sodzi, N., and R. J. Petit. 1995. A set of universal primers for amplification of polymorphic noncoding regions of mitochondrial and chloroplast DNA in plants. Molecular Ecology. 4:129-131.
Demetrius, L. 2000. Directionality theory and the evolution of body size. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences. 267:2385-2391. [C]
De Mulder, K., G. Kuales, D. Pfister, M. Willems, B. Egger, W. Salvenmoser, M. Thaler, A-K. Gorny, M. Hrouda, G. Borgonie, and P. Ladurner. 2009. Characterization of the stem cell system of the acoel Isodiametra pulchra. BMC Developmental Biology. 9: 69-86. [C]
Dengler, J., I. Koska, T. Timmermann, C. Berg, U. Clausnitzer, M. Isermann, C. Linke, J. Päzolt, T. Polte, and A. Spangenberg. 2004, New descriptions and typifications of syntaxa within the project “Plant communities of Mecklenburg-Vorommern and their vulnerability”–Part II: Feddes Repertorium. 115 343–392.
Denholm, A. M and J.R. Ling 1989. In vitro metabolism of 2,2’-diaminopimelic acid from Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial cells by ruminal protozoa and bacteria. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 55: 212-218.
Denison, R. H. 1951. Evolution and Classification of the Osteostraci. Fieldiana, Geol. 11: 155–196.
Denison, R. H. 1952. Early Devonian fishes from Utah. Part 1. Osteostraci. Fieldiana, Geol. 11: 163–287.
Denison, R. H. 1953. Early Devonian fishes from Utah. Part 2. Heterostraci. Fieldiana, Geol. 11: 289–335.
Denison, R. H. 1963. New Silurian Heterostraci from Southeastern Yukon. Fieldiana, Geol. 14: 105–141.
Denison, R. H. 1964. The Cyathaspididae a family of Silurian and Devonian jawless vertebrates. Fieldiana, Geol. 13: 307–473.
Denison, R. 1978. Placodermi. In: Schultze, H.-P. and O. Kuhn, eds. Handbook of Paleoichthyology. Vol 2. Gustav Fisher Verlag, Stuttgart, pp. 128.
Denison, R. 1979. Acanthodii. In: Schultze, H.-P. and O. Kuhn, eds. Handbook of Paleoichthyology. Vol 5. Gustav Fisher Verlag, Stuttgart, pp. 62.
Denn, E. E., M.J. Chretiennot-Dinet, and I . Probert. 2000. First Report of Parasitism on the Toxic Dinoflagellate Alexandrium minutum Halim. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science. 50: 109-113. [C]
Dennett, M. R., D. A. Caron, A. F. Michaels, S. M. Gallager, and C. S. Davis. 2002. Video plankton recorder reveals high abundances of colonial Radiolaria in surface waters of the central North Pacific. Journal of Plankton Research. 24(8): 797-805.
Densmore, L. D. and R. D. Owen. 1989. Molecular sytematics of the order Crocodylia. American Zoology. 29: 831-841.
Depew, M. J., T. Lufkin, and J. L. R. Rubenstein. 2002. Specification of jaw subdivisions by Dlx genes. Science. 298:381-385.
De Pinna, M. G. G. 1991. Concepts and tests of homology in the cladistic paradigm. Cladistics. 7:367-394.
de Queiroz, A. 1993. For consensus (sometimes). Systematic Biology. 42: 368-372.
de Queiroz, K., and J. Gauthier. 1990. Phylogeny as a central principle in taxonomy: phylogenetic definitions of taxon names. Systematic Zoology 39:307–322.
de Queiroz, K., and J. Gauthier. 1992. Phylogenetic taxonomy. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics. 23:449–480.
Derelle, R., P. Lopez-Garcia, H. Timpano, and D. Moreira. 2016. A phylogenomic framework to study the diversity and evolution of stramenopiles (=heterokonts). Molecular Biology and Evolution. 33(11): 2890-2898.
Deretic, V., R. Dikshit, W. M. Konyencsni, A. M. Chakrabarty, and T. K. Misra. 1989. The algR gene, which regulates mucoidy in Pseudomonas aeruginosa, belongs to a class of environmentally responsive genes. J. Bacteriol. 171:1278-1283. [L]
De Reviers, B. and F. Rousseau. 1999. Towards a new classification of the brown algae. In: Round, F.E. and D.J. Chapman, eds. Progress in Phycological Research. Vol 13. pp. 109-175. [C]
deRosa R. 2001. Molecular data indicate the protostome affinity of brachiopods. Systematic Biology 50:848-859.
deRosa R., J. K. Grenier, T. Andreeva, C. E. Cook, A. Adoutte, M. Akam, S. B. Carroll, and G. Balavoine. 1999. Hox genes in brachiopods and priapulids and protostome evolution. Nature 399:772-776. [L]
DeRousseau, C. J. 1994. Primate gerontology: An emerging discipline. In: Crews, D. E. and R. M. Garruto, eds. Biological Anthropology and Aging: Perspectives on Human Variation over the Life span. Oxford University Press. Oxford. pp. 127–153.
d’Errico, F. and C. B. Stringer. 2011. Evolution, revolution or saltation scenario for the emergence of modern cultures? Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B. 366: 1060-1069.
Deschamps, P., I. Haferkamp, C. d’Hulst, H.E. Neuhaus, and S.G. Ball. 2008. The relocation of starch metabolism to chloroplasts: when, why and how. Trends in Plant Science 13(11): 574-582.
Deschamps, P., H. Moreau, A.Z. Worden, D. Dauvillee, and S.G Ball. 2008. Early gene duplication within chloroplastida and its correspondence with relocation of starch metabolism to chloroplasts. Genetics 178(4): 2373-2387.
Desikachary, T.V. 1959. Cyanophyta. Indian Council Agr. Res. New Delhi. [L]
Desjardins, P. and R. Morais. 1990. Sequence and gene organization of the chicken mitochondrial genome. A novel gene order in higher vertebrates. J. Mol. Biol. 212: 599–634.
Des Marais, D. J. 1999. Astrobiology: exploring the origins, evolution, and distribution of life in the universe. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 30:397-420.
Des Marais, D. L., A. R. Smith, D. M. Britton, and K. M. Pryer. 2003. Phylogenetic relationships and evolution of extant horsetails, Equisetum, based on chloroplast DNA sequence data (rbcL and trnL-F). International Journal of Plant Sciences. 164(5): 737-751. [C]
De Smet, H. 2002. A new record of Limnognathia maerski Kristensen & Funch, 2000 (Micrognathozoa) from the subantarctic Crozet Islands, with redescription of the trophy. Journal of Zoology. 258: 381-393.
Desportes, I., and N. N. Nashed. 1983. Ultrastructure of sporulation in Minchinia dentali (Arvy), an haplosporean parasite of Dentalium entale (Scaphopoda, Mollusca); taxonomic implications. Protistology. 19:435–460.
Devereux, R. and G. W. Mundfrom. 1994. A phylogenetic tree of 16S rRNA sequences from sulfate-reducing bacteria in a sandy marine sediment. Appl. Environ, Microbiol. 60:3437-3439.
Dewel, R. A. 2000. Colonial origin for Eumetazoa: major morphological transitions and the origin of bilaterian complexity. Journal of Morphology. 243:35-74.
Dewel, R.A., M.U. Connell, and W.C. Dewel. 2003. Bridging morphological transitions to the Metazoa. Integrative and Comparative Biology. 43(1):28-46. [C]
Dewel, R. A. and W. C. Dewel. 1998. The place of tardigrades in arthropod evolution. In: R.A. Fortey and R.H. Thomas, eds. Arthropod Relationships. The Systematics Association and Chapman and Hall, London. pp. 109-123.
Dewel, R. A., and J. Smith III, organizers. 2003. New perspectives on the origin of metazoan complexity: Integrative Comp. Biol. 43: 1–126.
Dewey, C. N. and L. Pachter. 2006. Evolution at the nucleotide level: the problem of multiple whole-genome alignment. Human Molecular Genetics. 15(1): R51-R56.
Deynat, P.P. 2005. New data on the systematics and interrelationships of sawfishes (Elasmobranchii, Batoidea, Pristiformes). Journal of Fish Biology. 66:1447-1458. [C]
Dhanda, R. 2004. The apparatus architecture of the prioniodinid conodont Erismodus quadridactylus and its implications. Palaeontology Newsletter. 57: 117–118.
Diaz-Ravina, M., A. Frostegard, and E. Baath. 1994. Thymidine, leucine, and acetate incorporation into soil bacterial assemblages at different temperatures. FEMS Microb. Ecol. 14:221-232.
Dibble, A. C., J. W Hinds, N. G. Miller, and A. M. Fryday. 2004, [Abstract] Alpine bryophytes and lichens of Mt. Katahdin, Maine. Botany 2004: Abstracts, Scientific Meeting, pp. 41–42: Botanical Society of America, Snowbird, UT.
Dick, M. W. 1990. Oomycota. In: Margulis, L., J. O. Corliss, M. Melkonian, and D. J. Chapman, eds. 1990. Handbook of the Protoctista; the Structure, Cultivation, Habits and Life Histories of the Eukaryotic Microorganisms and Their Descendants Exclusive of Animals, Plants and Fungi. Jones and Bartlett Publishers. Boston . pp. 661-685. [L]
Dick, M. W. 2001. Straminipilous Fungi: Systematics of the Peronosporomycetes including accounts of the Straminipilous Protists, the Plasmodiophorids and Similar Organisms. Kluwer Academic Publishers. Dordrecht, The Netherlands.
Dickinson, T.A., E. Lo, and N. Talent. 2007. Polyploidy, reproductive biology, and Rosaceae: understanding evolution and making classifications. Pl. Syst. Evol. 266: 59-78.
Dieguez, C., J. P. Rodriquez-Lopez, N. Melendez. 2007. Marchantiopsid colonization mats from the Upper Aptian-Lower Albian of the Eschucha Formation (Oliete sub-basin, Iberian ranges, easter Spain). Comptes Redus Palevol. 6: 413-422. [C]
Diekwisch, T. G. H., B. J. Berman, X. Anderton, B. Gurinsky, A. J. Ortega, P. G. Satchall, M. Williams, C. Arumugham, X.-G. Luan, J. E. McIntosh, A. Yamane, D. S. Carlson, J.-Y. Sire, and C. F. Shuler. 2002. Membranes, minerals, and proteins of developing vertebrate enamel. Microscopy Research and Technology. 59: 373-395.
Dienske, H. 1986. A comparative approach to the question of why human infants develop so slowly. In: Else JG, Lee PC, editors. Primate Ontogeny, Cognition and Social Behaviour. Cambridge University Press. New York. pp. 147–154.
Diesing, K. M. 1861. Revision der Nematoden. K. K. Hof- und Staatsdruckerei. Vienna.
Di Lullo, G. A., S. M. Sweeney, J. Korkko, L. Ala-Kokko, and J. D. San Antonio. 2002. Mapping the ligand-binding sites and disease-associated mutations on the most abundant protein in the human, type I collagen. The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 277(6): 4223-4231. [C]
Dilcher, D. L., G. Sun, Q. Ji, and H. Li. 2007. An early infructescence Hyrcantha decusssata (comb. nov.) from the Yixian Formation in northeastern China. PNAS. 104(22): 9370-9374.
Dimier, C., S. Giovanni, T. Ferdinando, and C. Brunet. 2009. Comparative ecophysiology of the Xanthophyll cycle in six marine phytoplankton species. Protist. 160: 397-411. [C]
Dineley, D. L. 1955. Some Devonian fish remains from North Central Vestspitsbergen. Geol. Mag. 92: 255–260.
Dineley, D. L. 1976. New species of Ctenaspis (Ostracodermi) from the Devonian of Arctic Canada. In: C. S. Churcher, ed. Essays in Palaeontology in Honor of Loris Shano Russell. Royal Ont. Mus. pp. 73-89.
Dineley, D. L. and E. J. Loeffler. 1976. Ostracoderm faunas of the Delorme and associated Siluro-Devonian formations, North West Territories, Canada. Palaeontol. Spec. Papers. Vol 18. 214 pp.
Dingerkus, G. 1979. Chordate cytogenetic studies: an analysis of their phylogenetic implications with particular reference to fishes and the living coelacanth. Cal. Acad. Sci. Occ. Pap. 134: 111–127.Diesing, 1861
Dittmer, H. J. 1964. Phylogeny and Form in the Plant Kingdom. Van Norstrand Company, Inc. New York.
Dive, D. 1973. La nutrition holozoique des protozoaires cilies. Ses consequences dans l’epuration naturelle et artificielle. L’Annee Biologique XII:343-380.
Dixit, S. S., J. P. Smol, D. F. Charles, R. M. Hughes, S. G. Paulsen, and G. B. Collins. 1999. Assessing water quality changes in the lakes of the northeastern United States using sediment diatoms. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences. 56: 131-152.
Dixon, J., R. Williams, and S. Turner. 1972. Stratigraphical setting of the Silurian thelodonts from Prince of Wales Island, Northwest Territories. In: Lethaia. 5: 281-282. [C].
Dixon, P. S. 1973. Biology of the Rhodophyta. In: Heywood, V.H., ed. University Reviews in Botany. Volume 4. Oliver and Boyd. Edinburgh. [L]
Dodge, J. D. 1969. Observations on the fine structure of the eyespot and associated organelles in dinoflagellate Glenodinium foliceum. Journal of Cell Science. 5:479-493.
Dodge, J. D. 1971. A dinoflagellate with both mesokaryotic and a eukaryotic nucleus. I. Fine structure of the nuclei. Protoplasma. 73:145-157.
Dodge, J.D. 1973. The fine structure of algal cells. Academic Press. New York. [C,L]
Dodge, J. D. 1989. Phylogeny of dinoflagellates and their plastids. In: Green, J.C., B.S.C. Leadbeater, and W.L. Diver, eds. The chromophyte algae: problems and perspectives. Systematics Association Special Volume No. 38. Clarendon Press. Oxford . pp. 207-227. [L]
Dodge, J. D. and J. J. Lee. 2000. Phylum Dinoflagellata. In Lee, J.J., Leedale, G. F. & Bradbury, P., eds. An Illustrated Guide to the Protozoa, Second Edition, vol. 1. Society of Protozoologists, Lawrence, Kansas. pp. 656-689.
Doering, M. and M. D. Piercey-Normore. 2009. Genetically divergent algae shape an epiphytic lichen community on Jack Pine in Manitoba. The Lichenologist 41(1): 69-80. [C]
Doggett, M. S. and D. Porter. 1995. Further evidence for host-specificity variants in Zygorhizidium planktonicum. Mycologia. 87:161–171.
Doherty, P. J. 2001. The lophophorates – Phoronida, Brachiopoda, and Ectoprocta. In: Anderson, D.T., ed. Invertebrate zoology. Oxford University Press. Oxford, UK. pp. 350-373.
Dohrmann, M., C. Kelley, M. Kelley, A. Pisera, J.N.A. Hooper, and H.M. Reiswig. 2017. An integrative systematic framework helps to reconstruct skeletal evolution of glass sponges (Porifera, Hexactinellida). Frontiers in Zoology. 14:18.
Dolan, J. R. 1991. Guilds of Ciliate Microzooplankton in the Chesapeake Bay. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf. Science. 33:137-152. [L]
Dolan, J. R. and K. Simek. 1997. Processing of ingested matter in Strombidium sulcatum, a mrine ciliate (Oligotrichida). Limnol. Oceanogr. 42:393-397. [L]
Dolan, M. F., H. Melnitsky, L. Margulis, and R. Kolnicki. 2002. Motility proteins and the origin of the nucleus: Anat. Rec. 268 290–301.
Dolukhanov, P. M. 2008. The initial expansion of anatomically modern humans in northern Eurasia: new evidence and new hypotheses. Journal of Suberian Federal University, Humanities and Social Sciences. 2: 273-283. [C]
Dolven, J.K., C. Lindqvist, V.A. Albert, K.R. Bjørklund, T. Yuasa, O. Takahashi, and S. Mayama. 2007. Molecular diversity of Alveolates Associated with Neritic Norht Atlantic Radiolarians. Protist. 158: 65-76. [C,L]
Domazet – Loso, T. and Diethard, T. 2010. Phylostratigraphic tracking of cancer genes suggests a link to the emergence of multicellularity in metazoa. BMC Biology. 8:66
Dombrovska, O, and Y.-L Qiu. 2004. Distribution of introns in the mitochondrial gene nad1 in land plants: phylogenetic and molecular evolutionary implications: Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 32 246–263. 5 figs., 2 tabs.
Donoghue, M. J. 1989. Phylogenies and the analysis of evolutionary sequences, with examples from seed plants. Evolution 43:1137-1156.
Donoghue, M. J. 1994. Progress and prospects in reconstructing plant phylogeny. Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 81:405-418.
Donoghue, M. J. 2008. A phylogenetic perspective on the distribution of plant diversity. Proceedings of the National Academy of Science. 105(1): 11549-11555. [C]
Donoghue, M. J. and J. A. Doyle. 1989a. Phylogenetic analysis of angiosperms and the relationships of Hamemelidae. In: P.R. Crane and S. Blackmore, eds. Evolution, Systematics, and the fossil history of the Hamamelidae. Vol. 1. Clarendon Press. Oxford. pp. 17-45.
Donoghue, M. J. and J. A. Doyle. 1989b Phylogenetic studies of seed plants and angiosperms based on morphological characters. In: B. Fernholm, K. Bremer and H. Joernvall, eds. The hierarchy of life. Elsevier Publ. Amsterdam. pp. 181-193.
Donoghue, M. J. and J. A. Doyle. 2000. Seed plant phylogeny: demise of the anthophyte hypothesis? Current Biology 10:R106-R109. [C]
Donoghue, M. J. and S. M. Scheiner. 1992. The evolution of endosperm: a phylogenetic account. In: R. Wyatt, ed. Ecology and evolution of plant reproduction: new approaches. New York: Chapman and Hall. New York. pp. 356-389.
Donoghue, P. C. J. 1998. Growth and patterning in the conodont skeleton. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, Series B. 353: 633–666.
Donoghue, P. C. J. 2001. Conodonts meet cladistics: recovering relationships and assessing the completeness of the conodont fossil record. Palaeontology. 44: 65–93.
Donoghue, P. C. J. 2002. Evolution of development of the vertebrate dermal and oral skeletons: unraveling concepts, regulatory theories, homologies. 28(4):474-507. [C]
Donoghue, P. C. J. 2005. Saving the stem-group – a contradiction in terms. Paleobiology. 31: 553-558.
Donoghue, M. J. 2005. Key innovations, convergence, and success: macroevolutionary lessons from plant phylogeny. Paleobiology 31 (2): 77-93.
Donoghue, P. C. J. and R. J. Aldridge. 2001. Origin of a mineralised skeleton. In P. E. Ahlberg, ed. Major Events in Early Vertebrate Evolution: Palaeontology, Phylogeny, Genetics and Development. Taylor and Francis. London. pp. 85-105.
Donoghue, P. C. J. and M. J. Benton. 2007. Rocks and clocks: calibrating the Tree of Life using fossils and molecules. Trends in Ecology and Evolution 22: 424-431.
Donoghue, P. C. J., P. L. Forey, and R. J. Aldridge. 2000. Conodont affinity and chordate phylogeny. Biol. Rev. 75: 191–251. [C]
Donoghue, P. C. J., A. Graham, and R. N. Kelsh. 2008. The origin and evolution of the neural crest. BioEssays. 30: 530-541. [C]
Donoghue, P. C. J. and M. A. Purnell. 2005. Genome duplication, extinction, and vertebrate evolution. Trend in Ecology and Evolution. 20(6):312-319. [C]
Donoghue, P. C. J. and I. J. Sansom. 2002. Origin and early evolution of vertebrate skelotonization. Microscopy Research and Technique. 59:352-372. [C]
Donoghue, P. C. J., I. J. Sansom, and J. P. Downs. 2006. Early evolution of vertebrate skeleton tissues and cellular interactions, and canalization of skeleton development. Journal of Experimental Zoology (Molecular and Developmental Evolution).306B:1-17. [C]
Donoghue, P. C. J. and M. P. Smith. 2001. The anatomy of Turinia pagei (Powrie), and the phylogenetic status of the Thelodonti. Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh : Earth Sciences. 92:15-37. [C]
Donoghue, P. C. J., M. P. Smith, I. J. Sansom. 2003. The origin and early evolution of chordates: molecular clocks and the fossil record. In: P. C. J. Donoghue and M. P. Smith, eds. Telling the Evolutionary Time: Molecular Clocks and the Fossil Record. Taylor and Francis. London. pp 190–223.
Donoghue, P.C.J., S. Bengtson, X. Dong, N.J. Gostling, T. Huldtgren, J.A. Cunningham, C. Yin, Z. Yue, F. Peng, and M. Stampanoni. 2006. Synchrotron X-ray tomographic microscopy of fossil embryos. 442(10): 680-683.
Doolittle, R. F., D. F. Feng, S. Tsang, G. Cho, and E. Little. 1996. Determining divergence times of the major kingdoms of living organisms with a protein clock. Science. 271: 470-477.
Doolittle, W. F. 1998. You are what you eat: a gene transfer ratchet could account for bacterial genes in eukaryotic nuclear genomes. Trends in Genetics 14:307-311.
Doolittle, W. F. 1999a. Phylogenetic classification and the universal tree. Science 284:2124-2128. [L]
Doolittle, W. F. 1999b. Lateral genomics. Trends in Biochemical Sciences 24: M5-M8.
Doolittle, W. F. 2000. Uprooting the tree of life. Scientific American 282:90-95. [L]
Doolittle, W.F. 2001. Fascinations of the third domain. Science. 291:1707. [C,L]
Doolittle, W. F. and J. M. Logsdon. 1998. Archaeal genomics: do Archaea have a mixed heritage? Current Biology 8: (6) R209-R211.
Doolittle, W. F. and J. R. Brown. 1994. Tempo, mode, the progenote, and the universal root. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 91:6721-6728. [L]
Dopazo H., and J. Dopazo. 2005. Genome-scale evidence of the nematode-arthropod clade. Genome Biology. 6: R41. [C]
Dopazo, H., J. Santoyo, and J. Dpoazo. 2004. Phylogenomics and the number of characters required for obtaining an accurate phylogeny of eukaryote model systems. Bioinformatics. 20(Suppl. 1): 116-121. [C]
d’Orbigny, A. 1826. Tableau méthodique de la classe des Céphalopodes. Annales des Sciences Naturelles. 7:245-314.d’Orbigny, A. 1839. Voyage dans l’Amérique Méridionale; Foraminifères.5. Levrault, Strasbourg, France.
d’Orbigny, A. 1846. Foraminiféres fossiles du bassin tertiare de Vienne (Autriche). Gide et Comp., Paris.
Doroshina-Ukrainskaya and G. Ya. 2002. Vegetativnoe razmnozhenie u vidov poda Plagiothecium, pp. 25–26: In A. D. Potemkin (ed.), Problemy Briologii na Rubezhe Vekov. Russian Academy of Sciences, V. L. Komarov Botanical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia. [On vegetative reproduction in Plagiothecium.].
Dorris, M., P. De Ley, and M. L. Blaxter. 1999. Molecular analysis of nematode diversity and the evolution of parasitism. Parasitology Today. 15(5): 188-193. [C]
Douady, C.J., P.I. Chatelier, O. Madsen, W. de Jong, F. Catzeflis, M. Springer, and M. Stanhope. 2002. Molecular phylogenetic evidence confirming the Eulipotyphla concept and in support of hedgehogs as the sister group to shrews. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 25:200-209.
Douady, C.J. and E. Douzery. 2003. Molecular estimation of eulipotyphlan divergence times and the evolution of “Insectivora.” Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 28: 285-296.
Douady, C. J., M. Dosay, M. S. Shivji, and M. J. Stanhope. 2003a. Molecular phylogenetic evidence refuting the hypothesis of Batoidea (rays and skates) as derived sharks. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 26: 215-221.
Doucette, G. J., M. Kodama, S. Franca, and S. Gallacher. 1998. Bacterial interactions with harmful algal bloom species: bloom ecology, toxigenesis, and cytology. In: Anderson, D. M., A. D. Cembella, and G. M. Hallegraeff, eds. Physiological Ecology of Harmful Algal Blooms. NATO ASI Series G: Ecological Sciences, Vol. 41. Springer-Verlag, Heidelberg. p. 619–47.
Douzery, E. J. P., A. M. Pridgeon, P. Kores, H. P. Linder, H. Kurzweil, and M. W. Chase. 1999. Molecular phylogenetics of Diseae (Orchidaceae): a contribution from nuclear ribosomal ITS sequences. American Journal of Botany. 86: 887-899.
Douzery, E.J.P., E.A. Snell, E. Bapteste, F. Delsuc, and H. Phillippe. 2004. The timing of eukaryotic evolution: does a relaxed molecular clock reconcile proteins and fossils? Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA. 101(43):15386-15391. [C,L]
Doweld, A. 2001. Prosyllabus tracheophytorum. GEOS. Moscow, USSR.
Dower, B. L., R. M. Bateman, D. W. Stevenson. 2004. Systematics, Ontogeny, and Phylogenetic Implications of Exceptional Anatomically Preserved Cycadophyte Leaves from the Middle Jurassic of Bearreraig Bay, Skye, Northwest Scotland. The Botanical Review. 70(2): 105-120. [C,L]
Dowton, M. and A. D. Austin. 2002. Increased congruence does not necessarily indicate increased phylogenetic accuracy: The behavior of the incongruence length difference test in mixed-model analyses. Systematic Biology. 51: 19-31.
Doyle, J. A. 1978. Origin of angiosperms. Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics. 9: 365-392. [C]
Doyle, J. A. 1996. Seed plant phylogeny and the relationships of Gnetales. International Journal of Plant Sciences. 157:S3-S39.
Doyle, J. A. 1998a. Molecules, morphology, fossils, and the relationship of angiosperms and Gnetales. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 9:448-462. [C]
Doyle, J. A. 1998b. Phylogeny of vascular plants. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics. 29:567-599. [C, L]
Doyle, J. A. 2006. Seed ferns and the origin of angiosperms. Journal of the Torrey Botanical Society. 133(1): 169-209. [C]
Doyle, J. A. and M. J. Donoghue. 1993. Phylogenies and angiosperm diversification. Paleobiology. 19:141-167.
Doyle, J. A. and P. K. Endress. 2000. Morphological phylogenetic analysis of basal angiosperms: comparison and combination with molecular data. International Journal of Plant Sciences 161:S121-S153.
Doyle, J. A., and M. J. Donoghue. 1986. Seed plant phylogeny and the origin of angiosperms: an experimental cladistic approach. The Botanical Review. 52:321-431. [C]
Doyle, J. A. and M. J. Donoghue. 1987. The origin of angiosperms: a cladistic approach. In: The origins of angiosperms and their biological consequences. Friis, E. M., W. G. Chaloner, and P. R. Crane (eds.). Cambridge University Press. Cambridge. [C]
Doyle, J. A., and M. J. Donoghue. 1992. Fossils and seed plant phylogeny reanalyzed. Brittonia 44:89-106.
Doyle, J. A., and M. J. Donoghue. 1993. Phylogenies and angiosperm diversification. Paleobiology. 19:141–167.
Doyle, J. A., M. J. Donoghue and E. A. Zimmer. 1994. Integration of morphological and rRNA data on the origin of angiosperms. Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 81:419-450.
Doyle, J. J. 1992. Gene trees and species trees-Molecular systematics as one-character taxonomy. Systematic Botany. 17:144-163.
Doyle, J. J. and J. L. Doyle. 1987. A rapid DNA isolation procedure for small quantities of fresh leaf tissue. Phytochem. Bull. 19: 11-15.
Draisma, S.G. W.F. Prud’homme van Reine, W.T. Stam, and J.L. Olsen. 2001. A reassessment of phylogenetic relationships in the Phaeophyceae based on RUBISCO large subunit and ribosomal DNA sequences. Journal of Phycology. 37:586-603. [L]
Drebes, G. and E. Schnepf. 1982. Phagotrophy and development of Paulsenella of. chaetoceratis (Dinophyta), an ectoparasite of the diatom Streptotheca thamesis. Helgoländer Meeresunters., 35:501–515.
Drebes, G. and E. Schnepf. 1988. Paulsenella Chatton (Dinophyta), ectoparasite of marine diatoms: development and taxonomy. Helgolander Meeresunters. 42:563–581.
Dressler, R. L. 1993. Phylogeny and classification of the orchid family. Dioscorides Press, Portland, Oregon.
Dressler, R. L. and N. H. Williams. 2000. Chelyorchis, a new genus. P. 1130 in Romero-González, G. A. and G. Carnevali Fernández-Concha. Orchids of Venezuela: An illustrated field guide. Second edition. Armitano Editores. Caracas, Venezuela.
Dressler, R. L., Whitten, W. M., and N. H. Williams. 2004. Phylogenetic relationships of Scaphyglottis and related genera (Laeliinae: Orchidaceae) based on nrDNA ITS sequence data Brittonia. 56: 58-66.
Drew K. M. 1956 Conferva ceramicola Lyngbye. Botanisk Tidsskrift 53: 67-67
Drinnan, A. N., P. R. Crane, and S. B. Hoot. 1994. Patterns of floral evolution in the early diversification of non-magnoliid dicotyledons (eudicots). Plant Systematics and Evolution 8 (Suppl.):93-122.
Droop, S.J.M., D.G. Mann, and G.M. Lokhorst. 2000. Spatial and temporal stability of demes in Diploneis smithii/D. fusca (Bacillariophyta) supports a narrow species concept. Phycologia. 39: 527-546.
Drozanski, W. 1978. Activity and distribution of bacteriolytic N-acetyl-muramidase during growth of Acanthamoeba castellanii in axenic culture. Acta Microbiol. Pol. 27:243-256.
Dubelaar, G. B. J., P. J. F. Geerders, and R. R. Jonker. 2004. High frequency monitoring reveals phytoplankton dynamics. Journal of Environmental Monitoring. 6: 946-952. [C]
Dubois, A. and R. Bour. 2010. The distinction between family-series and class-series nomina in zoological nomenclature, with emphasis on the nomina created by Batsch (1788, 1789) and on the higher nomenclature of turtles. Bonn Zoological Bulletin. 57(2): 149-171.
Dubuisson, J-Y. 1997. rbcL sequences: a promising tool for the molecular systematics of the fern genus Trichomanes (Hymenophyllaceae)? Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 8: 128-138 [C]
Dubuisson, J-Y., S. Hennequin, F. Rakotondrainibe, and H. Schneider. 2003. Ecological diversity and adaptive tendencies in the tropical fern Trichomanes L. (Hymenophyllaceae) with special reference to climbing and epiphytic habits. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 142: 41-63. [C]
Duckett, J. G, A Carafa, and R Ligrone. 2004, [Abstract] Liverwort phylogeny and endophytic fungi. Botany 2004: Abstracts, Scientific Meeting, p. 35: Botanical Society of America, Snowbird, UT.
Duckett, J. G. and K. S. Renzaglia. 1988. Ultrastructure and development of plastids in bryophytes. Advances in Bryology 3: 33-93.
Ducklow, H. W. and S. M. Hill. 1985a. The growth of heterotrophic bacteria in the surface waters of warm core rings. Limnol. Oceanogr. 30:239-259. [L]
Ducklow, H. W. and S. M. Hill. 1985b. Tritiated thymidine incorporation and growth of heterotrophic bacteria in warm core rings. Limnol. Oceaogr. 30:260-272. [L]
Dudley, R. 2001. Limits to human locomotor performance: phylogenetic origins ad comparative perspectives. The Journal of Experimental Biology. 204: 3235-3240. [C]
Dufernez, F., E. Derelle, C. Noel, G. Sanciu, C. Mantini, D. Dive, M. Soyer-Gobillard, M. Capron, R. j. Pierce, R. Wintjens, D. Guillebault, and E. Viscogliosi. 2008. Molecular Characterization of Iron-containing Superoxide Dismutases in the Heterotrophic Dinoflagellate Crypthecodinium cohnii. Protist. 159: 223-238. [C,L]
Duff, R. J. 2004, [Abstract] Pervasive RNA editing in hornwort chloroplast and mitochondrial protein coding genes. Botany 2004: Abstracts, Scientific Meeting, p. 73: Botanical Society of America, Snowbird, UT.
Duff, R. J, D. C Cargill, J. C Villarreal, and K. S Renzaglia. 2004, Phylogenetic relationships of the hornworts based on rbcL sequence data: novel relationships and new insights: Monographs in Systematic Botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden. 98 41–58.
Duff, R. J, and F. Moore. 2004. [Abstract] The maintenance and evolution of RNA editing and its effects on phylogeny reconstruction in hornworts. Botany 2004: Abstracts, Scientific Meeting, p. 113: Botanical Society of America, Snowbird, UT.
Duff, R. J. and D. L. Nickrent. 1999. Phylogenetic relationships of land plants using mitochondrial small-subunit rDNA sequences. American Journal of Botany 86:372-386. [L]
Duff, R.J. 2005. Divergent RNA editing frequencies in hornwort mitochondiral nad5 sequences. Gene 366: 285-291. [C]
Dufour, D. L. and M. L. Sauther. 2002. Comparative and evolutionary dimensions of the energetics of human pregnancy and lactation. Am J Hum Biol. 14: 584–602.
Duméril, A. M. C. 1806. Zoologie Analytique, ou Méthode Naturelle de Classification des Animaux. Didot. Paris.
Dumeril, A. M. C. 1806. Zoologie analytique methode naturelle de classification des animaux, rendue plus facile a l’aide de tableaux synoptiques. Allais, Paris. pp. i-xxxiii, 1-334.
Duméril, A. M. C. 1812. Dissertation sur la Famille des Poissons Cyclostomes, pour Démontrer leurs Rapports avec les Animaux sans Vertèbres. Didot. Paris.
Duncan, S. R., S. Scott, and C. J. Duncan. 2005. Reappraisal of the historical selective pressures for the CCR5- delta 32 mutation. Jounal of Medical Genetics. 42: 205-208. [C]
Dunlop, J. A. 1998. The origins of tetrapulmonate book lungs and their significance for chelicerate phylogeny. Proceeddings of the 17th European Colloquium of Arachnology. 9-16.
Dunlop, J.A. and C.P. Arango. (2004). Pycnogonid affinities: a review. Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research. 43: 8-21.
Dunn, C. W., A. Hejnol, D. Q. Matus, K. Pang, W. E. Browne, S. A. Smith, E. Seaver, G. W. Rouse, M. Obst, G. D. Edgecombe, M. V. Sørensen, S. H. D. Haddock, A. Schmidt-Rhaesa, A. Okusu, R. M. Kristensen, W. C. Wheeler, M. Q. Martindale, and G. Giribet. 2008. Broad phylogenomic sampling improves resolution of the animal tree of life. Nature. 452: 745-749. [C,L]
Dunnebacke, T. H. and F. L. Schuster. 1974. J. Protozool. 21:327-329. [L]
Dunthorn, M., W. Foissner, and L. A. Katz. 2008. Molecular phylogenetic analysis of class Colpodea (phylum Ciliophora) using broad taxon sampling. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 46: 316-327. [C]
Dunthorn, M., W Foissner, and L. A. Katz. 2010. Expanding Character Sampling for Ciliate Phylogenetic Inference Using Mitochondrial SSU-rDNA as a Molecular Marker. Protist. 162: 85-99. [C]
Durand, D. 2003. Vertebrate evolution: doubling and shuffling with a full deck. Trends in Genetics. 19(1): 2-5. [C]
Dutilh, B. E., B. Snel, T. J. G. Ettema, and M. A. Huynen. 2008. Signature genes as a phylogenomic tool. Molecular Biology Evolution 25(8): 1659-1667. [C]
Dutrochet, R.J.H. 1824. Researches anatomiques et physiologiques sur la structure intime des animauz et des vegetaux. Baillere, Paris.
Duvall, M.R., G.H. Learn, L.E. Eguiarte, and M.E. Clegg. 1993. Phylogenetic analysis of rbcL sequences identifies Acorus calamus as the primal extant monocotyledon. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 90: 4641-4644. [L]
Duvall, M.W., M.T. Clegg, M.W. Chase, W.D. Clark, W.J. Kress, H.G. Hills, L.E. Eguiarte, J.F. Smith, B.S. Gaut, E.A. Zimmer, G.H. Learn, Jr. 1993. Phylogenetic hypotheses for the monocotyledons constructed from rbcL sequence data. Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 80: 607-619.
Dyer, B.D. 1990a. Amoebomastigota. In: Margulis, L., J.O. Corliss, M. Melkonian, and D.J. Chapman, eds. 1990. Handbook of the Protoctista; the Structure, Cultivation, Habits and Life Histories of the Eukaryotic Microorganisms and Their Descendants Exclusive of Animals, Plants and Fungi. Jones and Bartlett Publishers. Boston . pp. 186-190. [L]
Dyer, B. D. 1990b. Bicoecids. In: Margulis, L., J.O. Corliss, M. Melkonian, and D.J. Chapman, eds. 1990. Handbook of the Protoctista; the Structure, Cultivation, Habits and Life Histories of the Eukaryotic Microorganisms and Their Descendants Exclusive of Animals, Plants and Fungi. Jones and Bartlett Publishers. Boston. pp. 191-193. [L]
Dyer, B.D. 1990c. Parabasalia. In: Margulis, L., J.O. Corliss, M. Melkonian, and D.J. Chapman, eds. 1990. Handbook of the Protoctista; the Structure, Cultivation, Habits and Life Histories of the Eukaryotic Microorganisms and Their Descendants Exclusive of Animals, Plants and Fungi. Jones and Bartlett Publishers. Boston . pp. 252-258. [L]
Dykova, I., I. Fiala, H. Dvorakova, and H. Peckova. 2008. Living together: the marine amoeba Thecamoeba hilla Schaffer, 1926 and its endosymbiont Labyrinthula sp. European Journal of Protistology. 44(4): 308-316.
Dylewski, D. 1990. Plasmodiophoromycota. In: Margulis, L., J.O. Corliss, M. Melkonian, and D.J. Chapman, eds. 1990. Handbook of the Protoctista; the Structure, Cultivation, Habits and Life Histories of the Eukaryotic Microorganisms and Their Descendants Exclusive of Animals, Plants and Fungi. Jones and Bartlett Publishers. Boston . pp. 399-417. [L]
Dzik, J. 1976. Remarks on the evolution of Ordovician conodonts. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica. 21: 395–455.
Dzik, J. 1981. Origin of the cephalopoda. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 26(2): 161-189.
Dzik, J. 1990. Conodont evolution in high latitudes of the Ordovician. Courier Forschungsinstitut Senckenberg. 117: 1–28.
Dzik, J. 1991. Evolution of oral apparatuses in the conodont chordates. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 36: 265–323.
Dzik, J. 1994. Conodonts of the M´ojcza Limestone. Paleontologia Polonica 53: 43–128.
Dzik, J. 1997. Emergence and succession of Carboniferous conodont and ammonoid communities in the Polish part of the Variscan Sea. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 42: 57–170.
Dzik, J. 2000. The origin of the mineral skeleton in chordates. Evolutionary Biology 31: 105–154.
Dzik, J. 2002. Emergence and collapse of the Frasnian conodont and ammonoid communities in the Holy Cross Mountains. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 47: 565–650.
Dzik, J. and G. Krumbiegel. 1989. The oldest ‘onychophoran’ Xenusion: a link connecting phyla? Lethaia. 22: 169-182. [C]
de Queiroz, A. 1993. For consensus (sometimes). Systematic Biology. 42: 368-372.
Dowton, M. & A. D. Austin. 2002. Increased congruence does not necessarily indicate increased phylogenetic accuracy: The behavior of the incongruence length difference test in mixed-model analyses. Systematic Biology 51: 19-31.
Douzery, E. J. P., A. M. Pridgeon, P. Kores, H. P. Linder, H. Kurzweil, and M. W. Chase. 1999. Molecular phylogenetics of Diseae (Orchidaceae): a contribution from nuclear ribosomal ITS sequences. American Journal of Botany. 86: 887-899.
Doyle, J. J. 1992. Gene trees and species trees-Molecular systematics as one-character taxonomy. Systematic Botany. 17:144-163.
Doyle, J. J. and J. L. Doyle. 1987. A rapid DNA isolation procedure for small quantities of fresh leaf tissue. Phytochemistry Bulletin. 19: 11-15.
Dressler, R. L. 1993. Phylogeny and Classification of the Orchid Family. Dioscorides Press, Portland, Oregon.
Dressler, R. L. and N. H. Williams. 2000. Chelyorchis, a new genus. P. 1130 in Romero-González, G. A. and G. Carnevali Fernández-Concha. Orchids of Venezuela: An illustrated field guide. Second edition. Armitano Editores. Caracas, Venezuela.
Dressler, R. L., W. M. Whitten, and N. H. Williams. 2004. Phylogenetic relationships of Scaphyglottis and related genera (Laeliinae: Orchidaceae) based on nrDNA ITS sequence data. Brittonia. 56: 58-66.
Drouet, F. and A. Cohen. 1935. The Morphology of Gonyostomum Semen From Woods Hole, Massachusetts. Biological Bulletin. 68(3): 422-439.
Dyer, P. S. 2008. Evolutionary biology: genomic clues to original sex in fungi. Current Biology. 18(5): R207-R209.
Dyke, G. J. 2002. Should paleontologists use “phylogenetic’ nomenclature? Paleontology. 76: 793-796.
Dzik, J. 2003. Anatomical information content in the ediacaran fossils and their possible zoological affinities. Integr. Comp. Biol. 43: 114-126.
By Jack R. Holt. Last revised: 10/21/2019