HIERARCHICAL CLASSIFICATION OF THE KINGDOM OXYPHOTOBACTERIA [ex GIBBONS AND MURRAY 1978 (MURRAY 1988)] AND ITS SINGLE PHYLUM CYANOBACTERIA (STANIER 1974)
| EUBACTERIA> OXYPHOTOBACTERIA> CYANOBACTERIA |
KINGDOM OXYPHOTOBACTERIA LINKS
| This system generally follows that of Hoffmann et al. (2005); however, I raised their subclasses to the level of class. |
- CLASS SYNECHOCOCCOPHYCEAE
-
Thylakoids
(text with tooltip)
Thylakoids are membranes, usually stacked, on which the photosynthetic pigments and enzymes are located.
arranged on the outside of the cell and run parallel to the cell membrane. Some have mucilage surrounding the cells, but there are no well-defined sheath layers.
- ORDER SYNECHOCOCCALES
- Typically, these are unicellular or form celllular aggregates (nonfilamentous colonies).
- Acaryochloridae: Acaryochloris
- Chamaesiphonaceae: Chamaesiphon, Clastidium, Cyanophanon, Geitleribactron
- Merismopediaceae: Merismopedia, Aphanocapsa, Coccopedia, Coelomoron, Coelosphaeropsis, Coelosphaerium, Cyanotetras, Eucapsis, Lithococcus, Lithomyxa, Mantellum, Paracapsa, Siphonosphaera, Synechocystis
- Synechococcaceae: Synechococcus, Alternaria, Alternantia, Bacularia, Chamaesiphon, Cyanobium, Cyanocatena, Cyanocatenula, Cyanodictyon, Cyanonephron Cyanogranis, Cyanothamnos, Epigloeosphaera, Lemmermanniella, Pannus, Planktocyanocapsa, Prochlorococcus, Rhabdoderma, Rhabdogloea, Rhodostichus, Thermosynechococcous, Tubiella, Wolskyella
- ORDER PSEUDANABAENALES
- Mostly filamentous (text with tooltip) A filament is a linear array of cells. In the Cyanobacteria, a filament is the linear array of cells (trichome) plus the surrounding mucilaginous sheath.
- Pseudanabaenaceae: Pseudanabaena, Arthronema, Geitlerinema, Halomicronema, Heteroleibleinia, Jaaginema, Leptolyngbya, Limnothrix, Planktolyngbya, Prochlorothrix, Romeria, Sokolovia, Tapinothrix
- Schizothrichaceae: Schizothrix, Trichololeus
- ORDER SYNECHOCOCCALES
- CLASS GLOEOBACTEROPHYCEAE
- No photosynthetic thylakoids
- ORDER GLOEOBACTERALES
- Gloeobacteraceae: Gloeobacter
- CLASS OSCILLATORIOPHYCEAE
- Thylakoids throughout the cell, often perpendicular to the cell membrane. Mucilage, when present, usually forms well-defined layers.
- ORDER CHROOCOCCALES
- Unicellular or in cellular aggregates.
- Chroococcaceae: Chroococcus, Asterocapsa, Chlorogloea, Chroocogloeocystis, Cyanokybus, Cyanosarcina, Gloeocapsopsis, Nephrococcus, Pseudocapsa
- Cyanobacteriaceae: Cyanobacterium, Aphanothece, Crocosphaera, Cyanocomperia, Cyanothece, Gloeothece, Hormothece, Microcrocis, Myxobaktron, Palikiella, Pseudoconbyrsa
- Dermocarpellaceae: Cyanocystis, Dermocarpella, Stanieria
- Entophysalidaceae: Entophysalis, Cyanoarbor, Cyanodermatium, Cyanostylon, Dzensia, Hormathonema, Johannesbaptistia, Placoma, Siphonema, Tryponema
- Gomphosphaeriaceae: Gomphosphaeria, Snowella, Woronichinia
- Hydrococcaceae: Hydrococcus, Chroococcidium, Cyanoderma, Cyanosaccus, Dalmatella, Ercegovicia, Hyella, Myxohyella, Onkonema, Pascherinema, Pleurocapsa, Podocapsa, Radaisia, Solentia
- Microcystaceae: Microcystis, Chondrocystis, Gloeocapsa, Radiocystis, Sphaerocavum
- Prochloraceae: Prochloron
- Spirulinaceae: Spirulina, Glaucospira
- Stichosiphonaceae: Stichosiphon, Chamaecalyx
- Xenococcaceae: Xenococcus, Chroococcidopsis, Chroococcopsis, Epilithia, Myxosarcina, Xenotholos
- ORDER OSCILLATORIALES
- Filamentous.
- Ammtoideaceae: Ammatoidea, Homeothrix, Phormidiochaete, Pseudoscytonema
- Borziaceae: Borzia, Komvophoron, Sinaiella, Yonedaella
- Gomontiellaceae: Gomontiella, Crinalium, Starria
- Oscillatoriaceae: Oscillatoria, Blenothrix, Hormoscilla, Lyngbya, Plectonema, Polychlamydum
- Phormidiaceae: Phormidium, Arthrospira, Hydrocoleum, Katagnymene, Leibleinia, Lyngbyopsis, Microcoleus, Planktothricoides, Planktothrix, Porphyrosiphon, Proterendothrix, Pseudophormidium, Sirocoleum, Symploca, Symplocastrum, Trichodesmium, Tychonema
- CLASS NOSTOCOPHYCEAE
- Organisms filamentous; many with heterocysts (text with tooltip) Heterocysts are special cells in certain Cyanobacteria that have the ability to fix nitrogen into a biologically usable form. The heterocysts have a morphology that is different from the vegetative cells (usually nearly clear) and generate ATP through photophosphorylation to drive the enzymatic energy necessary to fix nitrogen. and akinetes (text with tooltip) Akinetes are special cells in certain filamentous Cyanobacteria that likely serve as asexual reproductive structures. . Some exhibit true branching (text with tooltip) True branching occurs in filamentous taxa which generally divide in a plane perpendicular to the axis of the filament (thus forming the filament). However, they sometimes divide in a plane parallel to the axis of the filament and form a branch. (filaments with occasional cells dividing in two planes) or false branching (text with tooltip) False branching occurs in certain taxa of Cyanobacteria which form hormogonia that continue to grow (in both directions) thus they erupt through the original sheath and create a branch-like structure. . They multiply by detaching segments of filaments (hormogonia) (text with tooltip) Hormogonia are short fragments of trichomes contained within a common sheath. They are formed by the death of periodic vegetative cells in the trichome. Hormogonia can be a means of asexual reproduction in Cyanobacteria. .
- ORDER NOSTOCALES
- Borzinemataceae: Borzinema, Handeliella, Schmidleinema, Segurnzaea, Spelaeopogon
- Chlorogloeopsidaceae: Chlorogloeopsis, Heterocyanococcus
- Hapalosiphonaceae: Albrightia, Brachytrichopsis, Chondrogloea, Fischerella, Fischerellopsis, Hapalosiphon, Leptopogon, Loefgrenia, Mastidocladus, Mastigocoleopsis, Mastigocoleus, Matteia, Nostochopsis, Parthasarathiella, Thalophilia, Westiella, Westiellopsis
- Loriellaceae: Loriella, Colteronema, Geitleria, Hyphomorpha
- Microchaetaceae: Microchaete, Camptylonemopsis, Coleodesmiopsis, Coleodesmium, Fortiea, Hassallia, Petalonema, Rexia, Spirirestris, Tolypothrix
- Nostocaceae: Nostoc, Anabaena, Anabaenopsis, Aphanizomenon, Aulosira, Cuspidothrix, Cyanospira, Cylindrospermopsis, Cylindrospermum, Hormothamnion, Hydrocoryne, Isocystis, Nodularia, Raphidiopsis, Richelia, Thiochaete, Trichormus, Wollea
- Rivulariaceae: Rivularia, Calothrix, Dichthrix, Gardnerula, Gloeotrichia, Isactis, Sacconema
- Scytonemataceae: Scytonema, Brasilonema, Kyrtuthrix, Scytonematopsis
- Stigonemataceae: Stigonema, Caposira, Cyanobotrys, Desmosiphon, Doliocatella, Homoeoptyche, Letestuinema, Nematoplaca, Pulvinularia, Stauromatonema
- Symphyonemataceae: Symphonema, Adrianema, Brachytrichia, Herpyzonema, Iyengariella, Mastigocladopsis, Parenchymorpha, Symphonemopsis, Umezakia, Voukiella
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| By Jack R. Holt. Last revised: 02/08/2012 |
