DESCRIPTION OF THE PHYLUM ENDOSPOROBACTERIA (MARGULIS AND SCHWARTZ 1998)
| EUBACTERIA> FIRMICUTAE> ENDOSPOROBACTERIA |
PHYLUM ENDOSPOROBACTERIA LINKS
| Endosporobacteria (pronounced in-do-spo-ro-bak-TE-re-uh) is formed from three Greek roots that mean “within” (entos -εντός) “seed” (sporos -σπόρος) and “little stick” (bakterion -βακτήριον). The reference is to the production of resistant spores (endospores) within the cells. Margulis and Schwartz (1998) introduced Endospora, and we added the suffix, -bacteria, to attempt to make phylum names uniform in this system. |
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| FIGURE 1. Photomicrograph of Bacillus anthracis using a typical spore stain. Image from CDC, Public Domain | FIGURE 2. SEM Photomicrograph of Bacillus anthracis growing in the tissue of a monkey. Image from NIH, Public Domain | FIGURE 3. False color SEM Photomicrograph of Staphylococcus aureus. Note the cluster-of-grapes growth form. Image from http://www.zdravljeizivot.com/include/images/colostrum/staphylococcus_aureus.jpg | FIGURE 4. False color SEM Photomicrograph of Lactobacillus bulgaricus, a milk fermenter that makes yogurt. Image from http://bioweb.usu.edu/microscopy/lactobacillus%20bulgaricus.jpg |
FIGURE 5. Tentative relationships between the phyla of the Firmicutes that we use in this system. The tentative location of the bacilli is indicated by the shaded box. This tree uses Margulis and Schwartz (1998), with modifications from Garrity et al. (2001, 2003, and 2005), Tudge (2000), and Black (2002) in its structure.
| LITERATURE CITED Barnes, R. S. K. 1984b. Kingdom Monera. IN: Barnes, R.S.K., ed. A synoptic classification of living organisms. Sinauer Associates. Sunderland, Mass. Black, J. G. 2002. Microbiology, Principles and Explorations. 5th ed. John Wiley and Sons, Inc. New York. Blot, S. I., K. H. Vandewoude, E. A. Hoste, and F. A. Colardyn. 2002. Outcome and attributable mortality in critically ill patients with bacteremia involving methicillin-susceptible and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Arch. Intern. Med. 162: 2229-2235. Brock, T. D., M. T. Madigan, J. M. Martinko, and J. Parker. 1994. Biology of Microorganisms. 7th ed. Prentice Hall. Englewood Cliffs, NJ. Garrity, G. M., M. Winters, and D. Searles. 2001. Bergey’s manual of systematic bacteriology. 2nd ed. Springer-Verlag. New York. Garrity, G. M., J. A. Bell, and T. G. Lilburn. 2003. Taxonomic Outline of the Prokaryotes. Bergey’s Manual of Systematic Bacteriology. 2nd edition. Release 4.0. Springer-Verlag. New York. pp. 1-397. Guillemin, J. 2001. Anthrax University of California Press, Berkely. Margulis, L. and K. Schwartz. 1988. Five Kingdoms, An Illustrated Guide to the Phyla of Life on Earth. 2nd Edition. W. H. Freeman and Co. New York. Margulis, L. and K. Schwartz. 1998. Five Kingdoms, An Illustrated Guide to the Phyla of Life on Earth. 3rd Edition. W. H. Freeman and Co. New York. Neeley, A. N. and M. P. Maley. 2000. Survival of Enterococci and Staphylococci on hospital fabrics and plastic. Journal of Clinical Microbiology. 38(2): 724-726. Ryan, K. J. and C. G. Ray, eds. 2004. Sherris Medical Microbiology. 4th edition. McGraw Hill. New York. Sneath, P. H. A. 1986. Endosporeforming Gram-positive rods and cocci. In: Sneath, P. H. A., Mair, N. S., Sharpe, M. E. and Holt, J. G., eds. Bergey´s Manual of Systematic Bacteriology. 2: 1104-1207. Tudge, C. 2000. The Variety of Life, A Survey and a Celebration of all the Creatures That Have Ever Lived. Oxford University Press. New York. Vallery-Radot, V. 1928. The Life of Pasteur. Garden City Publishing Co., Garden City, NY. |
| By Jack R. Holt. Last revised: 09/05/2016 |
