HIERARCHICAL CLASSIFICATION OF THE PHYLUM PLACOZOA
| EUKARYA>UNIKONTA>OPISTHOKONTA>ANIMALIA>PARAZOA>PLACOZOA |
PHYLUM PLACOZOA LINKS
| This taxonomy is from the systems of Brusca and Brusca (2003) and Margulis and Schwartz (1998). |
- The taxonomy is uncertain, and the phylum has only 1 or maybe 2 species in a single genus.
- Trichoplax.
| LITERATURE CITED Adl, S. M., A. G. B. Simpson, M. A. Farmer, R. A. Andersen, O. R. Anderson, J. R. Barta, S. S. Bowser, G. Brugerolle, R. A. Fensome, S. Fredericq, T. Y. James, S. Karpov, P. Kugrens, J. Krug, C. E. Lane, L. A. Lewis, J. Lodge, D. H. Lynn, D. G. Mann, R. M. McCourt, L. Mendoza, O. Moestrup, S. E. Mozley-Standridge, T. A. Nerad, C. A. Shearer, A. V. Smirnov, F. W. Spiegel, and M. F. J. R. Taylor. 2005. The new higher level classification of eukaryotes with emphasis on the taxonomy of protists. Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology. 52(5):399-451. Barnes, R. D. 1980. Invertebrate Zoology. Saunders College/Holt, Rinehart and Wilson, Philadelphia. Barnes. R. S. K. 1984a. Kingdom Animalia. IN: R. S. K. Barnes, ed. A Synoptic Classification of Living Organisms. Sinauer Associates, Inc., Sunderland, MA. pp. 129-257. Bergquist, P.R. 2001. The Porifera. In: Anderson, D.T., ed. Invertebrate Zoology. Oxford University Press. Oxford, UK. pp. 11-27. Borchiellini, C., M. Manuel, E. Alivon, N. Boury-Esnault, J. Vacelet, and Y. Le Parco. 2001. Sponge paraphyly and the origin of Metazoa. J. Evol. Biol. 14: 171-179. Brusca, R. C. and G. J. Brusca. 2003. Invertebrates. 2nd Edition. Sinauer Associates. Sunderland, MA. Buchsbaum, R. 1938. Animals Without Backbones, An Introduction to the Invertebrates. The University of Chicago Press. Chicago. Grell, K. G. 1971. Trichoplax adhaerens F. E. Schulze und die Entstehung der Metazoen. Natwiss. Rundsch. 24: 160–161. Hickman, C. P. 1973. Biology of the Invertebrates. The C. V. Mosby Company. Saint Louis. Margulis, L. and K. Schwartz. 1998. Five Kingdoms, an Illustrated Guide to the Phyla of Life on Earth. 3rd Edition. W. H. Freeman and Company. New York. Ruppert, E. E., R. S. Fox, and R. D. Barnes. 2004. Invertebrate Zoology: A Functional Evolutionary Approach. Seventh Edition. Thomson, Brooks/Cole. New York. pp. 1-963. Sperling, E.A., D. Pisani, and K.J. Peterson. 2007. Poriferan paraphyly and its implications for Precambrian palaeobiology. In: Vickers-Rich, P. and P. Komarower, eds. The Rise and Fall of the Ediacaran Biota. Geological Society, London, Special Publications. 286: 355-368. Storer, T. I. and R. L. Usinger. 1965. General Zoology. 4th Edition. McGraw-Hill Book Company. New York. Tudge, C. 2000. The Variety of Life, A Survey and a Celebration of all the Creatures That Have Ever Lived. Oxford University Press. New York. |
| By Jack R. Holt and Carlos A. Iudica. Last revised: 01/26/2010 |
