ARTIFICIAL HIERARCHICAL CLASSIFICATION OF THE LICHENS
| LICHENS ARE CHIMERICAL ENTITIES AND, THEREFORE, HAVE NO NATURAL LINES OF DESCENT |
LICHENS LINKS
| The taxonomy of this “phylum” is artificial since both the alga and fungus also can exist as separate entities. The form-phylum has 3 form-classes (based on the type of mycobiont: Ascomycota, Basidiomycota, or Deuteromycota) and 8 form-orders. The taxonomy is roughly based on that of Margulis and Schwartz (1988). |
FORM-CLASS ASCOLICHENOMYCETES
- Sexual fruiting bodies contain asci.
- FORM-SUBCLASS ASCOMYCETIDAE
- Asci unitunicate, regularly arranged in a hymenium (text with tooltip) Spore-bearing layer of cells, which contain asci, found in certain fungi. with free, unbranched paraphyses (text with tooltip) Sterile hair-like structures associated with fertile tissue, usually sporangia. .
- FORM-ORDER LECANORALES
- The fruiting bodies are
apothecia
(text with tooltip)
Open-aired perithecia.
; this is the largest group of lichens.
- Peltigera, Cladonia, Parmelia, Usnea.
- The fruiting bodies are
apothecia
(text with tooltip)
Open-aired perithecia.
; this is the largest group of lichens.
- FORM-ORDER SPHAERALES
- Fruiting bodies are
perithecia
(text with tooltip)
General term for organ containing asci.
.
- Pyrenula.
- Fruiting bodies are
perithecia
(text with tooltip)
General term for organ containing asci.
.
- FORM-ORDER CALCIALES
- Fruiting bodies are mazaedia, an
ascocarp
(text with tooltip)
Mature fruiting body of ascomycetes; contain asci.
in which the asci degenerate at maturity and the ascospores are liberated free in the hymenium.
- Calicium.
- Fruiting bodies are mazaedia, an
ascocarp
(text with tooltip)
Mature fruiting body of ascomycetes; contain asci.
in which the asci degenerate at maturity and the ascospores are liberated free in the hymenium.
- FORM-SUBCLASS LOCULOASCOMYCETIDAE
- Asci bitunicate (text with tooltip) Ascus with clearly differentiated outer and inner walls. , regularly or irregularly arranged in an ascostroma ( pseudothecium (text with tooltip) Sexual fruiting body resembling perithecia, but lacking same level of organization. ) with branched pseudoparaphyses.
- FORM-ORDER MYRANGIALES
- Pseudothecia poorly differentiated, asci irregularly distributed.
- Dermatina.
- Pseudothecia poorly differentiated, asci irregularly distributed.
- FORM-ORDER PLEOSPORALES
- Pseudothecia well delimited, resembling perithecia, asci more or less regularly arranged in the
stromatic
(text with tooltip)
A communal tissue in which multiple perithecia are embedded.
layer.
- Melanotheca.
- Pseudothecia well delimited, resembling perithecia, asci more or less regularly arranged in the
stromatic
(text with tooltip)
A communal tissue in which multiple perithecia are embedded.
layer.
- FORM-ORDER HYSTERIALES
- Pseudothecia well delimited, round and resembling apothecia, lirelliform, or irregular in outline.
- Opegrapha.
- Pseudothecia well delimited, round and resembling apothecia, lirelliform, or irregular in outline.
- FORM-CLASS BASIDIOLICHENOMYCETES
- Fruiting bodies contain basidia (text with tooltip) Microscopic structures at the end of hyphae in which fungi produce spores. .
- FORM-ORDER CORACALES
- Which has the characters of the Form-Class.
- Cora, Omphalina.
- FORM-CLASS DEUTEROLICHENOMYCETES
- Fruiting bodies are unknown; thallus crustose (text with tooltip) Crust-like thallus; stretched over and firmly fixed to substrate. to squamulose (text with tooltip) Scaly , poorly differentiated.
- FORM-ORDER LEPRARIALES
- Lepraria.
| LITERATURE CITED Ahmadjian, V. 1967. The Lichen Symbiosis. Blaisdell Publishing Co. Waltham, Mass. 152 p. Hale, M. E. 1979. How to Know the Lichens. 2nd ed. Wm.C. Brown Publishers. Dubuque, IA. Margulis, L. and K. Schwartz. 1998. Five kingdoms, an illustrated guide to the phyla of life on earth. 3rd Edition. W. H. Freeman and Company. New York. Nash, T. H., III, ed. 1996. Lichen Biology. Cambridge University Press. New York. 303 pp. |
| By Jack R. Holt. Last revised: 03/10/2013 |
