The cladistic hierarchical classification of Judd et al. (2002) modified by the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group II (2003) is:

BASAL ANGIOSPERM FAMILIES = NYMPHAEOPSIDA

MAGNOLIIDS = MAGNOLIOPSIDA

MONOCOTS = LILIOPSIDA

NON-COMMELINIDS

COMMELINIDS

BASAL DICOTS = CERATOPHYLLOPSIDA

EUDICOTS = ASTEROPSIDA

PERIPHERAL EUDICOTS

CORE EUDICOTS

ROSIDS

BASAL ROSIDS

EUROSIDS I

EUROSIDS II

ASTERIDS

BASAL ASTERIDS

EUASTERIDS I

EUASTERIDS II

CLASS NYMPHAEOPSIDA: BASAL ANGIOSPERM FAMILIES (3 ORDERS; 5-7 FAMILIES)

Carpel margins sealed by a secretion; carpels develop like a tube; elongate stigma (text with tooltip) The apex of the style, usually enlarged, on which the pollen grains land and germinate. with a short style (text with tooltip) The elongated potion of a carpel that bears the stigma at its tip. ; stamens show poor differentiation between the filament (text with tooltip) An elongated structure at the stalk of an anther. and anther (text with tooltip) The part of the stamen that produces pollen. ; pollen monosulcate (text with tooltip) A pollen grain with one groove or furrow. ; generally insect-pollinated; flowers actinomorphic (text with tooltip) Divisible through the center of the flower in several or many longitudinal planes such that the halves form mirror images in each case. with free floral parts; perianth (text with tooltip) A collective term for the outer, nonreproductive, parts of a flower, often differentiated into calyx and carolla. of tepals (text with tooltip) One of the petals or sepals of a flower in which the perianth segments closely resemble each other. ; fruits variable; usually without vessels (text with tooltip) Vessels are special xylem cells that have a large diameter and can move larger amounts of water than the smaller tracheids. Vessels, though found in the gnetophytes, are characteristic of the flowering plants. . This group, as are most basal groups, is paraphyletic. 3 orders

• ORDER AMBORELLALES
  • AMBORELLACEAE:
    • Amborella

• ORDER AUSTROBAILEYALES
  • AUSTROBAILEYACEAE:
    • Austrobaileya
  • Schisandraceae (includes :Illiciaceae -Star Anise family)
    • Schisandra, Kadsura.
    • Illicium.
  • Trimeniaceae:
    • Piptocalyx (=Trimenia), Trimenia

• ORDER CHLORANTHALES
  • CHLORANTHACEAE:
    • Ascarina, Chloranthus, Hedyosmum, Sarcandra

• ORDER NYMPHAEALES
  • Rhizomatous (text with tooltip) Plants having rhizomes (horizontal stems, often underground or on the surface of the ground, bearing scale-like leaves). aquatic herbaceous plants; vascular bundles (text with tooltip) One of the strands of tissue that conducts water and nutrients within the plant. Consists of xylem on the inside and phloem on the outside, separated by a layer of cambium. scattered with large canals. Flowers perfect (text with tooltip) A flower with both male and female reproductive structures that are functional. and actinomorphic with four to twelve tepals, whorls intergrading from peltaloid (text with tooltip) Petal-like or the petals and stamens in semi-double and double flowers. to stamenoid; stamens 3-many; pollen monosulcate or without apertures. Carpels three to many; stigmas elongate and radiate on an expanded disk; one to many ovules (text with tooltip) An ovule is a structure that contains the megagametophyte in seed plants. The megagametophyte remains within the megasporangium (the nucellus), which is surrounded by layers of integuments. After fertilization, the ovule develops into a seed. ; no nectaries. Fruits variable: berries (text with tooltip) A fleshy indehiscent fruit with the seed or seeds immersed in pulp. , capsules (text with tooltip) Bryophytes: The sporangium of the sporophyte; elevated by the seta. Flowering Plant Fruit-Type: A capsule is a dry dehiscent fruit which has more than one locule. , nuts (text with tooltip) A dry, one-seeded, indehiscent fruit with a woody pericarp. . Seeds operculate, endosperm (text with tooltip) The nutritive storage tissue that grows from the fusion of a sperm cell with polar nuclei in the embryo sac. present or absent; abundant perisperm. 1 family
  • Cabombaceae:
    • Brasenia, Cabomba
  • Hydatellaceae:
    • Trithuria (includes Hydatella)
  • NYMPHAEACEAE (includes Barclayaceae and Cabombaceae; Water Lily family):
    • Barclayea, Euryale, Nymphaea, Nuphar, Ondinea, Victoria.

CLASS MAGNOLIOPSIDA: MAGNOLIID COMPLEX (5 ORDERS; 18 FAMILIES)

Flowers usually with numerous spirally-arranged parts (or in whorls of three); stamens (text with tooltip) One of the male sex organs, usually consisting of anther and filament. laminar in the woody magnoliids, but well-differentiated in the herbaceous taxa. 4 orders

• ORDER CANELLALES
  • WINTERACEAE (Winter’s Bark family):
    • Drimys, Belliolum, Bubbia, Exospermum, Pseudowintera, Takhtajania, Tasmannia, Tetrathalamus, Zygogynum.
  • CANELLACEAE:
    • Canella, Capiscodendron, Cinnamodendron, Cinnamosma, Pleiodendron, Warburgia.

• ORDER PIPERALES
  • Aristolochiaceae (Dutchman’s Pipe family):
    • Apama, Aristolochia, Asarum, Euglypha, Holostylis, Saruma, Thottea.
  • Hydnoraceae:
    • Hydnora, Prosopanche.
  • Lactoridaceae:
    • Lactoris.
  • PIPERACEAE (Pepper family):
    • Verhuellia
    • Manekia, Zippellia
    • Piper, Peperomia
    • Circaeocarpus (= Zippellia), Lindeniopiper, Ottonia, Pothomorphe, Sarcorhachis, Trianaeopiper.
  • Saururaceae:
    • Anemopsis, Gymnotheca, Houttuynia, Saururus.

• ORDER LAURALES
  • Atherospermataceae:
    • Atherosperma, Daphnandra, Doryphora, Dryadodaphne, Laurelia, Laureliopsis, Nemuaron.
  • LAURACEAE (Laurel family):
    • Actinodaphne, Adenodaphne, Aiouea, Alseodaphne, Anaueria, Aniba, Apollonias, Aspidostemon, Beilschmiedia, Brassiodendron, Caryodaphnopsis, Chlorocardium, Cinnadenia, Cinnamomum, Clinostemon, Cryptocarya, Dehaasia, Dicypellium, Dodecadenia, Endiandra, Endlicheria, Eusideroxylon, Gamanthera, Hexapora, Hypodaphnis, Iteadaphne, Kubitzkia, Laurus, Licaria, Lindera, Litsea, Mezilaurus, Nectandra, Neocinnamomum, Neolitsea, Nothaphoebe, Ocotea, Paraia, Persea, Phoebe, Phyllostemonodaphne, Pleurothyrium, Potameia, Potoxylon, Povedadaphne, Ravensara, Rhodostemonodaphne, Sassafras, Syndiclis, Triadodaphne, Umbellularia, Urbanodendron, Williamodendron.
  • Calycanthaceae:
    • Calycanthus, Chimonanthus, Idiospermum, Sinocalycanthus
  • Gomortegaceae:
    • Gomortega
  • Hernandiaceae:
    • Hernandia, Illigera, Gyrocarpus, Hazomalania, Sparttanthelium (?).
  • Monimiaceae:
    • Austromatthaea, Decarydendron, Dryadodaphne, Ephippiandra, Faikea, Hedycarya, Hennecartia, Hortonia, Kairoa, Kibara, Kibaropsis, Lauterbachia, Levieria, Macropeplus, Macrotorus, Matthaea, Mollinedia, Monimia, Palmeria, Parakibara, Peumus, Steganthera, Tambourissa (Ambora), Tetrasynandra, Wilkiea, Xymalos.
  • Siparunaceae
    • Bracteanthus(?), Glossocalyx, Siparuna.

• ORDER MAGNOLIALES
  • Trees, shrubs or vines. No vessels. Leaves simple with stipules (text with tooltip) A leafy outgrowth, often in pairs, at the base of the petiole. . Perianth of free tepals. Stamens many and petaloid. Fruits (text with tooltip) Mature ovary with its enclosed seeds and sometimes external structures. usually follicles (text with tooltip) A dry fruit formed from a single carpel, containing more than 1 seed and splitting open along the suture. . This order contains 4 families, of which Magnoliaceae is the representative family.
  • Annonaceae (Pawpaw family):
    • Afroguatteria, Alphonsea, Ambavia, Anaxagorea, Ancana, Annickia, Annona, Anomianthus, Anonidium, Artabotrys, Asimina, Asteranthe, Balonga, Bocagea, Bocageopsis, Boutiquea, Cananga, Cardiopetalum, Chieniodendron, Cleistochlamys, Cleistopholis, Cremastosperma, Cyathocalyx, Cyathostemma, Cymbopetalum, Dasoclema, Dasymaschalon, Deeringothamnus, Dendrokingstonia, Dennettia, Desmopsis, Desmos, Diclinanona, Dielsiothamnus, Disepalum, Duckeanthus, Duguetia, Ellipeia, Ellipeiopsis, Enicosanthum, Ephedranthus, Exellia, Fissistigma, Fitzalania, Friesodielsia, Froesiodendron, Fusaea, Gilbertiella, Goniothalamus, Greenwayodendron, Guamia, Guatteria, Guatteriella, Guatteriopsis, Haplostichanthus, Heteropetalum, Hexalobus, Hornschuchia, Isolona, Letestudoxa, Lettowianthus, Malmea, Marsypopetalum, Meiocarpidium, Meiogyne, Melodorum, Mezzettia, Mezzettiopsis, Miliusa, Mischogyne, Mitrella, Mitrephora, Mkilua, Monanthotaxis, Monocarpia, Monocyclanthus, Monodora, Neostenanthera, Neo-uvaria, Oncodostigma, Onychopetalum, Ophrypetalum, Oreomitra,Orophea, Oxandra, Pachypodanthium, Papualthia, Petalolophus, Phaeanthus, Phoenicanthus, Piptostigma, Platymitra, Polyalthia, Polyaulax, Polyceratocarpus, Popowia, Porcelia, Pseudartabotrys, Pseudephedranthus, Pseudoxandra, Pseuduvaria, Pyramidanthe, Raimondia, Reedrollinsia, Richella, Rollinia, Ruizodendron, Sageraea, Sapranthus, Schefferomitra, Sphaerocoryne, Stelechocarpus, Stenanona, Tetrameranthus, Tetrapetalum, Toussaintia, Tridimeris, Trigynaea, Trivalvaria, Unonopsis, Uvaria, Uvariastrum, Uvariodendron, Uvariopsis, Woodiellantha, Xylopia.
  • Degeneriaceae:
    • Degeneria.
  • Eupomatiaceae:
    • Eupatomatia
  • Himantandraceae:
    • Galbulimima
  • MAGNOLIACEAE (Magnolia family): Plants stipulate; inflorescence (text with tooltip) The arrangement of flowers on a floral axis; a flower cluster. a solitary terminal flower which has an elongate receptacle (text with tooltip) The end of the stem which bears the flower parts. . Fruit an aggregate of follicles.
    • Elmerrillia, Kmeria, Liriodendron, Magnolia, Manglietia, Michelia, Pachylarnax.
  • Myristicaceae (Nutmeg family):
    • Bicniba, Brochoneura, Cephalosphaera, Coelocaryon, Compsoneura, Endocomia, Gymnacranthera, Haematodendron, Horsfieldia, Iryanthera, Knema, Mauloutchia, Myristica, Osteophloeum, Otoba, Pycnanthus, Scyphocephalium, Staudtia, Virola.

CLASS LILIOPSIDA: MONOCOTS (10 ORDERS; 61-70 FAMILIES)

Leaves with parallel veins; monocot condition in the seed; monosulcate pollen; three-merous flowers in two whorls. Atactostelic (text with tooltip) Characteristic of monocots, vascular bundles distributed throughout the ground tissue. stems.

THE NON-COMMELINOIDS THE BASAL MONOCOTS

• ORDER ACORALES
  • ACORACEAE
    • Acorus.

• ORDER ALISMATALES
  • This order is well defined by molecular analyses; however, morphological synapomorphies are unclear. A synapomorphy may be the occurrence of stems with small scales; glandular hairs within the sheathing leaf bases; extrorse anthers; and large embryo within the seed.
  • ALISMATACEAE (includes Limnocharitaceae; Water Plantain family): Perennial aquatic or semi-aquatic herbs. Much aerenchyma (text with tooltip) Tissue with well-developed air spaces between the cells. Characteristic of the roots and stems of water plants. . Xylem (text with tooltip) Xylem is vascular tissue that conducts water and functions when the cells are dead. Cell types include tracheids, xylem fibers, and vessels. sparsely lignified (text with tooltip) Lignified (adj) refers to cell walls, usually those of xylem and fiber cells, in which the cellulose wall is impregnated with lignin, a substance that serves to glue and stiffen the cellulose walls. ; vessels confined to roots (text with tooltip) A root is a plant axis without nodes and internodes, and it has a vascular stele that is different from that of the stem axis. . Vascular bundles scattered or in 2 concentric rings. Leaves alternate and clustered at the tip of the rhizome (text with tooltip) A rhizome is a creeping underground stem from which erect stem axes may emerge. ; somewhat ensheathing at the base; sometimes differentiated into petiole and blade. Inflorescence usually cymes or racemes (text with tooltip) An indeterminant inflorescence with pedicullate flowers. (rarely solitary). Flowers actinomorphic and 3-merous (3 green sepals (text with tooltip) Single segments of the calyx. and 3 white petals (text with tooltip) Single segments of the carolla. ); stamens 3-many. Pollen (text with tooltip) The collective mass of grains produced within the anthers of flowering plants or the male cones of a gymnosperm. In all seed plants, pollen is generated by the development of a microspore into a microgametophyte. The germination of the pollen grain leads to the development of a pollen tube, which delivers two sperm or sperm nuclei to the egg in the ovule. In flowering plants, mature microgametophyte has only two cells, a tube cell and a generative cell. usually with many pores. Gynoecium (text with tooltip) The female sexual organs (carpels) collectively. of 3-20 apocarpous (separate or unfused) pistils (text with tooltip) A single carpel in an apocarpous flower or the gynoecium in a syncarpous flower. , each with 1-many ovules.
    • Alisma, Alismaticarpum, Baldellia, Burnatia, Butomopsis, Caldesia, Damasonium, Echinodorus, Hydrocleys, Limnocharis, Limnophyton, Luronium, Machaerocarpus, Ranalisma, Sagisma, Sagittaria, Wiesneria.
  • Aponogetonaceae:
    • Aponogeton
  • ARACEAE (Arum family): Usually herbs, rarely vines or shrubs. Leaves alternate, basal (text with tooltip) A circular cluster of leaves at the base of a stem. . Petiole sheathing and the leaf blade expanded with reticulate or net veins. Inflorescence a spadix (text with tooltip) A spike with a fleshy axis, usually subtended by a special showy bract called a spathe. subtended by a spathe (a bract (text with tooltip) A reduced leaf, especially the small, scale-like leaves associated with a flower or flower cluster. ) with tiny perfect (text with tooltip) A flower with both male and female reproductive structures that are functional. or imperfect (text with tooltip) A flower with EITHER male OR female functional reproductive structures. flowers. Perianth often tiny or missing. Pollen grains 2-3 nucleate and usually 1 aperture. Gynoecium of 3 fused carpels. Fruit a berry or a multiple (text with tooltip) A fruit formed from an inflorescence and often including bracts. . Embryo large in copious oily endosperm.
    • Aroideae:
      • Aglaodorum, Aglaonema, , Alocasia, Ambrosina, Amorphophallus, Anchomanes, Anubias, Aridarum, Ariopsis, Arisaema, Arisarum, Arophyton, Arum, Asterostigma, Biarum, Bognera, Bucephalandra, Caladium, Callopsis, Carlephyton, Cercestis, Chlorospatha, Colletogyne, Colocasia, Cryptocoryne, Culcasia, Dieffenbachia, Dracunculus, Eminium, Filarum, Furtodoa, Gearum, Gonatanthus, Gorgonidium, , Hapaline, Helicodiceros, Heteroaridarum, Homalomena, Hottarum, Jasarum, Lagenandra, Mangonia, Montrichardia, Nephthytis, Peltandra, Philodendron, Phymatarum, Pinellia, Piptospatha, Pistia, Protarum, Pseudodracontium, Pseudohydrosme, Remusatia, Sauromatum, Scaphispatha, Schismatoglottis, Spathantheum, Spathicarpa, Steudnera, Stylochaeton, Synandrospadix, Syngonium, Taccarum, Theriophonum, Typhonium, Typhonodorum, Ulearum, Urospathella, Xanthosoma, Zantedeschia, Zomicarpa, Zomicarpella.
    • Calloideae:
      • Calla.
    • Gymnostachysdoideae:
      • Gymnostachys.
    • Lasioideae:
      • Anaphyllopsis, Anaphyllum, Cyrtosperma, Dracontioides, Dracontium, Lasia, Lasimorpha, Podolasia, Pycnospatha, Urospatha.
    • Lemnoideae:
      • Landoltia, Lemna, Spirodela, Wolffia, Wolffiella, Wolffiopsis.
    • Monsteroideae:
      • Alloschemone, Amydrium, Anadendrum, Epipremnum, Heteropsis, Holochlamys, Monstera, Raphidophora, Rhodospatha, Scindapsus, Spathiphyllum, Stenospermation.
    • Orontioideae:
      • Lysichiton, Orontium, Symplocarpus
    • Pothoideae:
      • Anthurium, Pedicellarum, Pothoidium, Pothos
    • Zamioculcadoideae:
      • Gonatopus, Zamiculcas
    • Butomaceae:
      • Butomus.
    • Cymodoceaceae:
      • Cymodocea, Halodule, Syringodium, Amphibolis, Thalassodendron.
    • Hydrocharitaceae (includes Najadaceae; Frog’s Bit family):
      • Apalanthe, Appertiella, Blyxa, Egeria, Elodea, Enhalus, Halophila, Hydrilla, Hydrocharis, Lagarosiphon, Limnobium, Maidenia, Nechamandra, Ottelia, Stratiotes, Thalassia, Vallisneria.
      • Najas.
    • Juncaginaceae:
      • Lilaea, Maundia, Tetroncium, Triglochin
    • Posidoniaceae:
      • Posidonia.
    • Potomogetonaceae (Pondweed family):
      • Althenia, Groenlandia, Lepilaena, Potamogeton, Stukenia, Zannichellia.
    • Ruppiaceae:
      • Ruppia.
    • Scheuchzeriaceae:
      • Scheuchzeria.
    • Tofieldiaceae:
      • Harperocallis, Pleea, Tofieldia, Triantha.
    • Zosteraceae:
      • Heterozostera(?), Phyllospadix, Zostera.

• ORDER PETROSAVIALES
  • Petrosaviaceae:
    • Japanolirion, Petrosavia

• ORDER DIOSCORIALES
  • Burmanniaceae:
    • Hexapterella, Campylosiphon, Burmannia, Cymbocarpa, Gymnosiphon, Miersiella, Marthella, Apteria, Dictyostega.
  • Dioscoriaceae (Yam family includes Taccaceae, Trichopodaceae):
    • Borderea, Dioscorea, Epipetrum, Rajania, Stenomeris, Tamus.
    • Tacca
    • Avetra, Trichopus
  • Nartheciaceae:
    • Narthecium, Nietneria, Aletris, Metanarthecium, Lophiola.

• ORDER PANDANALES
  • Cyclanthaceae:
    • Asplundia, Carludovica, Chorigyne, Cyclanthus, Dianthoveus, Dicranopygium, Evodianthus, Ludovia, Schultesiophytum, Sphaeradenia, Stelestylis, Thoracocarpus.
  • Pandanaceae:
    • Freycinetia, Martellidendron, Pandanus, Sararanga.
  • Stemonaceae:
    • Croomia, Stemona, Stichoneuron, Pentastemona.
  • Triuridaceae:
    • Andruris, Hyalisma, Kupea(?), Lacandonia, Peltophyllum, Sciaphila, Seychellaria, Soridium, Triuridopsis, Triuris
  • Velloziaceae:
    • Barbacenia, Vellozia, Xerophyta.

• ORDER LILIALES
  • Usually geophytic (text with tooltip) Herbaceous plant that perennates by means of underground buds. perennial herbs growing by bulbs or corms. Vessels confined to the roots. Leaves (text with tooltip) A leaf is a specialized appendage that grows from a stem, and usually is the primary photosynthetic organ. Such appendages are of three types: enations, microphylls, and macrophylls (=megaphylls). usually simple and entire. Tepals in 2 series of 3. Nectaries at the base of the tepals and filaments; no septal nectaries. Usually as many stamens as tepals; pollen binucleate. Gynoecium epigynous (text with tooltip) With the sepals, petals and stamens inserted near the top of the ovary. or hypogynous (text with tooltip) With the sepals, petals, and stamens attached to the receptacle or axis below the ovary. ; usually of 3 fused carpels. Fruit usually a capsule but often a berry or drupe (text with tooltip) A fleshy fruit containing one or more seeds, each with a stony endocarp. . Seeds (text with tooltip) Unit of sexual reproduction in some plants. Formed when an ovule is fertilized and comprised of outer coat that encloses stored food and an embryo. with abundant endosperm (hemicellulose, oil and protein). This order has 8 families, of which Liliaceae is the representative family.
  • Alstroemeriaceae:
    • Alistroemeria, Bomarea, Leontochir, Schickendantzia.
  • Campynemataceae:
    • Campynema, Campynemanthe
  • Colchicaceae:
    • Androcymbium, Anguillaria, Baeometra, Bulbocodium, Burchardia, Camptorrhiza, Colchicum, Disporum, Gloriosa, Hexacyrtis, Iphigenia, Kuntheria, Littonia, Merendera, Neodregea, Onixotis, Ornithoglossum, Sandersonia, Tripladenia, Uvularia, Wurmbea.
    • Kreysigia, Prosartes, Schelhammera, Scoliopus(?), Streptopus, Tricyrtis.
  • Corsiaceae:
    • Corsia, Corsiopsis.
  • LILIACEAE (Lily family): Geophyte herbs that grow from bulbs with contractile roots; megagametophyte develops from 4 megaspores such that the endosperm is pentaploid.
    • Calochortoideae:
      • Calichortus, Prosartes, Scoliopus, Streptopus, Tricyrtis.
    • Lilioideae:
      • Cardiocrinum, Erythronium, Fritillaria, Gagea, Lilium, Lloydia, Nomocharis, Notholirion, Tulipa.
    • Medeoloideae:
      • Clintonia, Medeola.
    • Melanthiaceae (Death Camas family):
      • Toxicoscordion (?), Anticlea (?), Aletris, Amianthium, Chamaelirium, Chionographis, Harperocallis, Helonias, Heloniopsis, Japonolirion, Lophiola, Melanthium, Metanarthecium, Narthecium, Nietneria, Protolirion, Schoenocaulon, Stenanthium, Trillium, Veratrum, Xerophyllum, Ypsilandra, Zigadenus.
    • Petermanniaceae:
      • Petermannia
    • Philesiaceae:
      • Philesia, Lapageria.
      • Ripogonaceae
      • Ripogonum
    • Smilacaceae (Catbrier family):
      • Heterosmilax, Pseudosmilax, Smilax.

• ORDER ASPARAGALES
  • This order has characteristic seeds in which the outer integument (text with tooltip) The outer covering of an ovule, which becomes the testa of the seed. is missing or reduced to a black phytomelan crust (a character that is lost in the orchids), Tepals are often without spots; nectaries are part of the ovulary (text with tooltip) Carpels that contain the seed. Riped ovularies are called fruits. (not at the base of the tepal). This order has 25 families and 26,800 species.
  • Amaryllidaceae (Amaryllis or Daffodil family includes Agapanthaceae, Alliaceae):
    • Agapanthus
    • Amaryllis, Ammocharis, Apodolirion, Bokkeveldia, Boophone, Bravoa, Brunsvigia, Caliphruria, Calostemma, Carpolyza, Chlidanthus, Choananthus, Clivia, Cooperia, Crinum, Cryptostephanus, Cybistetes, Cyrtanthus, Eucharis, Eucrosia, Eustephia, Galanthus, Gemmaria, Gethyllis, Griffinia, Habranthus, Haemanthus, Hannonia, Hessea, Hieronymiella, Hippeastrum, Hymenocallis, Ismene, Lapiedra, Leptochiton, Leucojum, Lycoris, Namaquanula, Narcissus, Nerine, Pamianthe, Pancratium, Paramongaia Phaedranassa, Phycella, Placea, Proiphys (Eurycles), Pucara, Pyrolirion, Rauhia, Rhodophiala, Scadoxus, Sprekelia, Stenomesson, Sternbergia, Strumaria, Tapeinanthus, Tedingea, Traubia, Ungernia, Urceolina, Vagaria, Vallota, Worsleya, Zephyranthes
    • Allium, Ancrumia, Androstephium, Behria, Bessera, Bloomeria, Brodiaea, Dandya, Dichellostemma, Diphalangium, Erinna, Garaventia, Gethyum, Gilliesia, Ipheion, Leucocoryne, Miersia, Milla, Milula, Nectaroscordum, Nothoscordum, Milla, Muilla, Pabellonia, Petronymphe, Schickendantziella, Solaria, Speea, Trichlora, Tristagma, Triteleia, Triteleiopsis, Tulbaghia, Zoellnerallium.
  • Asparagaceae (Asparagus family includes Agavaceae, Aphyllanthaceae, Hesperocallidaceae, Hyacinthaceae, Laxmanniaceae, Rusaceae, Themidaceae):
    • Asparagus, Hemiphylacus, Myrsiphyllum, Protasparagus.
    • Agave, Anemarrhena, Anthericum, Arnocrinum, Behnia, Beschorneria, Bravoa, = Polianthes, Camassia, Chlorogalum, Chlorophytum, Clistoyucca = Yucca, Comospermum, Corynotheca, Dichopogon, Diora, Echeandia, Eremocrinum, Furcraea, Hagenbachia, Hastingsia, Hensmania, Herpolirion, Herreria, Herreriopsis, Hesperaloe, Hesperoyucca = Yucca, Hodgsoniola, Hosta, Leucocrinum, Littaea = Agave, Manfreda = Agave, Paradisea, Polianthes, Prochnyanthes, Pseudobravoa = Polianthes, Samuela = Yucca, Yucca.
    • Aphyllanthes.
    • Hesperocallis.
    • Albuca, Alrawia, Amphisiphon, Androsiphon, Barnardia, Battandiera, Bellevalia, Brimeura, Bowiea, Camassia, Chionodoxa, Chlorogalum, Daubenya, Dipcadi, Drimia, Drimiopsis, Eliokarmos, Eucomis, Fortunatia, Galtonia, Hyacynthella, Hyacynthoides (= Endymion), Hyacynthus, Lachenalia, Ledebouria, Leopoldia, Litanthus, Massonia, Muscari, Muscarimia, Neobakeria, Neopatersonia, Ornithogalum, Periboea, Paradisea (or Asphodelaceae?), Polyxena, Pseudogaltonia, Puschkinia, Resnova, Rhadamanthus, Rhodocodon, Schizobasis, Schizocarphus, Schoenolirion, Scilla, Tenicroa, Thuranthos, Urginea, Veltheimia, Whiteheadia.
    • Acanthocarpus, Arthropodium, Chamaescilla, Chamaexeros, Cordyline, Eustrephus, Laxmannia, Lomandra, Murchisonia, Romnalda, Sowerbaea, Thysanotus, Trichopetalum, Xerolirion,
    • Dracaena, Polygonatum, Sansevieria, Maianthemum, Ophiopogon, Nolina, Convallaria, Dasylirion, Liriope.
    • Hosta, Camassia, Chlorogalum, Hastingsia, Hesperoyucca, Schoenolirion, Agave, Beschorneria, Furcraea, Hesperaloë, Littaea, Manfreda, Polianthes, Prochnyanthes, Yucca.
    • Themida.
  • Asteliaceae:
    • Astelia, Collospermum, Milligania, Neoastelia.
  • Blandfordiaceae:
    • Blandfordia.
  • Boryaceae:
    • Borya, Alania.
  • Doranthaceae:
    • Doryanthes
  • Hypoxidaceae:
    • Hypoxis, Spiloxene, Curculigo, Molineria, Hypoxidia, Empodium, Rhodohypoxis, Pauridia, Saniella.
  • Iridaceae (Iris family):
    • Ainea, Alophia, Anomatheca, Aristea, Babiana, Barnardiella, Belamcanda, Bobartia, Calydorea, Cardenanthus, Chasmanthe, Cipura, Cobana, Crocosmia, Crocus, Cypella, Devia, Dierama, Dietes, Diplarrhena, Duthiastrum, Eleutherine, Ennealophus, Ferraria, Fosteria, Freesia, Galaxia, Geissorhiza, Gelasine, Geosiris, Gladiolus, Gynandriris, Herbertia, Hermodactylus, Hesperantha, Hesperoxiphion, Hexaglottis, Homeria, Homoglossum, Iris, Isophysis, Ixia, Kelissa, Klattia, Lapeirousia, Lethia, Libertia, Mastigostyla, Melasphaerula, Micranthus, Moraea, Nemastylis, Neomarica, Nivenia, Olsynium, Onira, Orthrosanthus, Pardanthopsis, Patersonia, Pillansia, Pseudotrimezia, Radinosiphon, Rheome, Roggeveldia, Romulea, Savannosiphon, Schizostylis, Sessilanthera, Sisyrinchium, Solenomelus, Sparaxis, Sympa, Syringodea, Tapeina, Thereianthus, Tigridia, Trimezia, Tritonia, Tritoniopsis, Tucma, Watsonia, Wisenia, Zygotritonia.
  • Ixioliriaceae:
    • Ixiolirion
  • Lanariaceae:
    • Lanaria.
  • ORCHIDACEAE (Orchid family): Usually epiphytic (text with tooltip) A plant that grows on another plant but does not derive nourishment from it. , geophytic or terrestrial herbs. They are strongly mycotrophic. Leaves usually with an ensheathing leaf base; but sometimes the leaf is highly modified. Flowers (text with tooltip) The reproductive organ of angiosperm plants. usually strongly zygomorphic (text with tooltip) Bilaterally symmetric. Divisible through the center of the flower into mirror images. , epigynous; 3-merous; often with only 1-2 stamens. Pollen binucleate and monosulcate (or exine lacking entirely). Gynoecium of 3 fused carpels; the fruit is capsular. Seeds are very numerous and tiny, without endosperm; embryo usually of only a few cells (thus, usually cotyledon undifferentiated). Orchidaceae is a very large and diverse family (~775 genera and >21,950 species). Thus, I have organized the following representative genera according to subfamily groupings, and accepted tribes within the subfamilies.
    • Apostasoideae:
      • Apostasia, Neuwiedia.
    • Cypripedioideae:
      • Calceolaria, Calceolus, Ciripedium, Criogenes, Cypripedium, Fissipes, Hypodema, Menephora, Paphiopedilum, Sacodon, Schizopedium, Stimegas
      • Mexipedium
      • Phragmipedium, Uropedium
      • Selenipedium
      • Phragmipaphium
    • Vanilloideae:
      • Cleistes, Duckeella, Isotria, Pogonia, Pogoniopsis
      • Clematepistephium, Cyrtosia, Dictyophyllaria, Epistephium, Eriaxis, Erythrorchis, Galeola, Lecanorchis, Pseudovanilla, Vanilla
    • Orchidoideae:
      • Diceratostele
      • Codonorchis
      • Aa, Aenhenrya, Altensteinia, Anoectochilus, Aracamunia, Aspidogyne, Aulosepalum, Baskervilla, Beloglottis, Brachystele, Buchtienia, Chamaegastrodia, Cheirostylis, Coccineorchis, Cotylolabium, Cranichis, Cybebus, Cyclopogon, Cystorchis, Danhatchia, Dassinia, Degranvillea, Deiregyne, Dichromanthus, Discyphus, Eltroplectris, Eurystyles, Erythrodes, Eurycentrum, Exalaria, Fuertesiella, Funkiella, Galeottiella, Gomphichis, Gonatostylis, Goodyera, Halleorchis, Hapalorchis, Helonoma, Herpysma, Hetaeria, Hylophila, Kionophyton, Kreodanthus, Kuhlhasseltia, Lepidogyne, Lageophila, Lankesterella, Ludisia, Lyroglossa, Macodes, Manniella, Meliorchis (extinct), Mesadenella, Mesadenus, Microchilus, Microthelys, Myrmechis, Myrosmodes, Nothostele, Odontochilus, Odontorrhynchus, Orchipedum, Pachyplectron, Papuaea, Pelexia, Physogyne, Platylepis, Platythelys, Ponthieva, Porphyrostachys, Prescottia, Pseudocentrum, Pseudocranichis, Pseudogoodyera, Pteroglossa, Pterichis, Pterostylis, Rhamphorhynchus, Rhomboda, Sacoila, Sarcoglottis, Sauroglossum, Schiedeella, Skeptrostachys, Solenocentrum, Spiranthes, Stalkya, Stenoptera, Stenorrhynchos, Stephanothelys, Svenkoeltzia, Thelyschista, Veyretia, Vrydagzynea, Wallnoeferia, Zeuxine
      • Brownleea, Ceratandra, Corycium, Disa, Disperis, Evotella, Huttonaea, Pachites, Pterygodium, Satyrium, Schizodium
      • Acianthus, Adenochilus, Aporostylis, Arthrochilus, Bipinnula, Burnettia, Caladenia, Calaena, Calochilus, Chiloglottis, Chloraea, Coilochilus, Corybas, Cyanicula, Cryptostylis, Cyrtostylis, Diuris, Drakaea, Elythranthera, Epiblema, Ericksonella, Eriochilus, Gavilea, Genoplesium, Geoblasta, Glossodia, Leporella, Leptoceras, Lyperanthus, Megastylis, Megastylis, Microtis, Myrmechila, Orthoceras, Pheladenia, Praecoxanthus, Prasophyllum, Pyrorchis, Rimacola, Spiculaea, Stigmatodactylus, Thelymitra, Townsonia, Waireia
      • Aceratorchis, Amerorchis, Amitostigma, Anacamptis, Androcorys, Barlia, Bartholina, Benthamia, Bonatea, Brachycorythis, Centrostigma, Chamorchis, Chondradenia, Comperia, Cynorchis, Dactylorhiza, Diphylax, Diplomeris, Dracomonticola, Galearis, Gennaria, Gymnadenia, Habenaria, Hemipilia, Herminium, Himantoglossum, Holothrix, Megalorchis, Neobolusia, Neotinea, Neottianthe, Oligophyton, Ophrys, Orchis, Pecteilis, Peristylus, Physoceras, Platanthera, Platycoryne, Ponerorchis, Porolabium, Pseudorchis, Roeperocharis, Schizochilus, Serapias, Smithorchis, Stenoglottis, Steveniella, Symphyosepalum, Thulinia, Traunsteinera, Tylostigma, Veyretella
    • Epidendroideae:
      • Acanthephippium, Ancistrochilus, Anthogonium, Arethusa, Arundina, Bletia, Bletilla, Calanthe, Calopogon, Cephalantheropsis, Chysis, Coelia, Eleorchis, Eriodes, Hancockia, Hexalectris, Ipsea, Mischobulbum, Nephelaphyllum, Pachyne, Pachystoma, Phaius, Plocoglottis, Sobralia, Spathoglottis, Tainia, Thunia
      • Aplectrum, Calypso, Tipularia
      • Cryptarrhena
      • Adrorhizon, Coelogyne, Dendrochilum, Pleione
      • Acianthera, Acostaea, Agrostophyllum Anathallis, Barbosella, Barbrodria, Barkeria, Brachionidium, Brassavola, Brassocattleya, Brassoepidendrum, Brassolaeliocattleya, Broughtonia, Cattleya, Cattleytonia, Caularthron, Chamelophyton, Condylago, Dilomilis, Draconanthes, Dracula, Dresslerella, Dryadella, Earina, Echinosepala, Encyclia, Epicattleya, Epidendrum, Epilaeliocattleya, Frondaria, Glomera, Guarianthe, Hawkinsara, Hexisea, Isochilus, Jostia, Laelia, Laeliocatonia, Laeliocattleya, Lepanthes, Lepanthopsis, Leptotes, Luerella, Masdevallia, Meiracyllium, Myoxanthus, Myrmecophila, Neocogniauxia, Octomeria, Ophidion, Otaara, Pabstiella, Phloeophila, Platystele, Pleurothallis, Porroglossum, Potinara, Restrepia, Restrepiella, Rhyncholaelia, Salpistele, Scaphosepalum, Schombocattleya, Schomburgkia, Sophrocattleya, Sophrolaelia, Sophrolaeliocattleya, Sophronitis, Specklinia, Stelis, Teagueia, Tomzanonia, Trichosalpinx, Trisetella, Zootrophion
      • Epipogium, Stereosandra
      • Cryptanthemis, Didymoplexis, Gastrodia, Nervilia, Rhizanthella
      • Liparis, Malaxis
      • Aphyllorchis, Cephalanthera, Epipactis, Limodorum, Listera
      • Acrochaene, Appendicula, Bulbophyllum, Cadetia, Ceratostylis, Chaseella, Chilopogon, Cirrhopetalum, Codonosiphon, Dendrobium, Diplocaulobium, Drymoda, Epiblastus, Epicrianthes, Epigeneium, Eria, Ferruminaria, Flickingeria, Hapalochilus, Ione, Mastigion, Monomeria, Monosepalum, Osyricera, Pedilochilus, Phreatia, Podochilus, Pseuderia, Rhynchophreatia, Rhytionanthos, Saccoglossum, Sarcostoma, Sunipia, Synarmosepalum, Tapeinoglossum, Trias, Trichotosia, Vesicisepalum
      • Corymborkis, Tropidia
      • Xerorchis
    • Higher Epidendroideae:
      • Acriopsis, Ada, Aliceara, Ansellia, Aspasia, Bakerara, Beallara, Bifrenidium, Brassia, Brassidium, Bromheadia, Burrageara, Catasetum, Cochlioda, Colmanara, Comparettia, Cycnoches, Cymbidiella, Cymbidium, Cymphiella, Cyrtellia, Cyrtopodium, Degarmoara, Dipodium, Eulocymbidiella, Eulophia, Galeandra, Galeansellia, Grammatophyllum, Graphiella, Howeara, Maclellanara, Miltassia, Miltonia, Miltonidium, Miltoniopsis, Mormodes, Lockhartia, Notylia, Odontobrassia, Odontocidium, Odontoglossum, Odontonia, Oncidium, Pachyphyllum, Psychopsis, Rodricidium, Rodriguezia, Thecostele, Trichocentrum, Trichopilia, Trichocidium, Vuylstekeara, Wilsonara
      • Abdominea, Acampe, Adenoncos, Aerangis, Aeranthes, Aerides, Aeridovanda, Amesiella, Ancistrorhynchus, Angraecopsis, Angraecum, Arachnis, Aranda, Ascocenda, Ascocentrum, Ascofinetia, Ascoglossum, Asconopsis, Beclardia, Bolusiella, Bonniera, Calyptrochilum, Chamaeangis, Campylocentrum, Chiloschista, Christieara, Cleisostoma, Cribbia, Cryptopus, Cyrtorchis, Dendrophylax Diaphananthe, Doritaenopsis, Doritis, Euanthe, Eurychone, Gastrochilus, Hederorkis, Imerinaea, Jumellea, Lemurella, Lemurorchis, Listrostachys, Luisia, Microcoelia, Microterangis, Mystacidium, Neobathiea, Neobenthamia, Neofinetia, Oeonia, Oeoniella, Opsistylis, Paraphalaenopsis, Perreiraara, Phalaenopsis, Podangis, Polystachya, Rangaeris, Renanstylis, Renantanda, Renanthera, Renanthopsis, Rhipidoglossum, Rhynchostylis, Rhynchovanda, Robiquetia, Sarcochilus, Sobennikoffia, Solenangis, Sphyrarhynchus, Trichoglottis, Tridactyle, Vanda, Vandaenopsis,Vandopsis, Vascostylis, Ypsilopus
      • Acineta, Aganisia, Aitkenara, Aplectrum, Anguloa, Batemannia, Bateostylis, Bifrenaria, Bollea, Bollopetalum, Braemia, Cheiradenia, Chondrobollea, Chondrorhyncha, Chrysocycnis, Cirrhaea, Cochella, Cochleanthes, Cochlecaste, Cochlenia, Cochlepetalum, Coeliopsis, Colax, Corallorrhiza, Coryanthes, Cyrtidium, Darwiniella, Dichaea, Dipterostele, Downsara, Durutyara, Embreea, Gongora, Hamelwellsara, Hofmeisterella, Horichia, Houlletia, Huntleya, Huntleanthes, Jennyella, Kanzerara, Keferanthes, Kegeliella, Kefersteinia, Lacaena, Lueddemannia, Lancebirkara, Lycaste, Lycomormium, Neomoorea, Maxillaria, Mormolyca, Ornithocephalus, Otocolax, Otonisia, Otostylis, Pabstia, Palmerara, Paphinia, Peristeria Pescatoria, Pityphyllum, Polycycnis, Promenaea, Rotorara, Rudolfiella, Schlimia, Scuticaria, Sepalosaccus, Sievekingia, Soterosanthus, Stanhopea, Stellilabium, Stenia, Telipogon, Trichoceros Teuscheria, Trevoria, Trigonidium, Vargasiella, Vasqueziella, Warrea, Xylobium, Zygocaste, Zygolum, Zygonisia, Zygopetalum, Zygostates, Zygostylis
    • Unassigned:
      • Monophyllorchis, Triphora
      • Wullschlaegelia
    • Tecophilaeaceae:
      • Conanthera, Cyanastrum, Cyanella, Kabuyea, Lanaria, Odontostomum, Tecophilaea, Walleria, Zephyra.
      • Xanthorrhoeaceae (includes Asphodelaceae, Hemerocalliddaceae):
      • Xanthorrhoea.
      • Aloe, Hawthoria, Gasteria, Kniphofia, Bulbine.
      • Agrostocrinum, Dianella, Eccremis, Hemerocallis, Phormium, Stypandra, Thelionema.
    • Xeronemataceae:
      • Xeronema.

COMMELINOID CLADE

• Dasypogonaceae:
  • Baxteria, Calectasia, Dasypogon, Kingia.

• ORDER ARECALES
  • Mostly slender trees or stout shrubs with an unbranched trunk covered by persistent leaf bases. Leaves evergreen, alternate and very large with a basal sheath, a petiole and an expanded pinnately parallel blade. The blade may be either pinnately or palmately compound, no axillary buds. Inflorescenses large, paniculate and subtended by 1 or more spathes. Flowers perfect or imperfect; monoecious or dioecious. Flowers actinomorphic; 3 sepals and 3 petals; 6 stamens in 2 series of 3. Gynoecium a compound pistil of 3 fused carpels. Fruits berries or drupes. Endosperm large and embryo very small. This order has only 1 family.
  • ARECACEAE (Palmae; Palm family):
    • Arecoideae:
      • Acanthophoenix, Acoelorrhaphe, Actinokentia, Actinorhytis, Adonidia, Alloschmidia, Alsmithia, Archontophoenix, Areca, Balaka, Basselinia, Bentinckia, Brassiophoenix, Brongniartikentia, Burretiokentia, Calyptrocalyx, Campecarpus, Carpentaria, Carpoxylon, Chambeyronia, Clinosperma, Clinostigma, Colpothrinax, Cyphokentia, Cyphophoenix, Cyphosperma, Cyrtostachys, Deckenia, Dictyosperma, Dransfieldia, Drymophloeus, Dypsis, Euterpe, Hedyscepe, Heterospathe, Howea, Hydriastele, Hyospathe, Iguanura, Kentiopsis, Laccospadix, Lavoixia, Lemurophoenix, Leopoldinia, Lepidorrhachis, Linospadix, Loxococcus, Manicaria, Marojejya, Masoala, Moratia, Nenga, Neonicholsonia, Neoveitchia, Nephrosperma, Normanbya, Oenocarpus, Oncosperma, Orania, Pelagodoxa, Phoenicophorium, Physokentia, Pinanga, Ponapea, Prestoea (syn. , artinezia), Ptychococcus, Ptychosperma, Reinhardtia, Rhopaloblaste, Rhopalostylis, Roscheria, Roystonea – Royal palm, Satakentia, Sclerosperma, Siphokentia, Solfia, Sommieria, Tectiphiala, Veillonia, Veitchia, Verschaffeltia, Wettinella, Wodyetia
      • Acrocomia, Aiphanes, Allagoptera (incl. Diplothemium), Astrocaryum, Attalea, Bactris, Barcella, Beccariophoenix, Butia – Pindo or Jelly Palm, Cocos – Coconut, Desmoncus, Elaeis, Jubaea, Jubaeopsis, Lytocaryum, Parajubaea, Polyandrococos, Scheelea, Syagrus, Voanioala, omeae, Asterogyne, Calyptrogyne, Calyptronoma, Geonoma, Pholidostachys, Welfia.
      • Chamaedorea, Gaussia, Hyophorbe, Synechanthus, Wendlandiella.
      • Dictyocaryum, Iriartea, Iriartella, Socratea, Wettinia
      • Podococcus
    • Calamoideae:
      • Calamus, Calospatha, Ceratolobus, Daemonorops, Eleiodoxa, Eremospatha, Eugeissona, Korthalsia, Laccosperma, Metroxylon, Myrialepis, Oncocalamus, Pigafetta, Plectocomia, Plectocomiopsis, Pogonotium, Raphia – Raffia palm, Retispatha, Salacca.
      • Lepidocaryum, Mauritia, Mauritiella.
    • Ceroxyloideae:
      • Ceroxylon, Juania, ,Oraniopsis Ravenea
      • Ammandra, Aphandra, Phytelephas.
      • Pseudophoenix
    • Coryphoideae:
      • Bismarckia, Borassodendron, Borassus, Hyphaene (including the doum palm), Latania, Lodoicea, Medemia, Satranala, Tribe Chuniophoeniceae (newer classification), Chuniophoenix, Kerriodoxa, Nannorrhops, Tahina, Tribe Caryoteae, Arenga, Caryota, Wallichia, Acoelorrhaphe, Brahea, Chamaerops, Chelyocarpus, Coccothrinax, Colpothrinax, Copernicia – Carnauba wax palm, Corypha, Cryosophila, Guihaia, Hemithrinax, Itaya, Johannesteijsmannia, Leucothrinax, Licuala, Livistona, Maxburretia, Pholidocarpus, Pritchardia, Pritchardiopsis, Rhapidophyllum – Needle Palm, Rhapis, Sabal – Palmetto, Schippia, Serenoa – Saw Palmetto, Thrinax, Trachycarpus, Trithrinax, Washingtonia, Zombia.
      • Phoenix
    • Nypoideae:
      • Nypa

• ORDER COMMELINALES
  • Commelinaceae (Spiderwort family):
    • Aetheolirion, Amischotolpe, Aneilema: 65 species, Anthericopsis, Belosynapsis, Buforrestia, Callisia, Cochliostema, Coleotrype, Commelina. Cyanotis: Dichorisandra, Dictyospermum, Elasis, Floscopa, Geogenanthus, Gibasis, Gibasoides, Matudanthus, Murdannia, Palisota, Plowmanianthus, Polyspatha, Pseudoparis, Rhopalephora, Sauvallea, Siderasis, Spatholirion, Stanfieldiella, Streptolirion, Thyrsanthemum, Tinantia, Tradescantia (Includes the species formerly classified in the genera Campelia, Cymbispatha, Mandonia, Neomandonia, Neotreleasea, Rhoeo, Separotheca, Setcreasea, Treleasea and Zebrina), Tricarpelema, Tripogandra, Weldenia,
    • Cartonema, Triceratella
  • Haemodoraceae (Bloodwort family):
    • Anigozanthos, Barberetta, Blancoa, Conostylis, Dilatris, Haemodorum, Lachnanthes, Macropidia, Phlebocarya, Pyrrhorhiza, Schiekia, Tribonanthes, Wachendorfia, Xiphidium.
  • Hanguanaceae:
    • Hanguana
  • Philydraceae:
    • Helmholtzia, Philydrum, Philydrella.
  • Pontederiaceae (Water Hyacinth family):
    • Eichornia, Eurystemon, Heteranthera, Hydrothrix, Monochoria, Pontederia, Reussia, Scholleropsis, Zosterella.

• ORDER POALES
  • The monophyly of this group is well supported. Morphological synapomorphies include silica bodies in the epidermis, styles separate or strongly branched, no septal nectaries or raphide crystals. This order has 18 families and 14,500 species.
  • Anarthriaceae:
    • Anarthria, Hopkinsia, Lyginia.
  • BROMELIACEAE (Bromeliad family): Usually epiphytic herbs (sometimes terrestrial). Leaves alternate and forming a rosette, many of which are adapted to collecting rain water. Flowers perfect, well adapted to insect pollination. Pollen with 2-3 pores. Fruit usually fleshy (a berry) or a capsule. Embryo variable, small to large; with copious, mealy endosperm.
    • Bromeleoideae:
      • Acanthostachys, Aechmea, Ananas, Androlepis, Araeococcus, Billbergia, Bromelia, Canistropsis, Canistrum, Cryptanthus, Deinacanthon, Disteganthus, Edmundoa, Eduandrea, Fascicularia, Fernseea, Greigia, Hohenbergia, Hohenbergiopsis, Lymania, Neoglaziovia, Neoregelia, Nidularium, Ochagavia, Orthophytum, Portea, Pseudaechmea, Pseudananas, Quesnelia, Ronnbergia, Ursulaea, Wittrockia
    • Pitcairnioideae:
      • Brewcaria, Brocchinia, Connellia, Cottendorfia, Deuterocohnia, Dyckia, Encholirium, Fosterella, Hechtia, Lindmania, Navia, Pepinia, Pitcairnia, Puya, Sequencia, Steyerbromelia.
    • Tillsandioideae:
      • Alcantarea, Catopsis, Glomeropitcairnia, Guzmania, Mezobromelia, Racinaea, Tillandsia, Vriesea, Werauhia.
  • Centrolepidaceae:
    • Aphelia, Brizula, Centrolepis, Gaimardia.
  • CYPERACEAE (Sedge family):These plants are herbs, usually of wetlands. Stems typically triangular in cross section (the mnemonic that I learned as an undergraduate was Sedges have wedges); leaves are alternate and 3-ranked; the base of the leaf is a closed sheath around the stem and continues with a free blade (as in the grasses). The inflorescence is a spikelet (as in the grasses). The flowers may be perfect or imperfect, in which case the plant is monoecious. The flowers are subtended by bracts and the tepals are reduced to scales, if present. The androecium is usually of 1-3 stamens. The gynoecium is of 2-3 fused pistils. The fruit is an achene or nutlet. The family has 104 genera and 4,500 species.
    • Cyperoideae:
      • Abildgaardia, Actinoschoenus, Arthrostylis, Bulbostylis, Crosslandia, Fimbristylis, Nelmesia, Nemum, Stenophyllus, Trachystylis, Trichoschoenus.
      • Becquerelia, Bisboeckelera, Diplacrum.
      • Carex, Cymophyllus, Kobresia, Schoenoxiphium, Uncinia.
      • Cladium, Rhynchocladium.
      • Cephalocarpus, Didymiandrum, Everardia, Exochogyne, Lagenocarpus.
      • Alinula, Androtrichum, Ascolepis, Ascopholis, Chamaexiphium, Courtoisina, Cyperus, Desmoschoenus, Ficinia, Hellmuthia, Isolepis, Karinia, Kyllinga, Kyllingiella, Lipocarpha, Marisculus, Mariscus, Oxycaryum, Pycreus, Queenslandiella, Remirea, Scirpoides, Sphaerocyperus, Volkiella.
      • Blysmus, Dulichium.
      • Egleria, Eleocharis, Heleocharis, Websteria.
      • Actinoscirpus, Bolboschoenus, Fuirena, Pseudoschoenus, Schoenoplectiella, Schoenoplectus.
      • Pleurostachys, Rhynchospora, Syntrinema.
      • Asterochaete, Baumea, Calyptrocarya, Capeobolus, Carpha, Caustis, Costularia, Cyathochaeta, Cyathocoma, Epischoenus, Evandra, Gahnia, Lepidosperma, Machaerina, Mesomelaena, Morelotia, Neesenbeckia, Oreobolus, Ptilothrix, Reedia, Schoenus, Tetraria, Trianoptiles, Tricostularia.
      • Amphiscirpus, Cypringlea, Eriophorum, Erioscirpus, Oreobolopsis, Phylloscirpus, Scirpus, Sumatroscirpus, Trichophorum, Zameioscirpus.
      • Scleria.
      • Afrotrilepis, Coleochloa, Microdracoides, Trilepis.
    • Mapanioideae:
      • Capitularina, Chorizandra, Chrysitrix, Exocarya, Lepironia.
      • Diplasia, Hypolytrum, Mapania, Paramapania, Principina, Scirpodendron, Thoracostachyum.
  • Ecdeiocoleaceae:
    • Ecdeiocolea, Georgeantha
  • Eriocaulaceae (Pipewort family):
    • Blastocaulon, Mesanthemum, Paepalanthus, Philodice, Rhondonanthus, Eriocaulon, Syngonanthus, Leiothrix, Lachnocaulon, Tonina.
  • Flagellariaceae:
    • Flagellaria.
  • Joinvilleaceae:
    • Joinvillea
  • Juncaceae (Rush family):
    • Andesia, Juncus, Luzula, Prionium, Rostkovia, Marsippospermum, Oxychloe, Patosia, Distichia.
  • Mayacaceae:
    • Mayaca.
  • POACEAE (Gramineae; Grass family): Perennial herbs (rarely annual); sometimes woody, but always without secondary growth. Cell walls often contain silica. Leaves in 2 ranks (text with tooltip) Two-ranked means that leaves emerge from the stem on two sides of the stem only. This does not mean that the leaves are opposite (a condition in which two leaves emerge at each node). Example, grasses are two-ranked. with a basal sheath and a narrow parallel-veined blade; an adaxial ligule (text with tooltip) Ligules are small leaf-like appendages in the axils of certain microphyll-bearing plants. is usually present at the junction of the sheath and blade. Flowers very small and organized into spikes (text with tooltip) An indeterminate inflorescence with sessile flowers. or spikelets (text with tooltip) Unit of the inflorescence in grasses. Consists of one or more flower, subtended by a common pair of glumes. which are organized into secondary inflorescences. Flowers perfect or imperfect; enclosed between a pair of scales. Pollen grains trinucleate and with one aperture. This is an enormous family that includes the most economically important food species (sugar cane and almost all of the grains). The family is so large that I have listed the following genera according to subfamily according to the Grass Phylogeny Working Group (2001).
    • Anomochlooideae:
      • Anomochloa, Streptochaeta
    • Pharoideae:
      • Leptaspis, Pharus
    • Puelioideae:
      • Guaduella, Puelia
    • BEP Clade
    • Bambusoideae:
      • Actinocladum, Alvimia, Apoclada, Arthrostylidium, Athroostachys, Atractantha, Aulonemia (Matudacalamus), Colanthelia, Elytrostachys, Glaziophyton, Merostachys, Myriocladus, Rhipidocladum.
      • Acidosasa, Ampelocalamus, Arundinaria, Borinda, Chimonocalamus, Drepanostachyum (Himalayacalamus), Fargesia, Ferrocalamus, Gaoligongshania, Gelidocalamus, Indocalamus, Oligostachyum, Pseudosasa, Sasa, Thamnocalamus, Yushania.
      • Bambusa (Dendrocalamopsis), Bonia (Monocladus), Dendrocalamus (Klemachloa, Oreobambos, Oxynanthera or Sinocalamus), Dinochloa, Gigantochloa, Holttumochloa, Kinabaluchloa (Maclurochloa, Soejatmia), Melocalamus, Sphaerobambos, Thyrsostachys.
      • Chusquea, Neurolepis.
      • Eremocaulon, Guadua, Olmeca, Otatea.
      • Cephalostachyum, Davidsea, Leptocanna, Melocanna, Neohouzeaua, Ochlandra, Pseudostachyum, Schizostachyum, Teinostachyum.
      • Decaryochloa, Greslania, Hickelia, Hitchcockella, Nastus, Perrierbambus.
      • Racemobambos (Neomicrocalamus, Vietnamosasa)
      • Chimonobambusa, Indosasa, Phyllostachys, Qiongzhuea, Semiarundianria (Brachystachyum), Shibataea, Sinobambusa, Temburongia (incertae sedis).
      • Guaduella.
      • Puelia.
    • Ehrhartoideae: Oryza, Leersia, Zizania, Zizaniopsis, Luziola, Hydrochloa.
      • Diarrhena.
      • Ehrharta, Microlaena, Petriella, Tetrarrhena.
      • Agnesia, Arberella, Buergersiochloa, Cryptochloa, Diandrolyra, Ekmanochloa, Froesiochloa, Lithachne, Maclurolyra, Mniochloa, Olyra (plant), Pariana, Parodiolyra, Piresia, Piresiella, Raddia, Raddiella, Rehia, Reitzia, Sucrea.
      • Chikusichloa, Hydrochloa, Hygroryza, Leersia, Luziola, Maltebrunia, Oryza, Porteresia, Potamophila, Prosphytochloa, Rhynchoryza, Zizania, Zizaniopsis.
      • Phaenosperma.
      • Leptaspis, Pharus, Scrotochloa, Suddia.
      • Humbertochloa, Phyllorhachis.
      • Streptogyna.
    • Pooideae:
      • Brachypodium
      • Boissiera, Bromus
      • Aegilops, Agropyron, Amblyopyrum, Australopyrum, Cockaynea, Crithopsis, Dasypyrum, Elymus, Elytrigia, Eremopyrum, Festucopsis, Henrardia, Heteranthelium, Hordelymus, Hordeum, Hysterix, Kengyilia, Leymus, Lophopyrum, Malacurus, Pascopyrum, Peridictyon, Psathyrostachys, Pseudoroegneria, Secale, Sitanion, Taeniatherum, Thinopyrum, Triticum
      • Agrostis, Aira, Airopsis, Alopecurus, Ammochloa, Ammophila, Amphibromus, Ancistragrostis, Aniselytron, Anthoxanthum, Antinoria, Apera, Arrhenatherum, Avellinia, Avena, Avenula, Beckmannia, Calamagrostis, Chaetopogonl, Cinna, Cornucopiae, Corynephorus, Cyathopus, Danthoniastrus, Deschampsia, Deyeuxia, Dichelachne, Dielsiochloa, Duthiea, Echinopogon, Euthryptochloa, Gastridium, Gaudinia, Gaudiniopsis, Graphephorum, Helictotrichon, Hierochloe, Holcus, Hyalopoa, Hypseochloa, Koeleria, Lagurus, Leptagrostis, Libyella, Limnas, Limnodea, Linkagrostis, Maillea, Metcalfia, Mibora, Milium, Nephelochloa, Pentapogon, Periballia, Peyritschia, Phalaris, Phleum, Pilgerochloa, Polypogon, Pseudarrhenatherum, Pseudodanthonia, Pseudophleum, Relchela, Rhizocephalus, Scribneria, Sinochasea, Sphenopholis, Stephanachne, Stilpnophleum, Tovarochloa, Triplachne, Trisetum, Vahlodea, Ventenata, Zingeria
      • Agropyropsis, Anthochloa, Aphanelytrum, Arctagrostis, Arctophila, Austrofestuca, Bellardiochloa, Briza, Calosteca, Castellia, Catabrosella, Catapodium, Coleanthus, Colpodium, Ctenopsis, Cutandia, Cynosurus, Dactylis, Dasypoa, Desmazeria, Dissanthelium, Dryopoa, Dupontia, Eremopoa, Erianthecium, Festuca, Festucella, Gymnachne, Hainardia, Helleria, Hookerochloa, Lamarckia, Leucopoa, Lindbergella, Littledalea, Loliolum, Lolium, Lombardochloa, Megalachne, Microbriza, Micropyropsis, Micropyrum, Narduroides, ,Parafestuca, Parapholis, Phippsia, Pholiurus, Poa, Podophorus, Poidium, Pseudobromus, Psilurus, Puccinellia, Rhomboelytrum, Sclerochloa, Scolochloa, Simplicia, Sphenopus, Torreyochloa, Tsvelevia, Vulpia, Vulpiella, Wangenheimia
      • Echinaria, Oreochloa, Psilathera, Sesleria, Sesleriella
      • Brylkinia, Catabrosa, Glyceria, Lycochloa, Melica, Pleuropogon, Schizachne, Streblochaete, Triniochloa,
      • Achnatherum, Stipa
      • Diarrhena
      • Nardus
    • PACCAD Clade
    • Panicoidea:
      • Coelachne, Cyrtococcum, Heteranthoecia, Hubbardia, Isachne, Limnopoa, Sphaerocaryum, Tribe Neurachneae, Neurachne, Paraneurachne, Thyridolepis, Tribe Arundinelleae, Arundinella, Chandrasekharania, Danthoniopsis, Diandrostachya, Dilophotriche, Garnotia, Gilgiochloa, Isalus, Jansenella, Loudetia, Loudetiopsis, Trichopteryx, Tristachya, Zonotriche Achlaena, Acostia, Acritochaete, Acroceras, Alexfloydia, Alloteropsis, Amphicarpum, Ancistrachne, Anthaenantiopsis, Anthenantia, Anthephora, Arthragrostis, Arthropogon, Axonopus, Baptorhachis, Beckeropsis, Boivinella, Brachiaria, Calyptochloa, Camusiella, Cenchrus, Centrochloa, Chaetium, Chaetopoa, Chamaeraphis, Chasechloa, Chloachne, Chlorocalymma, Cleistochloa, Cliffordiochloa, Commelinidium, Cymbosetaria, Cyphochlaena, Dallwatsonia, Dichanthelium, Digitaria, Digitariopsis, Dimorphochloa, Dissochondrus, Eccoptocarpha, Echinochloa, Echinolaena, Entolasia, Eriochloa, Fasciculochloa, Gerritea, Holcolemma, Homolepis, Homopholis, Hopia, Hydrothauma, Hygrochloa, Hylebates, Hymenachne, Ichnanthus, Ixophorus, Lasiacis, Lecomtella, Leptocoryphium, Leptoloma, Leucophrys, Louisiella, Megaloprotachne, Melinis, Mesosetum, Microcalamus, Mildbraediochloa, Odontelytrum, Ophiochloa, Oplismenopsis, Oplismenus, Oryzidium, Otachyrium, Ottochloa, Panicum, Paratheria, Parectenium, Paspalidium, Paspalum, Pennisetum, Perulifera, Plagiantha, Plagiosetum, Poecilostachys, Pseudechinolaena, Pseudochaetochloa, Pseudoraphis, Reimarochloa, Reynaudia, Rhynchelytrum, Sacciolepis, Scutachne, Setaria, Setariopsis, Snowdenia, Spheneria, Spinifex, Steinchisma, Stenotaphrum, Stereochlaena, Streptolophus, Streptostachys, Taeniorhachis, Tarigidia, Tatianyx, Thrasya, Thrasyopsis, Thuarea, Thyridachne, Trachys, Tricholaena, Triscenia, Uranthoecium, Urochloa, Whiteochloa, Xerochloa, Yakirra, Yvesia, Zygochloa
      • Agenium, Anadelphia, Andropogon, Andropterum, Apluda, Apocopis, Arthraxon, Asthenochloa, Bhidea, Bothriochloa, Capillipedium, Chrysopogon, Chumsriella, Clausospicula, Cleistachne, Cymbopogon, Dichanthium, Diectomis, Digastrium, Diheteropogon, Dimeria, Dybowskia, Eccoilopus, Elymandra, Eremopogon, Erianthus, Eriochrysis, Euclasta, Eulalia, Eulaliopsis, Exotheca, Germainia, Hemisorghum, Heteropogon, Homozeugos, Hyparrhenia, Hyperthelia, Hypogynium, Imperata, Ischaemum, Ischnochloa, Iseilema, Kerriochloa, Lasiorhachis, Leptosaccharum, Lophopogon, Microstegium, Miscanthidium, Miscanthus, Monium, Monocymbium, Narenga, Parahyparrhenia, Pleiadelphia, Pobeguinea, Pogonachne, Pogonatherum, Polliniopsis, Polytrias, Pseudanthistiria, Pseudodichanthium, Pseudopogonatherum, Pseudosorghum, Saccharum, Schizachyrium, Sclerostachya, Sehima, Sorghastrum, Sorghum, Spathia, Spodiopogon, Thelepogon, Themeda, Trachypogon, Triplopogon, Vetiveria, Ystia
      • Chasmopodium, Coelorachis, Elionurus, Eremochloa, Glyphochloa, Hackelochloa, Hemarthria, Heteropholis, Jardinea, Lasiurus, Lepargochloa, Loxodera, Manisuris
      • Mnesithea, Ophiuros, Oxyrhachis, Phacelurus, Pseudovossia, Ratzeburgia, Rhytachne, Robynsiochloa, Rottboellia, Thaumastochloa, Thyrsia, Urelytrum, Vossia
      • Chionachne, Coix, Euchlaena, Polytoca, Sclerachne, Trilobachne, Tripsacum, Zea
    • Arundinoideae:
      • Amphipogon, Diplopogon
      • Aristida, Sartidia, Stipagrosti
      • Arundo, Dichaetaria, Gynerium, Hakonechloa, Molinia, Phragmites, Thysanolaena
      • Cyperochloa
      • Alloeochaete, Centropodia, Chaetobromus, Chionochloa, Cortaderia, Crinipes, Danthonia, Dannthonidium, Dregeochloa, Duthiea, Elytrophorus, Erythranthera, Habrochloa, Karroochloa, Lamprothyrsus, Merxmuellera, Metcalfia, Monachather, Monostachya, Nematopoa, Notochloë, Pentameris, Pentaschistis, Phaenanthoecium, Plinthanthesis, Poagrostis, Prionanthium, Pseudodanthonia, Pseudopentameris, Pyrrhanthera, Rytidosperma, Schismus, Sieglingia, Styppeiochloa, Tribolium, Urochlaena, Zenkeria
      • Eriachne, Pheidochloa
      • Micraira
      • Spartochloa
      • Arundoclaytonia, Steyermarkochloa
    • Chloridoideae:
      • Acamptoclados, Acrachne, Aegopogon, Aeluropus, Afrotrichloris, Allolepis, Apochiton, Astrebla, Austrochloris, Bealia, Bewsia, Blepharidachne, Blepharoneuron, Bouteloua, Brachyachne, Brachychloa, Buchlomimus, Calamovilfa, Catalepis, Cathestechum, Chaetostichium, Chaboissaea, Chloris, Chrysochloa, Cladoraphis, Coelachyropsis, Coelachyrum, Craspedorhachis, Crypsis, Ctenium, Cyclostachya, Cynodon, Cypholepis, Dactyloctenium, Daknopholis, Dasyochloa, Decaryella, Desmostachya, Diandrochloa, Dignathia, Dinebra, Diplachne, Distichlis, Drake-Brockmania, Ectrosia, Ectrosiopsis, Eleusine, Enteropogon, Entoplocamia, Eragrostiella, Eragrostis, Erioneuron, Eustachys, Farrago, Fingerhuthia, Gouinia, Griffithsochloa, Gymnopogon, Halopyrum, Harpachne, Harpochloa, Heterachne, Heterocarpha, Hilaria, Hubbardochloa, Indopoa, Ischnurus, Jouvea, Kampochloa, Kengia, Leptocarydion, Leptochloa, Leptochloopsis, Leptothrium, Lepturella, Lepturidium, Lepturopetium, Lepturus, Lintonia, Lophacme, Lopholepis, Lycurus, Melanocenchris, Microchloa, Monanthochloë, Monelytrum, Mosdenia, Muhlenbergia, Munroa, Myriostachya, Neeragrostis, Neesiochloa, Neobouteloua, Neostapfiella, Neyraudia, Ochthochloa, Odyssea, Opizia, Orinus, Oropetium, Oxychloris, Pentarrhaphis, Pereilema, Perotis, Piptophyllum, Planichloa, Pleuraphis, Pogonarthria, Pogoneura, Pogonochloa, Polevansia, Pommereulla, Pringleochloa, Psammagrostis, Pseudozoysia, Psilolemma, Pterochloris, Redfieldia, Reederochloa, Rendlia, Richardsiella, Saugetia, Schaffnerella, Schedonnardus, Schenckochloa, Schoenefeldia, Sclerodactylon, Scleropogon, Silentvalleya, Soderstromia, Sohnsia, Spartina, Sporobolus, Steirachne, Stiburus, Swallenia, Tetrachaete, Tetrachne, Tetrapogon, Thellungia, Tragus, Trichoneura, Tridens, Triplasis, Tripogon, Triraphis, Uniola, Urochondra, Vaseyochloa, Vietnamochloa, Viguierella, Willkommia, Zoysia
      • Neostapfia, Orcuttia, Tuctoria
      • Cottea, Enneapogon, Kaokochloa, Pappophorum, Schmidtia
      • Monodia, Plectrachne, Symplectrodia, Triodia
    • Centothecoideae:
      • Bromuniola, Calderonella, Centotheca, Chasmanthium, Chevalierella, Gouldochloa, Lophatherium, Megastachya, Orthoclada, Pohlidium, Zeugites.
    • Aristidoideae:
      • Erioneuron, Munroa, Redfeldia, Calamovilfa, Lycurus, Blepharoneuron, Tripogon, Hilaria, Schedonardus, Trichloris, Bouteloua, Buchloe, Cathestecum, Aegopogon, Tragus, Distichlis, Allolepis, Monanthochloe, Pappophorum, Enneapogon, Cottea, Orcuttia, Neostapfia, Aristida, Stipagrostis
    • Danthonioideae:
      • Merxmuellera, Karroochloa, Astrodanthonia, Danthonia
      • Incertae Sedis: Micaria, Molinia, Schismus.
    • Rapataceae:
      • Amphiphyllum, Cephalostemon, Duckea, Epidryos, Guacamaya, Kunhardtia, Marahuacaea, Maschalocephalus, Monotrema, Phelpsiella, Potarophytum, Rapatea, Saxofriderica, Schoenocephalum, Spathanthus, Stegolepis, Windsorina.
    • Restionaceae:
      • Alexgeorgia, Calopsis, Cannomois, Chondropetallum, Elegia, Hopkinsia, Hypolaena, Hypodiscus, Ischyrolepis, Leptocarpus, Lepyrodia, Loxocarya, Lyginia, Restio, Saberoha, Thamnochortus.
    • Thurniaceae:
      • Prionium, Thurnia.
    • Typhaceae (includes Sparganiaceae; Cattail family):
      • Sparganium, Typha.
    • Xyridaceae (Yellow-Eyed Grass family):
      • Xyris, Achlyphila, Abolboda, Orectanthe, Aratitiyopea.

• ORDER ZINGIBERALES
  • Perennial herbs from large, often starchy rhizomes. Leaves opposite or spiraled; usually parallel-pinnate with a distinct petiole. Inflorescences subtended by bracts; perfect or imperfect. Stamens 6, although rarely are all 6 functional. Gynoecium often of 3 fused pistils. Fruit variable; dry or fleshy; dehiscent or indehiscent. Seeds with endosperm and copious, starchy perisperm. 7 families
  • Cannaceae (Canna family):
    • Canna.
  • Costaceae:
    • Chamaecostus, Dimerocostus, Paracostus, Tapeinochilos, Costus, Monocostus.
  • Heliconiaceae:
    • Heliconia.
  • Lowiaceae:
    • Orchidantha
  • Marantaceae (Prayer Plant family):
    • Schumannianthus, Donax, Sarcophrynium, Thaumatococcus, Hypselodelphys, Trachyphrynium, Stachyphrynium, Halopegia, Afrocalathea, Phrynium, Cominsia, Marantochloa, Monophrynium, Calathea, Phacelophrynium, Maranta, Myrosma, Stromanthe, Ctenanthe, Ischnosiphon, Thalia.
  • MUSACEAE (Banana family): Bananas and plantains, this family grows as rosette trees which terminate in a bisexual inflorescence that can be up to 2 meters long.
    • Musa, Ensete, Musella.
  • Strelitziaceae:
    • Ravenala, Phenakospermum, Strelitzia.
  • Zingiberaceae (Ginger family):
    • Siphonochilus
    • Tamijia
    • Aframomum, Alpinia, Amomum, Aulotandra, Cyphostigma, Elettaria, Elettariopsis, Etlingera, Geocharis, Geostachys, Hornstedtia, Leptosolena, Paramomum, Plagiostachys, Renealmia, Siliquamomum (Incertae Sedis), Vanoverberghia
    • Burbidgea, Pleuranthodium, Riedelia, Siamanthus
    • Boesenbergia, Camptandra, Caulokaempferia (Incertae Sedis), Cautleya, Cornukaempferia, Curcuma, Curcumorpha, Distichochlamys, Haniffia, Haplochorema, Hedychium, Hitchenia, Kaempferia, Laosanthus, Nanochilus, Paracautleya, Parakaempferia, Pommereschea, Pyrgophyllum, Rhynchanthus, Roscoea, Scaphochlamys, Smithatris, Stadiochilus, Stahlianthus, Zingiber
    • Gagnepainia, Globba, Hemiorchis

CLASS CERATOPHYLLOPSIDA: BASAL DICOTS, A CLADE OF UNCERTAIN POSITION THAT APPEARS TO BE SISTER TO THE DICOTS

Aquatic herbs; without roots; stems with single vascular bundle and a central air canal; leaves whorled, often dichotomously segmented. No stomates or cuticle. Flowers solitary and axial. Flowers imperfect (monoecious); actinomorphic and inconspicuous, subtended by a whorl of seven to many bracts (maybe modified tepals). Stamens 10-many, distinct. Pollen without apertures, exine reduced. One carpel, hypogynous, stigma extending along one side of the style. Fruit and achene (text with tooltip) A small, dry, 1-seeded, indehiscent fruit; strictly of one carple. ; no endosperm. Class with a single genus.

• ORDER CERATOPHYLLALES
  • CERATOPHYLLACEAE (Hornwort family) with characters of the class.
    • Ceratophyllum

CLASS ASTEROPSIDA: EUDICOTS (TRICOLPATES; 30 ORDERS; 163-200 FAMILIES)

Monophyletic group that has tricolpate pollen (text with tooltip) A pollen grain with three grooves or furrows. ; characterized by cyclic flowers; parts in whorls with members of individuals whorls alternating; staminate filaments usually slender.

BASAL TRICOLPATES: THE PERIPHERAL EUDICOTS

• ORDER RANNUNCULALES
  • This order is defined well by molecular analyses; however, morphological synapomorphies are problematic. Plants in this order contain distinctive alkaloids, particularly the alkaloid berberine. They tend to be herbaceous with toothed, lobed, or even-compound leaves. Their flowers are hypogynous with floral parts distinct and free. The seeds are tiny with copious endosperm.
  • Berberidaceae (Barberry family):
    • Berberis, Achlys, Bongardia, Caulophyllum, Diphyllea, Dysosma, Epimedium, Gymnospermium, Jeffersonia, Leontice, Mahonia, Nandina, Podophyllum, Ranzania, Vancouveria.
  • Circaeasteraceae:
    • Circaeaster, Kingdonia.
  • Eupteleaceae:
    • Euptelea
  • Lardizabalaceae:
    • Decaisnea, Akebia, Holboellia, Stauntonia, Parvatia, Boquila, Lardizabala, Sinofranchetia.
  • Menispermaceae (Moonseed family):
    • Abuta, Cyclea, Stephania, Tinospora, Cissampelos, Calycocarpum, Cocculus, Menispermum.
  • PAPAVERACEAE (includes Fumariaceae; Poppy family): Herbs or shrubs. Simple vessels. Plants with milky latex (text with tooltip) A juice produced by special cells in certain plants. Usually milky. . Leaves alternate or often in a basal rosette, usually compound or dissected; no stipules. Flowers usually large and showy, perfect, and hypogynous. Many stamens; pollen usually triaperturate. Fruits usually capsules which open by pores.
    • Papaveroideae:
      • Arctomecon, Argemone, Bocconia, Canbya, Chelidonium, Dendromecon, Eomecon, Eschscholzia, Glaucium, Hunnemannia, Hylomecon, Macleaya, Meconella, Meconopsis, Papaver, Platystemon, Platystigma, Roemeria, Romneya, Sanguinaria, Stylomecon, Stylophorum.
    • Pterophylloideae:
      • Pteridophyllum.
    • Funarioideae:
      • Adlumia, Capnoides, Ceratocapnos, Corydalis, Cryptocapnos, Cysticapnos, Dactylicapnos, Dicentra, Discocapnos, Ehrendorferia, Fumaria, Fumariola, Hypecoum, Ichthyoselmis, Lamprocapnos, Platycaprios, Pseudofumaria, Rupicaprios, Sarcocaprios, Trigonocaprios.
  • RANUNCULACEAE (Buttercup family): Herbs, vines, shrubs. Simple vessels. Leaves usually alternate, simple or compound; stipules either inconspicuous or absent. Flowers variable but hypogynous; usually with distinct sepals and petals; stamens usually many. Fruits variable: follicles, achenes, berries.
    • Hydrastidoideae:
      • Hydrastis
    • Glaucidioideae:
      • Glaucidium
    • Coptoideae:
      • Coptis, Asteropyrum, Xanthorhiza
    • Thalictroideae:
      • Enemion, Isopyrum, Leptopyrum, Paraaquilegia, Semiaquilegia, Urophysa, Aquilegia
      • Dichocarpum
      • Thalictrum
    • Ranunculoideae:
      • Caltha, Calathodes, Eranthis, Helleborus, Megaleranthis, Trollius
      • Actaea, Anemonopsis, Beesia
      • Garidella (=Caridella?), Komaroffia, Nigella
      • Aconitella, Aconitum, Consolida, Delphinium
      • Adonis, Callianthemum
      • Anemoclema, Anemone, Anemonella, Archiclematis, Barneoudia, Clematis, Clematopsis, Hepatica, Kingdonia, Knowltonia, Metanemone, Miyakea, Naravelia, Oreithales, Pulsatilla
      • Aphanostemma, Arcteranthis, Batrachium, Callianthemoides , Ceratocephala , =Ceratocephalus), Cyrtorhyncha, Ficaria, Halerpestes , Hamadryas, Krapfia, Laccopetalum, Myosurus, Oxygraphis , Paroxygraphis, Paroxygraphis (=Paroxygrapis), Ranunculus, Trautvetteria

• ORDER UNNAMED
  • Sabiaceae:
    • Meliosma, Ophiocaryon, Sabia

• ORDER PROTEALES
  • Nelumbonaceae:
    • Nelumbo
  • Platanaceae (Sycamore family):
    • Platanus.
  • Proteaceae:
    • Bellendena
    • Placospermum
    • Toronia, Garnieria, Acidonia, Persoonia
    • Agastachys, Symphionema
    • incertae sedis: Eidothea, Beauprea, Beaupreopsis, Dilobeia, Cenarrhenes, Franklandia
    • Stirlingia
    • Conospermum
    • Synaphea
    • Petrophile, Aulax
    • Protea, Faurea
    • Isopogon
    • Adenanthos
    • Leucadendron, Serruria, Paranomus, Vexatorella, Sorocephalus, Spatalla, Leucospermum, Mimetes, Diastella, Orothamnus
    • incertae sedis
    • Sphalmium, Carnarvonia
    • incertae sedis: Megahertzia, Knightia, Eucarpha, Triunia
    • Roupala, Neorites, Orites
    • Lambertia, Xylomelum
    • Helicia, Hollandaea
    • Darlingia, Floydia
    • Musgravea, Austromuellera
    • Banksia, Dryandra
    • Lomatia
    • Embothrium, Oreocallis, Alloxylon, Telopea
    • Stenocarpus, Strangea
    • Opisthiolepis, Buckinghamia, Hakea, Grevillea, Finschia
    • Macadamia, Panopsis, Brabejum
    • Malagasia, Catalepidia
    • Virotia, Athertonia, Heliciopsis
    • Cardwellia, Sleumerodendron, Euplassa, Gevuina, Bleasdalea, Hicksbeachia, Kermadecia, Turrillia

• ORDER TROCHODENDRALES
  • Trochodendraceae (includes Tetracentraceae):
    • Nordenskioldia, Trochodendron, Tetracentron, Zizyphoides.

• ORDER BUXALES
  • Buxaceae (includes Didymelaceae):
    • Styloceras, Sarcococca, Pachysandra, Buxus, Notobuxus.
  • Haptanthaceae:
    • Haptanthus

CORE EUDICOTS

BASAL EUDICOTS

• ORDER GUNNERALES
  • Gunneraceae:
    • Gunnera
  • Myrothamnaceae:
    • Myrothamnus

• ORDER SAXIFRAGALES
  • Altingiaceae (Sweet Gum family):
    • Altingia, Liquidambar, Semiliduidambar.
  • Aphanopetalaceae:
    • Aphanopetalum
  • Cercidiphyllaceae:
    • Cercidiphyllum.
  • Crassulaceae (Stonecrop family):
    • Adromischus, Aeonium, Aichryson, Chiastophyllum, Cotyledon, Crassula, Diamorpha, Dudleya, Echeveria, Graptopetalum, Greenovia, Hylotelephium, Hypagophytum, Jovibarba, Kalanchoe, Lenophyllum, Monanthes, Orostachys, Pachyphytum, Perrierosedum, , Phedimus, Pistorinia, Prometheum, Pseudosedum, Rhodiola, Rosularia, Sedum, Sempervivum, Thompsonella, Tylecodon, Umbilicus, Villadia
  • Daphniphyllaceae:
    • Daphniphyllum
  • Grossulariaceae:
    • Ribes, Grossularia(?)
  • Haloragaceae:
    • Glischrocaryon, Gonocarpus, Haloragis, Haloragodendron, Laurembergia, Meziella, Myriophyllum, Proserpinaca, Vinkia
  • Hamamelidaceae (Witch Hazel family):
    • Chunia, Corylopsis, Dicoryphe, Disanthus, Distyliopsis, Distylium, Embolanthera, Eustigma, Exbucklandia, Fortunearia, Fothergilla, Hamamelis, †Langeria, Loropetalum, Maingaya, Matudaea, Molinadendron, Mytilaria, Neostrearia, Noahdendron, Ostrearia, Parrotia, Parrotiopsis, Rhodoleia, Sinowilsonia, Sycopsis, Tetrathyrium, Trichocladus
  • Iteaceae:
    • Itea, Pterostemon, Choristylis(?).
  • Paeoniaceae:
    • Paeonia.
  • Penthoraceae:
    • Penthorum.
  • Peridiscaceae:
    • Menusandra, Peridiscus, Soyauxia, Whittonia.
  • Saxifragaceae (Saxifrage family):
    • Abrophyllum, Astilbe, Astilboides, Bensoniella, Bergenia, Bolandra, Boykinia, Chondrosea, Chrysosplenium, Conimitella, Darmera, Elmera, Hemieva, Heuchera, Jepsonia, Leptarrhena, Lithophragma, Micranthes, Mitella, Mukdenia, Oresitrophe, Peltiphyllum, Rodgersia, Saxifraga, Saxifragella, Saxifragodes, Saxifragopsis, Suksdorfia, Sullivantia, Tanakaea, Telesonix, Tellima, Tiarella, Tolmiea
  • Tetracarpaeaceae:
    • Tetracarpaea

• ORDER BERBERIDOPSIDALES
  • Aextoxicaceae:
    • Aextoxicon
  • Berberidopsidaceae:
    • Berberidopsis, Streptothamnus

• ORDER SANTALALES
  • Balanophoraceae:
    • Balanophora, Chlamydophytum, Corynaea, Dactylanthus, Ditepalanthus, Exorhopala, Hachettea, Helosis, Langsdorffia, Lophophytum, Mystropetalon, Ombrophytum, Rhopalocnemis, Sarcophyte, Scybalium, Thonningia.
  • Loranthaceae (Mistletoe family):
    • Actinanthella, Aetanthus, Agelanthus, Alepis, Amyema, Amylotheca, Atkinsonia, Bakerella, Baratranthus, Benthamina, Berhautia, Cecarria, Cladocolea, Cyne, Dactyliophora, Decaisnina, Dendropemon, Dendropthoe, Desmaria, Diplatia, Distrianthes, Elytranthe, Emelianthe, Englerina, Erianthemum, Gaiadendron, Globimetula, Helicanthes, Helixanthera, Ileostylus, Ixocactus, Kingella, Lampas, Lepeostegeres, Lepidaria, Ligaria, Loranthus, Loxanthera, Lysiana, Macrosolen, Moquiniella, Muellerina, Notanthera, Nuytsia, Oliverella, Oncella, Oncocalyx, Oryctanthus, Oryctina, Panamanthus, Papuanthes, Pedistylis, Peraxilla, Phragmanthera, Phthirusa, Plicosepalus, Psittacanthus, Pusillanthus, Scurrula, Septulina, Socratina, Sogerianthe, Spragueanella, Struthanthus, Tapinanthus, Taxillus, Tetradyas, Thaumasianthes, Tolypanthus, Trilepidea, Tripodanthus, Tristerix, Trithecanthera, Tupeia, Vanwykia
  • Misodendraceae:
    • Misodendron.
  • Olacaceae:
    • Dulacia, Olax, Ptychopetalum
    • Anacolosa, Aptandra, Cathedra, Chaunochiton, Harmandia, Ongokea, Phanerodiscus.
    • Curupira, Douradoa, Malania, Ximenia
    • Brachynema, Strombosia
  • Opiliaceae:
    • Agonandra, Anthobolus, Cansjera, Champereia, Gjellerupia, Lepionurus, Melientha, Opilia, Pentarhopalopilia, Rhopalopilia, Urobotrya.
  • Santalaceae:
    • Acanthosyris, Amphorogyne, Antholobus, Arceuthobium, Arjona, Austroamericium, Buckleya, Cervantesia, Choretrum, Cladomyza, \,Colpoon, Comandra, Daenikera, Dendromyza, Dendrophthora, Dendrotrophe, Dufrenoya, Elaphanthera, Exocarpos, Geocaulon, Ginalloa, Jodina, Korthalsella, Kunkeliella, Leptomeria, Mida, Myoschilos, Nanodea, Nestronia, Notothixos, Okoubaka, Omphacomeria, Osyridocarpos, Osyris, Phacellaria, Phoradendron, Pyrularia, Quinchamalium, Rhoiacarpos, Santalum, Scleropyrum, Spirogardnera, Thesidium, Thesium, Viscum.
  • Schoepfiaceae:
    • Schoepfia.
  • Viscaceae (Christmas Mistletoe family):
    • Phoradendron, Dendrophthora, Viscum, Arceuthobium.

• ORDER CARYOPHYLLALES
  • Clear molecular and morphological synapomorphies define this order. Their phloem (text with tooltip) Phloem is food-conducting tissue and its elements function while they are alive. Phloem cell types include sieve tubes, companion cells, and phloem fibers. has sieve tubes (text with tooltip) Sieve tubes are the phloem elements through which dissolved food molecules move. that contain plastids and a peripheral ring of proteinaceous filaments and a central protein crystal. Betalains form red-yellow pigments. The flower with a single whorl of tepals; embryo curved around the seed. This order has 18 families and 8600 species.
  • Achatocarpaceae:
    • Achatocarpus, Phaulothamnus
  • Aizoaceae (Stoneplant family):
    • Acrodon, Acrosanthes, Aethephyllum, Aizoanthemum, Aizoön, Aloinopsis, Amphibolia, Antigibbaeum, Antimima, Apatesia, Aptenia, Arenifera, Argyroderma, Aspazoma, Astridia, Bergeranthus, Berrisfordia, Bijlia, Braunsia, Brianhuntleya, Brownanthus, Carpanthea, Carpobrotus, Carruanthus, Caryotophora, Cephalophyllum, Cerochlamys, Chasmatophyllum, Cheiridopsis, Circandra, Cleretum, Conicosia, Conophytum, Corbichonia, Corpuscularia, Cylindrophyllum, Cypselea, Dactylopsis, Delosperma, Dicrocaulon, Didymaotus, Dinteranthus, Diplosoma, Disphyma, Dorotheanthus, Dracophilus, Drosanthemopsis, Drosanthemum, Eberlanzia, Ebracteola, Enarganthe, Erepsia, Esterhuysenia, Faucaria, Fenestraria, Frithia, Galenia, Gibbaeum, Gisekia, Glottiphyllum, Gunniopsis, Hallianthus, Hereroa, Herreanthus, Hymenogyne, Imitaria, Jacobsenia, Jensenobotrya, Jordaaniella, Juttadinteria, Khadia, Lampranthus, Lapidaria, Leipoldtia, Limeum, Lithops, Machairophyllum, Malephora, Mesembryanthemum, Mestoklema, Meyerophytum, Mitrophyllum, Monilaria, Mossia, Muiria, Namaquanthus, Namibia, Nananthus, Nelia, Neohenricia, Octopoma, Odontophorus, Oophytum, Ophthalmophyllum, Orthopterum, Oscularia, Ottosonderia, Phyllobolus, Pleiospilos, Plinthus, Polymita, Psammophora, Pseudobrownanthus, Psilocaulon, Rabiea, Rhinephyllum, Rhombophyllum, Ruschia, Ruschianthemum, Ruschianthus, Saphesia, Schlechteranthus, Sceletium, Schwantesia, Scopelogena, Sesuvium, Skiatophytum, Smicrostigma, Stayneria, Stoeberia, Stomatium, Synaptophyllum, Tanquana, Tetragonia, Titanopsis, Trianthema, Trichodiadema, Vanheerdea, Vanzijlia, Wooleya, Zaleya, Zeuktophyllum
  • Amaranthaceae (includes Chenopodiaceae; Amaranth family):
    • Achyranthes, Achyropsis, Aerva, Amaranthus, Arthraerua, Calicorema, Celosia, Centema, Centrostachys, Cyathula, Hermbstaedtia, Kyphocarpa, Leucosphaera, Marcelliopsis, Nelsia, Nothosaerva, Pandiaka, Psilotrichum, Pupalia, Sericocoma, Sericorema
    • Acroglochin, Agathophora, Agriophyllum, Alexandra, Allenrolfea, Anabasis, Anthochlamys, Aphanisma, Archiatriplex, Arthrocnemum, Arthrophytum, Atriplex, Axyris, Babbagia, Bassia, Beta, Bienertia, Borsczowia, Brachylepis, Camphorosma, Ceratocarpus, Chenopodium, Choriptera, Climacoptera, Corispermum, Cornulaca, Cremnophyton, Cyathobasis, Cycloloma, Didymanthus, Dissocarpus, Dysphania, Einadia, Enchylaena, Eremophea, Eriochiton, Esfandiaria, Exomis, Fadeniadn, Fredolia, Girgensohnia, Goerziella, Grayia, Gyroptera, Hablitzia, Halanthium, Halarchon, Halimione, Halimocnemis, Halocharis, Halocnemum, Halogeton, Halostachys, Halothamnus, Haloxylon, Hammada, Helicilla, Hemichroa, Heterostachys, Holmbergia, Horaninovia, Kalidiopsis, Kalidium, Kirilowia, Kochia, Krascheninnikovia, Lagenantha, Maireana, Malacocera, Manochlamys, Microcnemum, Microgynoecium, Monolepis, Nanophyton, Neobassia, Nitrophila, Noaea, Nucularia, Ofaiston, Oreobliton, Pachycornia, Panderia, Patellifolia, Petrosimonia, Piptoptera, Polycnemum, Rhagodia, Roubieva, Roycea, Sarcobatus, Sclerolaena, Sclerostegia, Seidlitzia, Senniella, Sevada, Spinacia, Stelligera, Suckleya, Sympegma, Tecticornia, Tegicornia, Teloxys, Theleophyton, Threlkeldia, Traganopsis, Traganum, Zuckia.
    • Alternanthera, Froelichia, Gomphrena, Guilleminea, Iresine, Tidestromia
    • Allenrolfea, Arthrocnemum, Halocnemum, Halopeplis, Halosarcia, Halostachys, Heterostachys, Kalidium, Microcnemum, Pachycornia, Salicornia, Sarcocornia, Sclerostegia, Tecticornia, Tegicornia.
    • Salsola, Suaeda
  • Anacampserotaceae:
    • Anacampseros, Grahamia, Talinopsis
  • Barbeuiaceae:
    • Berbeuia
  • Basellaceae:
    • Anredera, Basella, Boussinggaultia, Ullucus.
  • CACTACEAE (Cactus family): Herbs or shrubs with anomalous secondary growth. Vessels simple. Leaves alternate, opposite or whorled; simple, entire and often reduced to a spine. Flowers usually perfect, stamens usually numerous (generally 2X as many as there are perianth segments). Fruit variable, embryo large. Taxa in this family have undergone extensive taxonomic revision. Currently accepted generic names are in bold with synonyms in parentheses. The family is divided unevenly into four subfamilies.
    • Cactoideae:
      • Armatocereus, Browningia, Gymnocereus, Jasminocereus, Neoraimondia (=Neocardenasia), Stetsonia.
      • Acharagma, Ariocarpus, (=living rock, Anhalonium, Neogomesia, Neogomezia, Roseocactus, Stromatocactus), Astrophytum (= Astrophyton, Maierocactus), Atekium, Coryphantha, (=beehive cactus, Aulacothele, Cumarinia, Glandulifera, Lepidocoryphantha, Roseia), Echinocactus (= barrel cactus, Brittonrosea, Echinofossulocactus, Homalocephala), Echinomastus, Epithelantha – pingpong ball cactus, Escobaria (= foxtail cactus, pincushion cactus, Cochiseia, Escobesseya, Fobea), Neobesseya , Ferocactus (= barrel cactus, Bisnaga, Brittonia), Geohintonia, Leuchtenbergia, Lophophora – peyote, Mammillaria (= fishhook cactus, globe cactus, pincushion cactus, bird’s-nest cactus, Bartschella, Chilita, Cochemiea, Dolichothele, Ebnerella, Haagea, Krainzia, Lactomammillaria, Leptocladia, Leptocladodia, Mamillaria, Mamillopsis, Mammariella, Mammilaria, Neomammillaria, Oehmea, Phellosperma, Porfiria, Pseudomammillaria, Solisia), Mammilloydia, Neolloydia (= Napina, Pseudosolisia), Obregonia, Ortegocactus, Pediocactus (=hedgehog cactus, Navajoa, Pilocanthus), Pelecyphora (=Encephalocarpus), Sclerocactus (= fishhook cactus, Ancistrocactus, Coloradoa, Glandulicactus, Toumeya), Stenocactus (= Echinofossulocactus, Efossus), Strombocactus, Thelocactus (= Hamatocactus, Thelomastus), Turbinicarpus (= top cactus, Gymnocactus, Normanbokea, Rapicactus).
      • Calymmanthium (= Diploperianthium ).
      • Arrojadoa, Brasilicereus, Cereus (= sweet potato cactus, Mirabella, Piptanthocereus, Subpilocereus), Cipocereus (= Floribunda ), Coleocephalocereus (= Buiningia ), Discocactus, Melocactus (= Cactus ), Micranthocereus (= Austrocephalocereus, Siccobaccatus ), Pierrebraunia, Pilosocereus (= tree cactus, Pilocereus, Pseudopilocereus ), Praecereus, Stephanocereus, Uebelmannia.
      • Disocactus (= Aporocactus, Aporocereus, Bonifazia, Chiapasia, Disisocactus, Disocereus, Heliocereus, Lobeira, Mediocereus, Nopalxochia, Pseudonopalxochia, Trochilocactus, Wittia, Wittiocactus ), Epiphyllum (= climbing cactus, Phyllocactus, Phyllocereus ), Hylocereus (= nightblooming cactus, Wilmattea ), Selenicereus (= moonlight cactus, nightblooming cereus, Cryptocereus, Deamia, Marniera, Mediocactus, Strophocactus, Strophocereus), Pseudorhipsalis, Weberocereus (= Eccremocactus, Eccremocereus, Werckleocereus ).
      • Austrocactus, Blossfeldia, Cintia, Copiapoa (= Pilocopiapoa ), Eriosyce (= Ceratistes, Chileniopsis, Chileocactus, Chileorebutia, Chiliorebutia, Delaetia, Dracocactus, Euporteria, Hildmannia, Horridocactus, Islaya, Neochilenia, Neoporteria, Neoporteria, Neotanahashia, Nichelia, Pyrrhocactus, Rodentiophila, Thelocephala), Eulychnia (= Philippicereus ), Frailea, Neowerdermannia, Parodia (= Acanthocephala, Brasilicactus, Brasiliparodia, Brasilocactus, Chrysocactus, Dactylanthocactus, Eriocactus, Eriocephala, Friesia, Hickenia, Malacocarpus, Microspermia, Neohickenia, Notocactus, Sericocactus, Wigginsia ), Yavia.
      • Acanthocereus (= triangle cactus, Dendrocereus, Monvillea ), Bergerocactus (= snakecactus, Bergerocereus), Carnegiea – carnegia, saguaro, Cephalocereus (= old man cactus, Haseltonia, Neodawsonia, Pilocereus ), Corryocactus (= Corryocereus, Erdisia, Eulychnocactus), Echinocereus (= hedgehog cactus, Morangaya, Wilcoxia ), Escontria, Leptocereus (= Neoabbottia), ×Myrtgerocactus (= Myrtillocactus × Bergerocactus), Myrtillocactus (= Myrtillocereus ), Neobuxbaumia (= Pseudomitrocereus, Rooksbya), ×Pacherocactus (= Pachycereus × Bergerocactus), Pachycereus (= Backebergia, Lemaireocereus, Lophocereus, Marginatocereus, Mitrocereus, Pterocereus ), Peniocereus (= Cullmannia, Neoevansia, Nyctocereus ), Polaskia (= Chichipia, Heliabravoa ), Pseudoacanthocereus, Stenocereus (= Hertrichocereus, Isolatocereus, Isolatocereus, Machaerocereus, Marshallocereus, Neolemaireocereus, Rathbunia, Ritterocereus ).
      • Lepismium (= Acanthorhipsalis, Acanthorhipsalis, Pfeiffera), Rhipsalis (= Cassytha, Erythrorhipsalis, Hariota, Lymanbensonia ), Hatiora (= Epiphyllopsis, Hariota, Pseudozygocactus, Rhipsalidopsis), Schlumbergera (= holiday cactus, Epiphyllanthus, Epiphyllum, Opuntiopsis, Zygocactus, Zygocereus).
      • Acanthocalycium (= Spinicalycium ), Arthrocereus, Brachycereus, Cleistocactus (= Akersia, Bolivicereus, Borzicactella, Borzicactus, Borzicereus, Cephalocleistocactus, Cleistocereus, Clistanthocereus, Demnosa, Gymnanthocereus, Hildewintera, Loxanthocereus, Maritimocereus, Pseudoechinocereus, Seticereus, Seticleistocactus, Winteria, Winterocereus), Denmoza, Echinopsis (= San Pedro, Acantholobivia, Acanthopetalus, Andenea, Aureilobivia, Chamaecereus, Chamaelobivia, Cinnabarinea, Echinolobivia, Echinonyctanthus, Furiolobivia, Helianthocereus, Heterolobivia, Hymenorebulobivia, Hymenorebutia, Leucostele, Lobirebutia, Lobivia, Lobiviopsis, Megalobivia, Mesechinopsis, Neolobivia, Pilopsis, Pseudolobivia, Rebulobivia, Salpingolobivia, Scoparebutia, Setiechinopsis, Soehrensia, Trichocereus ), Espostoa (= Binghamia, Pseudoespostoa, Thrixanthocereus, Vatricania ), Espostoopsis (= Gerocephalus ), Facheiroa (= Zehntnerella ), Gymnocalycium (= Chin cactus, Brachycalycium ), Haageocereus (= Floresia, Haageocactus, Lasiocereus, Neobinghamia, Peruvocereus ), ×Haagespostoa (= Haageocereus × Espostoa), Harrisia (= applecactus, Eriocereus, Roseocereus ), Leocereus, Matucana (= Eomatucana ), Mila, Oreocereus (= Arequipa, Arequipiopsis, Morawetzia, Submatucana ), Oroya, Pygmaeocereus, Rauhocereus, Rebutia (= Aylostera, Bridgesia, Cylindrorebutia, Digitorebutia, Echinorebutia, Eurebutia, Gymnantha, Mediolobivia, Mediorebutia, Neogymnantha, Reicheocactus, Setirebutia, Spegazzinia, Sulcorebutia, Weingartia), Samaipaticereus, Weberbauerocereus (= Meyenia), Yungasocereus.
    • Maihuenioideae:
      • Maihuenia
    • Opuntioideae:
      • Austrocylindropuntia, Cumulopuntia.
      • Corynopuntia (= Marenopuntia ), Cylindropuntia – chollas, Grusonia, Micropuntia, Pereskiopsis (= Peireskiopsis ), Quiabentia.
      • Brasiliopuntia, Consolea, Miqueliopuntia, Opuntia (= prickly pears, Airampoa, Cactodendron, Cactus, Chaffeyopuntia, Clavarioidia, Ficindica, Nopalea, Parviopuntia, Phyllarthus, Salmiopuntia, Subulatopuntia, Tunas, Weberiopuntia ), Tacinga, Tunilla.
      • Pterocactus.
      • Maihueniopsis (= Puna ), Tephrocactus (= Pseudotephrocactus ).
    • Pereskioideae:
      • Pereskia (= Peirescia, Peireskia, Perescia, Rhodocactus ).
  • Caryophyllaceae (Carnation or Pink family):
    • Acanthophyllum, Achyronychia, Agrostemma, Allochrusa, Alsinidendron, Ankyropetalum, Arenaria, Bolanthus, Bolbosaponaria, Brachystemma, Bufonia, Cardionema, Cerastium, Colobanthus, Cometes, Corrigiola, Cucubalus, Cyathophylla, Dianthus, Diaphanoptera, Dicheranthus, Drymaria, Drypis, Eremogone, Geocarpon, Gymnocarpos, Gypsophila, Habrosia, Haya, Herniaria, Holosteum, Honckenya, Illecebrum, Kabulia, Krauseola, Kuhitangia, Lepyrodiclis, Lochia, Loeflingia, Lychnis, Melandrium, Mesostemma, Microphyes, Minuartia, Moehringia, Moenchia, Myosoton, Ochotonophila, Ortegia, Paronychia, Pentastemonodiscus, Petrocoptis, Petrorhagia, Philippiella, Phrynella, Pinosia, Pirinia, Pleioneura, Plettkia, Pollichia, Polycarpaea, Polycarpon, Polytepalum, Pseudostellaria, Pteranthus, Pycnophyllopsis, Pycnophyllum, Reicheella, Sagina, Sanctambrosia, Saponaria, Schiedea, Scleranthopsis, Scleranthus, Sclerocephalus, Scopulophila, Selleola, Silene, Spergula, Spergularia, Sphaerocoma, Stellaria, Stipulicida, Thurya, Thylacospermum, Uebelinia, Vaccaria, Velezia, Wilhelmsia, Xerotia
  • Didiereaceae:
    • Alluaudia, Alluaudiopsis, Decaria, Didoerea
  • Dioncophyllaceae:
    • Dioncophyllum, Habropetalum, Triphyophyllum
  • Droceraceae (Sundew family):
    • Drosera, Dionaea.
  • Frankenaceae:
    • Frankenia
  • Gisekiaceae:
    • Gisekia
  • Halophytaceae:
    • Halophytum
  • Limeaceae:
    • Limeum, Macarthuria
  • Lophiocarpaceae:
    • Corbichonia, Lophiocarpus
  • Molluginaceae:
    • Adenogramma, Coelanthum, Glinus, Glischrothamnus, Hypertelis, Mollugo, Pharnaceum, Polpoda, Psammotropha, Suessenguthiella
  • Montiaceae:
    • Calandrinia, Calyptridium, Cistanthe, Claytonia, Hectorella, Lenzia, Lewisia, Lewisiopsis, Lyallia, Montia, Montiopsis, Parakeelya, Phemeranthus
  • Nepenthaceae:
    • Netenthes.
  • Nyctaginaceae (Four O’Clock family):
    • Boldoa, Cryptocarpus, Salpianthus,
    • Belemia, Bougainvillea, Phaeoptilum,
    • Caribea
    • Colignonia[5]
    • Abronia, Acleisanthes, Allionia, Anulocaulis, Boerhavia, Commicarpus, Cuscatlania, Cyphomeris, Mirabilis, Nyctaginia, Okenia, Tripterocalyx
    • Andradea, Leucaster, Ramisia, Reichenbachia
    • Cephalotomandra, Grajalesia, Guapira, Neea, Neeopsis, Pisonia, Pisoniella
  • Petiveriaceae:
    • Lophiocarpus, Rivina, Trichostigma, Schindleria, Hilleria, Ledenbergia, Petiveria, Monococcus, Gallesia, Seguieria.
  • Physenaceae:
    • Physena
  • Phytolaccaceae (Pokeweed family):
    • Anisomeria, Ercilla, Nowickea, Phytolacca.
    • Gallesia, Hilleria, Monococcus, Petiveria, Rivina, Schindleria, Seguieria, Trichostigma
    • Ledenbergia, Lophiocarpus, Microtea
    • Agdestes
  • Plumbaginaceae:
    • Ceratostigma, Dyerophytum, Plumbagella, Plumbago, Aegialitis, Acantholimon, Neogontscharovia, Gladiolimon, Ghaznianthus, Dictyolimon, Cephalorhizum, Bamiania, Popoviolimon, Chaetolimon, Vassilczenkoa, Limoniopsis, Ikonnikova, Goniolimon, Bukiniczia, Afrolimon, Bakerolimon, Muellerolimon, Limoniastrum, Limonium, Eremolimon, Armeria, Psylliostachys.
  • Polygonaceae (Knotweed family):
    • Antigonon, Aristocapsa, Atraphaxis, Brunnichia, Calligonum, Centrostegia, Chorizanthe, Coccoloba, Dedeckera, Dodecahema, Emex, Eriogonum, Fagopyrum, Fallopia, Gilmania, Goodmania, Gymnopodium, Harfordia, Hollisteria, Koenigia, Lastarriaea, Leptogonum, Mucronea, Muehlenbeckia, Nemacaulis, Neomillspaughia, Oxygonum, Oxyria, Oxytheca, Persicaria, Podopterus, Polygonella, Polygonum, Pteropyrum, Pterostegia, Reynoutria, Rheum, Rumex, Ruprechtia, Stenogonum, Symmeria, Systenotheca, Triplaris,
    • Acanthoscyphus, Aconogonon, Afrobrunnichia, Bistorta, Johanneshowellia, Knorringia, Parapteropyrum, Pteroxygonum, Rubrivena, Sidotheca,
  • Portulacaceae (Purselane family):
    • Calandrinia, Portulaca, Claytonia, Talinum, Montia, Lewisia.
  • Rhabdodendraceae:
    • Rhabdodendron
  • Sarcobataceae:
    • Sarcobatus
  • Simmondsiaceae:
    • Simmondsia.
  • Stegnospermataceae:
    • Stegnospermum
    • Talinaceae
    • Talinella, Talinum
  • Tamaricaceae:
    • Hololachna, Myricaria, Reaumuria, Tamarix

ROSID CLADE

BASAL ROSIDS

• ORDER VITALES:
  • VITACEAE (Grape family):
    • Leeoideae:
      • Leea.
    • Vitoideae:
      • Acereosperma, Ampelocissus, Ampelopsis, Caryratia, Cissua, Clematicissus, Cyphostemma, Nothocissus, Parthenocissus, Pterisanthes, Pterocissus, Rhoicissus, Tetrastigma, Vitis, Yua.

EUROSIDS I (THE FABIDS)

• ORDER ZYGOPHYLLALES
  • Krameriaceae:
    • Krameria
  • Zygophyllaceae (Creosote Bush family):
    • Bulnesia, Guaiacum, Larrea, Pintoa, Porlieria
    • Morkillia, Sericodes, Viscainoa
    • Seetzenia
    • Balanites, Kallstroemia, Kelleronia, Neoluederitzia, Sisyndite, Tribulopsis, Tribulus
    • Augea, Fagonia, Halimiphyllum, Melocarpum, Roepera, Tetraena, Zygophyllum
    • Izozogia, Metharme, Plectrocarpa

• ORDER CELASTRALES
  • Celastraceae (includes Hippocrateaceae; Bittersweet family; Lepuropetalaceae; Parnassiaceae):
    • Monimopetalum, Euonymus, Microtropis, Glyptopetalum, Cleastrus, Maytenus, Catha, Polycardia, Bhesa, Paxistima, Lophopetalum, Kokoona, Peripterygia, Ptelidium, Zinoweiwia, Plenckia, Tripterygium, Wimmeria, Cassine, Elaeodendron, Pleurostylia, Gyminda, Crossopetalum, Myginda, Acanthothamnus, Canotia, Mortonia, Schaefferia, Perrottetia.
    • Campylostemon, Tristemonanthus, Hippocratea, Salacighia, Thyrsosalacia, Salacia. Siphonodon.
    • Parnassia.
  • Lepidobotryaceae:
    • Lepidobotrys, Ruptiliocarpon

• ORDER OXALIDALES
  • Brunelliaceae:
    • Brunellia
  • Cephalotaceae:
    • Cephalotus.
  • Connaraceae:
    • Agelaea, Burttia, Cnestidium, Cnestis, Connarus, Ellipanthus, Hemandradenia, Jollydora, Manotes, Pseudoconnarus, Rourea, Vismianthus
  • Cunoniaceae:
    • Spiraeanthemum, Acsmithia, Aistopetalum, Gilbeea, Acrophyllum, Callicoma, Pullea, Caldcluvia, Vesselowskya, Cunonia, Weinmannia, Pancheria, Lamanonia, Geissois, Pseudoweinmannia, Platylophus, Codia, Anodopetalum, Ceratopetalum, Schizomeria, Baueria, Aphanopetalum.
  • Oxalidaceae (Wood Sorrel family):
    • Averrhoa, Biophytum, Eichleria, Oxalis.

• ORDER MALPIGHIALES
  • Although molecular analyses indicate a strong monophyletic relationship among the members of this order, clear morphological synapomorphies are lacking. Characters that occur in many but not all of the families are: dry stigmas, fibrous exotegmen, and trilacunar nodes. This order has 35 families and 13,100 species.
  • Achariaceae:
    • Acharia, Buchnerodendron, Caloncoba, Camptostylus, Ceratiosicyos, Chiangiodendron, Erythrospermum, Guthriea, Gynocardia, Hydnocarpus, Kiggelaria, Lindackeria, Pangium, Ryparosa, Trichadenia, Xylotheca
  • Balanopaceae:
    • Balanops
  • Bonnetiaceae:
    • Archytaea, Bonnetia, Neblinaria, Ploiarium
  • Calophyllaceae:
    • Calophyllum, Caraipa, Clusiella, Endodesmia, Haploclathra, Kayea, Kielmeyera, Lebrunia, Mahurea, Mammea, Marila, Mesua, Neotatea, Poeciloneuron.
  • Caryocaraceae:
    • Anthodiscus, Caryocar
    • Centroplacaceae
    • Bhesa, Centroplacus
  • Chrysobalanaceae:
    • Chrysobalanus, Grangeria, Licania, Parastemon, Bafodeya, Exellodendron, Hunga, Neocarya, Parinari, Acioa, Couepia, Maranthes, Atuna, Dactyladenia, Hirtella, Kostermanthus, Magnistipula.
  • Clusiaceae:
    • Calophyllum, Clusia, Garcinia, Mammea, Triadenum.
  • Ctenolophonaceae:
    • Ctenolophon
  • Dichapetalaceae:
    • Dichspetalum, Stephanopodium, Tapura.
  • Elatinaceae:
    • Bergia, Elatine
  • Erythroxylaceae:
    • Aneulophus, Erythroxylum, Necaropetalum, Pinacopodium
  • EUPHORBIACEAE (Spurge family): Usually woody; often with latex. Leaves usually simple; with or without stipules. Flowers hypogynous, imperfect; perianth absent or reduced. Carpels united with as many styles as carpels. Fruit often a capsular schizocarp (text with tooltip) A fruit derived from a syncarpous ovary which breaks up at maturity into 1-seeded portions (mericarps). ; seed with oily endosperm.
    • Acalyphoideae:
      • Acalypha, Adriana, Avellanita, Claoxylon, Claoxylopsis, Cleidion, Clonostylis, Coccoceras, Cordemoya, Deuteromallotus, Discoclaoxylon, Dysopsis, Erythrococca, Homonoia, Lasiococca, Leidesia, Lobanilia, Macaranga Thouars, Mallotus, Mareya, Mareyopsis, Mercurialis, Micrococca, Neotrewia, Octospermum, Ricininus, Rockinghamia, Sampantaea, Seidelia, Spathiostemon, Trewia, Wetria
      • Adelia, Crotongynopsis, Enriquebeltrania, Lasiocroton, Leucocroton.
      • Agrostistachys, Chondrostylis, Cyttaranthus, Pseudagrostistachys
      • Alcornea, Aparisthmium, Boquillonia, Orfilea
      • Conceveiba, Gavarretia, Polyandra
      • Ampera, Monotaxis
      • Adenophaedra, Amyrea, Bernardia, Discocleidion, Necepsia, Paranecepsia
      • Alchorneopsis, Caryodendron, Discoglypremna
      • Chaetocarpus, Trigonopleura
      • Cheilosa, Neoscortechinia
      • Argythamnia, Caperonia, Chiropetalum, Chrozophora, Ditaxis, Doryxylon, Melanolepis, Philyra, Speranskia, Sumbaviopsis, Thyrsanthera
      • Clutia, Kleinodendron
      • Dicoelia
      • Adenochlaena, Cephalocroton, Cephalocrotonopsis, Cephalomappa, Cladogynos, Cleidiocarpon, Epiprinus, Koilodepas, Symphyllia
      • Erismanthus, Moultonianthus, Syndyophyllum
      • Galearia, Microdesmis, Panda
      • Omphalea
      • Pera
      • Acidoton, Angostylis, Astrococcus, Cnesmone, Dalechampia, Haematostemon, Megistostigma, Pachystylidium, Platygyna, Plukenetia, Romanoa, Sphaerostylis, Tragia
      • Pogonophora
      • Argomuellera, Blumenodendron, Botryophora, Droceloncia, Podadenia, Ptychopyxis, Pycnocoma.
      • Sphyranthera.
    • Crotonoideae:
      • Adenocline, Ditta, Endospermum, Glycydendron, Kaineanthus, Tetrorchidium
      • Aleurites, Anomalocalyx, Benoistia, Cavacoa, Crotonogyne, Cyrtogonone, Grossera, Manniophyton, Neoboutonia, Neoholstia, Reutealis, Sandwithia, Tannodia, Tapoides, Vernicia
      • Acidocroton, Baliospermum, Baloghia, Blachia, Codiaeum, Colobocarpos, Dimorphocalyx, Dodecastigma, Fontainea, Hylandia, Ophellantha, Ostodes, Pantadenia, Sagotia, Strophioblachia
      • Brasiliocroton, Croton, Mildbraedia, Moacroton, Paracroton
      • Elateriospermum
      • Cladogelonium, Suregada
      • Annesijoa, Deutzianthus, Jatropha, Joannesia, Leeuwenbergia, Loerzingia, Oligoceras, Vaupesia
      • Cnidoscolus, Manihot
      • Caoutchoua, Hevea, Micrandra, Siphonanthus, Siphonia
      • Cunuria, Micrandra, Micrandropsis
      • Alphandia, Bertya, Beyeria, Borneodendron, Cocconerion, Myricanthe, Ricinocarpus
      • Ricinodendron, Schinziophyton
      • Trigonostemon
    • Euphorbioideae:
      • Anthostema, Calycopeplus, Dichostemma, Euphorbia (also Ademo, Adenopetalum, Adenorima, Agaloma, Aklema, Alectoroctonum, Allobia, Anisophyllum, Anthacantha, Aplarina, Arthrothamnus, Bojeria, Ceraselma, Chamaesyce, Characias, Chylogala, Crepidaria, Ctenadena, Cyathophora, Cystidospermum, Dactylanthes, Dematra, Desmonema, Diadenaria, Dichrophyllum, Dichylium, Diplocyathium, Ditritra, Elaeophorbia, Endadenium, Endoisila, Epurga, Esula, Euforbia, Eumecanthus, Euphorbiastrum, Euphorbiodendron, Euphorbiopsis, Euphorbium, Galarhoeus, Hexadenia, Kanopikon, Kobiosis, Lacanthis, Lathyris, Lepadena, Leptopus, Lophobios, Lortia, Lyciopsis, Medusea, Monadenium, Nisomenes, Ossifraga, Peccana, Pedilanthus, Petalandra, Pleuradena, Poinsettia, Pythius, Sclerocyathium, Stenadenium, Sterigmanthe, Synadenium, Tithymaloides, Tithymalopsis, Tithymalus, Torfasadis, Treisia, Tricherostigma, Trichosterigma, Tumalis, Vallaris, Ventenatia, Xamesike, Zalitea, Zygophyllidium), Neoguillauminia
      • Actinostemon (also Dactylostemon), Adenopeltis, Anomostachys Balakata Bonania (also Hypocoton), Colliguaja, Conosapium, Dalembertia (also Alcoceria), Dendrocousinsia, Dendrothrix, Ditrysinia, Duvigneaudia, Excoecaria (also Commia, Glyphostylus), Falconeria, Grimmeodendron, Gymnanthes (also Adenogyne, Ateramnus), Hippomane (also Mancanilla, Mancinella), Mabea, Maprounea (also Aegopicron, Aegopricon, Aegopricum), Neoshirakia (also Shirakia), Omalanthus, Pleradenophora, Pseudosenefeldera, Rhodothyrsus, Sapium (also Carumbium, Gymnobothrys, Sapiopsis, Seborium, Shirakiopsis, Stillingfleetia, Taeniosapium), Sclerocroton, Sebastiania (also Clonostachys, Cnemidostachys, Elachocroton, Gussonia, Microstachys, Sarothrostachys, Tragiopsis), Senefeldera, Senefelderopsis, Spegazziniophytum, Spirostachys, Stillingia (also Gymnostillingia), Triadica
      • Algernonia, Hura, Ophthalmoblapton,Tetraplandra (also Dendrobryon)
      • Pachystroma (also Acantholoma)
      • Hamilcoa, Nealchornea, Pimelodendron (also Stomatocalyx), Plagiostyles
  • Euphroniaceae:
    • Callisthene, Erisma, Erismadelphis, Korupodendon, Qualea, Riuzterania, Salvertia, Vochysia
    • Goupiaceae
    • Groupia
    • Humiriaceae
    • Duckesia, Endopleura, Hylocarpa, Humiria, Humiriastrum, Saccoglottis, Schistostemon, Vantanea
  • Hypericaceae:
    • Cratoxylum, Eliea, Harungana, Hypericum, Lianthus, Santomasia, Thornea, Triadenum, Vismia
  • Irvingiaceae:
    • Desbordesia, Irvingia, Klainedoxa
  • Ixonanathaceae:
    • Allantospermum, Cyrillopsis, Ixonanthes, Ochthocosmus, Phyllocosmus
  • Lacistemataceae:
    • Lacistema, Lozania
    • Linaceae
    • Anisadenia, Cliococca, Hesperolinon, Linum, Radiola, Reinwardtia, Sclerolinon, Tirpitzia
    • Durandea, Hebepetalum, Hugonia, Indorouchera, Philbornea, Roucheria
    • Lophopyxidaceae
    • Lophopyxis
  • Malpigiaceae (Barbados Cherry family):
    • Acmanthera, Acridocarpus, Adelphia, Aenigmatanthera, Alicia, Amorimia, Aspicarpa, Aspidopterys, Banisteriopsis, Barnebya, Blepharandra, Brachylophon, Bronwenia, Bunchosia, Burdachia, Byrsonima, Calcicola, Callaeum, Camarea, Carolus, Caucanthus, Christianella, Coleostachys, Cordobia, Cottsia, Diacidiam, Dicella, Digoniopterys, Dinemagonum, Dinemandra, Diplopterys, Echinopterys, Ectopopterys, Excentradenia, Flabellaria, Flabellariopsis, Gallardoa, Galphimia, Gaudichaudia, Glandonia, Heladena, Henleophytum, Heteropterys, Hiptage, Hiraea, Janusia, Jubelina, Lasiocarpus, Lophanthera, Lophopterys, Madagasikaria, Malpighia, Malpighiodes, Mascagnia, Mcvaughia, Mezia, Microsteira, Mionandra, Niedenzuella, Peixotoa, Philgamia, Psychopterys, Pterandra, Ptilochaeta, Rhynchophora, Ryssopterys, Spachea, Sphedamnocarpus, Stigmaphyllon, Tetrapterys, Thryallis, Triaspis, Tricomaria, Triopterys, Tristellateia, Verrucularia
  • Ochnaceae (includes Medusagynaceae and Quiinanaceae):
    • Elvasia (also Hostmannia, Trichovaselia or Vaselia), Lophira, Ochna (also Diporidium), Ouratea (also Kaieteuria)
    • Euthemis, Gomphia (also Campylospermum, Idertia, Rhabdophyllum), Godoya, Luxemburgia , also Charidion, Hilairella, Epiblepharis, Periblepharis, Plectanthera), Philacra, Sauvagesia (also Neckia, Leitgebia, Lavradia, Pentaspatella, Roraimanthus, Vausagesia ), Schuurmansia, Wallacea
    • Adenarake, Blastemanthus, Brackenridgea (also Pleuroridgea), Cespedesia (also Fournieria), Fleurydora, Godoya, Indosinia (also Distephania or Indovethia), Lophira, Krukoviella (also Planchonella), Perissocarpa, Poecilandra, Rhytidanthera, Schuurmansia, Schuurmansiella, Sinia, Testulea, Tyleria (also Adenanthe)
    • Pandaceae
    • Centroplacus, Galearia, Microdesmis, Panda
  • Passifloraceae (Passionflower family):
    • Adenia, Ancistrothyrsus, Androsiphonia, Barteria, Basananthe, Crossostemma, Deidamia, Dilkea, Efulensia, Hollrungia, Mitostemma, Paropsia, Paropsiopsis, Passiflora, Schlechterina, Smeanthmannia, Tetrastylis, Tryphostemma, Viridivia
  • Phyllanthaceae:
    • Actephila, Amanoa, Andrachne, Antidesma, Apodiscus, Aporosa, Ashtonia, Astrocasia, Baccaurea, Bischofia, Bridelia, Celianella, Chascotheca, Chonocentrum, Chorisandrachne, Cleistanthus, Croizatia, Dicoelia, Didymocistus, Discocarpus, Distichirrhops, Flueggea, Gonatogyne, Heywoodia, Hieronyma, Hymenocardia, Jablonskia, Keayodendron, Lachnostylis, Leptonema, Leptopus, Lingelsheimia, Maesobotrya, Margaritaria, Martretia, Meineckia, Nothobaccaurea, Oreoporanthera, Pentabrachion, Phyllanthus, Plagiocladus, Poranthera, Protomegabaria, Pseudolachnostylis, Richeria, Savia, Securinega, Spondianthus, Tacarcuna, Thecacoris, Uapaca, Wielandia, Zimmermannia, Zimmermanni
  • Picrodendraceae:
    • Androstachys, Aristogeitonia, Austrobuxus, Canaca, Celaenodendron, Choriceras, Dissiliaria, Hyaenanche, Kairothamnus, Longetia, Micrantheum, Mischodon, Neoroepera, Oldfieldia, Parodiodendron, Petalostigma, Picrodendron, Piranhea, Podocalyx, Pseudanthus, Scagea, Stachyandra, Stachystemon, Tetracoccus, Voatamalo, Whyanbeelia
  • Podostemaceae:
    • Angolaea, Apinagia, Butumia, Castelnavia, Ceratolacis, Cladopus, Cipoia, Crenias, Crenias, Dalzellia, Devillea, Diamantina, Dicraea, Dicraeanthus, Diplobryum, Djinga, Endocaulos, Farmeria, Hydrobryopsis, Hydrobryum, Indotristicha, Jenmaniella, Lawia, Ledermanniella, Leiothylax, Letestuella, Lonchostephus, Lophogyne, Macarenia, Macropodiella, Malaccotristicha, Marathrum, Monostylis, Mourera, Oserya, Paleodicraeia, Podostemum, Polypleurella, Polypleurum, Rhyncholacis, Saxicolella, Sphaerothylax, Stonesia, Thelethylax, Torrenticola, Tristicha, Tulasneantha, Weddellina, Willisia, Winklerella, Zehnderia, Zeylandium
  • Putranjivaceae:
    • Drypetes, Linelsheimia, Putranjiva, Sibangea.
  • Rafflesiaceae:
    • Rafflesia, Rhizanthes, Sapria.
  • Rhizophoraceae (Red Mangrove family):
    • Anopyxis, Blepharistemma, Bruguiera, Carallia, Cassipourea, Ceriops, Comiphyton, Crossostylis, Dactylopetalum, Gynotroches, Kandelia, Macarisia, Paradrypetes, Pellacalyx, Rhizophora, Sterigmapetalum.
    • Questionable genera: Mourera, Tulasneantha, Lonchostephus, Apinagia, Maranthrum, Rhyncholacis, Jenmaniella, Lophogyne, Hydrobryum, Hydrobryopsis, Leiothylax, Crenias, Cladopus, Zeylanidium, Podostemum, Castelnavia, Farmeria.
  • SALICACEAE (Willow family): Trees or shrubs. Vessels with simple perforations. Leaves alternate, simple, and stipulate. Flowers very reduced (no corolla (text with tooltip) The inner perianth, composed of free or united petals. and a reduced calyx (text with tooltip) The outer perianth, composed of free of united sepals. ), imperfect and borne in unisexual catkins (text with tooltip) A spicate, often pendulous, inflourescence of a unisexual apetalous flower. . Seeds tiny and dispersed by means of seed hairs. No endosperm.
    • Abatia, Aphaerema, Azara, Banara, Bartholomaea, Bembicia, Bennettiodendron, Bivinia, Byrsanthus, Calantica, Carrierea, Casearia, Chosenia, Dissomeria, Dovyalis, Euceraea, Flacourtia, Hasseltia, Hasseltiopsis, Hecatostemon, Hemiscolopia, Homalium, Idesia, Itoa, Laetia, Lasiochlamys, Ludia, Lunania, Macrohasseltia, Mocquerysia, Neopringlea, Neoptychocarpus, Neosprucea, Olmediella, Oncoba, Ophiobotrys, Osmelia, Phyllobotryon, Phylloclinium, Pineda, Pleuranthodendron, Poliothyrsis, Populus, Priamosia, Prockia, Pseudosalix,, Pseudoscolopia, Pseudosmelia, Ryania, Salix, Samyda, Scolopia, Scyphostegia, Tetrathylacium, Tisonia, Trichostephanus, Trimeria, Xylosma, Zuelania
  • Trigoniaceae:
    • Humbertiodendron, Trigonia, Trigoniastrum, Trigoniodendron
  • VIOLACEAE (Violet family): Trees, shrubs or herbs. Vessels with simple perforations. Leaves variable; alternate, opposite; rosette, spiral, or two-ranked; usually simple; with or without stipules. Flowers with 5 sepals and 5 petals; perfect and zygomorphic. Stamens usually 5 in ring around gynoecium. Gynoecium often of 3 fused pistils. Fruit a loculicidal (text with tooltip) A compartment of an ovary or an anther. capsule.
    • Fusispermoideae:
      • Fusispermum
    • Leonioideae:
      • Leonia
    • Violoideae:
      • Agatea, Allexis, Amphirrhox, Anchietea, Corynostylis, Decorsella, Gloeospermum, Hekkingia, Hybanthopsis, Hybanthus, Hymenanthera, Isodendrion, Mayanaea, Melicytus, Noisettia, Orthion, Paypayrola, Rinorea, Rinoreocarpus, Schweiggeria, Viola

• ORDER CUCURBITALES
  • The members of this order share the characters of epigynous and imperfect flowers, parietal placentation (text with tooltip) The arrangement in which ovules are attached to the ovulary. , cucurbitoid tooth type, cucurbitacins (oxidized triterpenes), and separate vascular bundles in the stem. This order has three families with four more possibly indicated by molecular analyses.
  • Anisophyllaceae:
    • Anisophyllea, Combretocarpus, Poga, Polygonanthus
  • Begoniaceae (Begonia family):
    • Begonia, Hillebrandia.
  • Coriariaceae:
    • Coriaria
  • Corynocarpaceae:
    • Corynocarpus
  • CUCURBITACEAE (Cucumber family): Generally vines with tendrils that coil and arise from the nodes; no stipules; petals fused into a cone. Monoecious or dioecious. Fruit is a berry, usually modified to a hard outer rind in which case it becomes a pepo (text with tooltip) A unilocular, many-seeded, hard-walled berry that forms the fruit of some plants. .
    • Zanonioideae:
      • Fevillea
      • Alsomitra Zanonia Siolmatra Gerrardanthus Zygosicyos Xerosicyos Neoalsomitra
      • Hemsleya Gomphogyne Gynostemma
      • Bolbostemma Actinostemma
      • Sicydium Chalema Pteropepon Pseudosicydium Cyclantheropsis
    • Cucurbitoideae:
      • Kedrostis Dendrosicyos Corallocarpus Ibervillea Tumamoca Halosicyos Ceratosanthes Doyerea Trochomeriopsis Seyrigia Dieterlea Cucurbitella Apodanthera Guraniopsis Melothrianthus Wilbrandia
      • Helmontia Psiguria Gurania
      • Melancium Cucumeropsis Posadaea Melothria Muellarargia Zehneria Cucumis (including: Mukia, Dicaelospermum, Cucumella, Oreosyce, and Myrmecosicyos).
      • Solena Trochomeria Dactyliandra Ctenolepsis
      • Schizopepon
      • Indofevillea Siraitia Thladiantha Momordica
      • Telfaria
      • Hodgsonia
      • Ampelosicyos Peponium
      • Gymnopetalum Trichosanthes Tricyclandra
      • Cephalopentandra Biswarea Herpetospermum Edgaria
      • Cogniauxia Ruthalicia Lagenaria Benincasa Praecitrullus Citrullus Acanthosicyos Eureiandra Bambekea Nothoalsomitra Coccinia Diplocyclos Raphidiocystis Lemurosicyos Zombitsia Ecballium Bryonia
      • Luffa
      • Cucurbita Sicana Tecunumania Calycophysum Peponopsis Anacaona Polyclathra Schizocarpum Penelopeia Cionosicyos Cayaponia Selysia Abobra
      • Hanburia Echinopepon Marah Echinocystis Vaseyanthus Brandegea Apatzingania Cremastopus Elateriopsis Pseudocyclanthera Cyclanthera Rytidostylis
      • Sicyos Sicyosperma Parasicyos Microsechium Sechium Sechiopsis Pterosicyos
  • Datiscaceae:
    • Datisca.
  • Tetrameallceae:
    • Octomeles, Tetrameles

• ORDER FABALES
  • The monophyly of the order is well-supported by molecular analyses. Morphological synapomorphies include: vessel elements with single perforations, a large, green embryo, and the presence of ellagic acid. This order has 4 families and 18,860 species.
  • FABACEAE (Leguminosae; Legume or Bean family): Trees, shrubs, herbs or vines; very often with root nodules. Vessels simple. Leaves usually alternate and pinnately compound; stipulate. Flowers mostly in racemes, corymbs (text with tooltip) A racemose inflorescence with pedicels of different lengths causing the flower cluster to be flat topped. , spikes or heads (text with tooltip) A short dense spike of flowers. . Strongly zygomorphic; 5 sepals; 5 petals. Gynoecium usually a single carpel. Fruit usually dry and dehiscent (a legume (text with tooltip) Two valved fruit formed from a single carpel in most members of the leguminosae. ). Embryo large and no endosperm.
    • Mimosoideae:
      • Adenanthera, Anadenanthera, Aubrevillea, Cylicodiscus, Desmanthus, Dichrostachys, Dinizia, Elephantorrhiza, Leucaena, Mimosa, Neptunia, Newtonia, Parkia, Pentaclethra, Piptadenia, Prosopis, Stryphnodendron, Xylia
    • Mimozyganthus
      • Acacia, Acaciella, Senegalia, Vachellia
      • Affonsea, Albizia, Archidendron, Calliandra, Enterolobium, Faidherbia, Havardia, Inga, Lysiloma, Paraserianthes, Pithecellobium, Serianthes, Zygia
    • Cesalpinoideae:
      • Bauhinia, Brenierea, Cercis
      • Afzelia, Amherstia, Anthonotha, Aphanocalyx, Baikiaea, Berlinia, Brachystegia, Brownea, Copaifera, Crudia, Cynometra, Daniellia, Detarium, Dicymbe, Eperua, Gilbertiodendron, Guibourtia, Hymenaea, Intsia, Isoberlinia, Julbernardia, Kingiodendron, Macrolobium, Maniltoa, Microberlinia, Peltogyne, Saraca, Schotia, Tamarindus, Tessmannia
      • Cassia, Chamaecrista, Dialium, Koompassia, Labichea, Senna
      • Acrocarpus, Ceratonia, Caesalpinia, Colvillea, Cordeauxia, Delonix, Dimorphandra, Erythrophleum, Gleditsia, Gymnocladus, Haematoxylum, Hoffmannseggia, Melanoxylon, Parkinsonia, Pterogyne, Pterolobium, Recordoxylon, Sclerolobium, Tachigali,
    • Faboideae:
      • Xanthocercis
      • Aldina, Cordyla, Swartzia, Zollernia
      • Ateleia, Baphia, Cadia, Camoensia, Castanospermum, Cladrastis, Diplotropis, Maackia, Myroxylon, Ormosia, Pericopsis, Salweenia, Sophora
      • Dipteryx, Pterodon
      • Brongniartia, Harpalyce, Hovea, Poecilanthe
      • Euchresta
      • Ammopiptanthus, Anagyris, Baptisia, Pickeringia, Piptanthus, Thermopsis
      • Amphithalea, Cyclopia, Liparia, Podalyria, Virgilia
      • Aspalathus, Crotalaria, Lebeckia, Lotononis, Rafnia
      • Adenocarpus, Argyrocytisus, Argyrolobium, Cytisophyllum, Cytisus, Echinospartum, Erinacea, Genista, Gonocytisus, Laburnocytisus, Laburnum, Lupinus, Petteria, Retama, Spartium, Ulex
      • Amorpha, Dalea
      • Adesmia, Aeschynomene, Andira, Arachis, Brya, Dalbergia, Dalbergiella, Hymenolobium, Inocarpus, Kotschya, Machaerium, Nissolia, Ormocarpum, Pictetia, Pterocarpus, Poiretia, Smithia, Stylosanthes, Zornia
      • Hypocalyptus
      • Aotus, Chaetocalyx, Chorizema, Daviesia, Dillwynia, Gastrolobium, Gompholobium, Jacksonia, Mirbelia, Oxylobium, Pultenaea
      • Bossiaea
      • Cyamopsis, Indigofera, Phylloxylon, Rhynchotropis
      • Craibia, Derris, Lonchocarpus, Millettia, Paraderris, Platysepalum, Tephrosia, Wisteria
      • Abrus
      • Apios, Butea, Cajanus, Canavalia, Centrosema, Clitoria, Dioclea, Dolichos, Dunbaria, Eriosema, Erythrina, Flemingia, Glycine, Kennedia, Lablab, Mucuna, Phaseolus, Pueraria, Rhynchosia, Teramnus, Vigna
      • Alysicarpus, Codariocalyx, Dendrolobium, Desmodium, Lespedeza, Uraria
      • Cullen, Bituminaria, Orbexilum, Otholobium, Pediomelum, Psoralea
      • Sesbania
      • Anthyllis, Antopetitia, Coronilla, Cytisopsis, Hippocrepis, Hymenocarpos, Lotus, Scorpiurus, Ornithopus,
      • Coursetia, Diphysa, Gliricidia, Robinia,
      • Coursetia, Diphysa, Gliricidia, Robinia,
      • Alhagi, Astragalus, Biserrula, Calophaca, Carmichaelia, Chesneya, Clianthus, Colutea, Donia, Galega, Glycyrrhiza, Gueldenstaedtia, Eremosparton, Halimodendron, Lessertia, Montigena, Oreophysa, Oxytropis, Smirnowia, Sphaerophysa, Streblorrhiza, Swainsona
      • Caragana, Ebenus, Eversmannia, Hedysarum, Onobrychis, Stracheya
      • Cicer
      • Medicago, Melilotus, Ononis, Parochetus, Trifolium, Trigonella
      • Lathyrus, Lens, Pisum, Vavilovia, Vicia
  • Polygalaceae (Milkwort family):
    • Atroxima, Badiera, Balgoya, Barnhartia, Bredemeyera, Carpolobia, Comesperma, Diclidanthera, Epirixanthes, Eriandra, Monnina, Monrosia, Moutabea, Muraltia, Nylandtia, Polygala, Pteromonnina, Salomonia, Securidaca, Xanthophyllum
  • Quillajaceae:
    • Quillaja
  • Surianaceae:
    • Cadellia, Guilfoylia, Recchia, Stylobasium, Suriana.

• ORDER FAGALES
  • The morphological synapomorphies for this order are: imperfect flowers with tepals reduced or missing; usually epigynous. Staminate flowers in catkins; plants wind-pollinated. Fruits indehiscent with one seed (usually a nut).
  • Betulacaceae (Birch family):
    • Alnus, Betula, Carpinus, Corylus, Ostrya, Ostryopsis.
  • Casuarinaceae (She-Oak family):
    • Allocasuarina, Casuarina, Ceuthostoma, Gymnostoma.
  • FAGACEAE (Oak or Beech family): Trees or shrubs. Leaves alternate, simple and pinnately veined. Flowers small and imperfect. Often the staminate flowers are in catkins. Pistillate flowers subtended by an involucre (text with tooltip) A ring of bracts surrounding the head of flowers in the compositae family or subtending the umbel in the umbelliferae family. of many bracts. Fruit a nut, samara (text with tooltip) A dry indehiscent winged fruit. or drupe. Seed with no endosperm.
    • Castanea, Castaniopsis, Chrysolepis, Colombobalanus, Fagus, Formanodendron, Lithocarpus, Quercus, Trigonobalanus.
  • JUGLANDACEAE (Walnut family): Aromatic trees or shrubs. Leaves alternate and usually pinnately compound. Flowers imperfect; sepals 4, stamens 3 to many. Gynoecium of 2 united carpels. Fruit often a drupe-like nut; embryo with little or no endosperm and oily.
    • Engelhardioideae:
      • Alfaroa, Engelhardia, Oreomunnea
    • Juglandoideae:
      • Carya, Cyclocarya, Juglans, Platycarya, Pterocarya
      • includes Rhoipteleaceae: Rhoiptelea.
  • Myricaceae (Bayberry family):
    • Canamyrica, Comptonia, Morella, Myrica.
  • Nothofagaceae:
    • Nothofagus
  • Ticodendraceae:
    • Ticodendron.

• ORDER ROSALES
  • The monophyly of this group is well-supported by molecular analyses. Despite its morphological variability, the order may be defined by the following synapomorphies: lack of endosperm, the presence of a hypanthium which was lost in those with highly reduced flowers. This order has 11 families and 6,300 species.
  • Barbeyaceae:
    • Barbeya
  • Cannabaceae (Hemp or Hop family; includes Celtidaceae, the Hackberry or Sugarberry family):
    • Aphananthe, Cannabis, Celtis, Chaetachme, Gironniera, Humulus, Lozanella, Parasponia, Pteroceltis, Trema
  • Dirachmaceae:
    • Dirachma
    • Elaeagnaceae
    • Elaeagnus, Hippophae, Shepherdia.
  • MORACEAE (Mulberry or Fig family): Trees, shrubs, vines or herbs with lactifers in all parenchymatous tissue. Vessels simple. Leaves usually alternate, 2-ranked or spiral; usually simple and stipulate. Flowers unisexual (imperfect). Sepals (4-5) and an equal number of stamens. Ovulary epigynous or hypogynous, with a single locule. Fruits variable but usually achenes, drupes or nuts as part of a multiple fruit.
    • Artocarpus, Batocarpus, Clarisia, Hullettia, Parartocarpus, Prainea, Treculia
    • Antiaris, Antiaropsis, Castilla, Helicostylis, Maquira, Mesogyne, Naucleopsis, Perebia, Poulsenia, Pseudolmedia, Sparattosyce
    • Brosimum, Bosqueiopsis, Dorstenia, Helianthostylis, Scyphosyce, Trilepisium, Trymatococcus, Utsetela
    • Ficus
    • Bagassa, Bleekrodea, Broussonetia, Fatoua, Maclura, Milicia, Morus, Sorocea, Streblus, Trophis
  • Rhamnaceae (Buckthorn family):
    • Ampelozizyphus
    • Bathiorhamnus
    • Adolphia, Colletia, Discaria, Kentrothamnus, Retanilla, Trevoa
    • Doerpfeldia
    • Alvimiantha, Crumenaria, Gouania, Helinus, Johnstonia, Reissekia
    • Maesopsis
    • Hovenia, Paliurus, Ziziphus
    • Nesiota†, Noltea, Phylica
    • Blackallia, Cryptandra, Pomaderris, Siegfriedia, Spyridium, Stenanthemum, Trymalium
    • Auerodendron, Berchemia, Berchemiella, Chaydaia, Condalia, Frangula, Karwinskia, Krugiodendron, Reynosia, Rhamnella, Rhamnus, Sageretia, Scutia
    • Smythea, Ventilago
    • Incertae sedis: Alphitonia, Ceanothus, Colubrina, Emmenosperma, Lasiodiscus
  • ROSACEAE (Rose family): Woody or herbaceous. Leaves variable; alternate or opposite; simple or compound; with or without stipules. Stamens numerous. Gynoecium variable; apocarpous or syncarpous (text with tooltip) Having united carpels. . Fruit variable.
    • Rosoideae:
      • Acaena, Agrimonia, Alchemilla, Aphanes, Aremonia, Argentina, Bencomia, Cliffortia, Chamaerhodos, Comarum, Dasiphora, Dendriopoterium, Drymocallis, Fallugia, Filipendula, Fragaria, Geum, Hagenia, Horkelia, Horkeliella, Ivesia, Kerria, Leucosidea, Margyricarpus, Polylepis, Potaninia, Potentilla, Poteridium, Poterium, Purpusia, Rhodotypos, Rosa, Rubus, Sanguisorba, Sarcopoterium, Sibbaldia, Sibbaldianthe, Sibbaldiopsis, Sieversia, Spenceria, Stellariopsis, Tetraglochin, Waldsteinia
    • Spiraeoideae (expanded to include the former subfamilies Maloidea and Prunoidea:
      • Traditional Spiroideae: Adenostoma, Aruncus, Chamaebatiaria, Chamaemeles, Coleogyne, Exochorda, Holodiscus, Kageneckia, Kelseya, Kerria, Lindleya, Luetkea, Lyonothamnus, Neillia, Neviusia, Petrophyton, Physocarpus, Rhodotypos, Sibiraea, Sorbaria, Spiraea, Spiraeanthus, Vauquelinia, Xerospiraea
      • Former Maloideae: Amelanchier, Aronia, Chaenomeles, Cotoneaster, Crataegus, Cydonia, Dichotomanthes, Docynia, Docyniopsis, Eriobotrya, Eriolobus, Gillenia, Hesperomeles, Heteromeles, Malacomeles, Malus, Mespilus, Osteomeles, Peraphyllum, Photinia, Pseudocydonia, Pyracantha, Pyrus, Rhaphiolepis, Sorbus (the following considered subgenera of Sorbus: Aria, Chamaemespilus, Cormus, Torminalis), Stranvaesia
      • Former Prunoideae: Maddenia, Oemleria, Prunus, Prinsepia
    • Dryoideae:
      • Cercpcarpus, Chamaebatia, Dryas, Purshia
  • Ulmaceae (Elm family):
    • Ampelocera, Chaetacme, Hemiptelea, Holoptelea, Phyllostylon, Planera, Trema, Ulmus, Zelkova.
  • Urticaceae (Nettle family; and includes Cecropiaceae):
    • Aboriella, Achudemia, Archiboehmeria, Astrothalamus, Australina, Boehmeria, Cecropia, Chamabainia, Coussapoa, Cypholophus, Debregeasia, Dendrocnide, Didymodoxa, Discocnide, Droguetia, Elatostema, Forsskaolea, Gesnouinia, Gibbsia, Girardinia, Laportea, Lecanthus, Leucosyke, Maoutia, Meniscogyne, Metatrophis, Myriocarpa, Nanocnide, Neodistemon, Neraudia, Nothocnide, Obetia, Oreocnide, Parietaria, Pellionia, Petelotiella, Phenax, Pilea, Pipturus, Pouzolzia, Procris, Rousselia, Sarcochlamys, Sarcopilea, Soleirolia, Touchardia, Urera, Urtica.

EUROSIDS II (THE MALVIDS)

• ORDER GERANIALES
  • Geraniaceae (Geranium or Crane’s Bill family):
    • Erodium, Geranium, Hypseocharis, Monsonia, Pelargonium, Rhynchotheca, Sarcocaulon.
  • Melianthaceae:
    • Bersama, Greyia, Melianthus
  • Vivianiaceae:
    • Caesarea, Viviania

• ORDER MYRTALES
  • Synapomorphies include vessel elements with fringed pits, stems with internal phloem, stamens incurved in the bud, a single style, carpels connate; usually with entire, opposite leaves. Though well-supported as a monophyletic group, this order has weak support in association either with the Eurosid I or Eurosid II clade. This order has 14 families and 9,000 species.
  • Alzateaceae:
    • Alzatea
  • Combretaceae (White Mangrove family):
    • Anogeissus, Buchenavia, Bucida, Calycopteris, Combretum, Combretum, Dansiea, Guiera, Laguncularia, Lumnitzera, Macropteranthes, Meiostemon, Pteleopsis, Quisqualis, Strephonema, Terminalia, Terminaliopsis, Thiloa
  • Crypteroniaceae:
    • Axinandra, Crypteronia, Dactylocladus
  • Lythaceae (includes Sonneratiaceae, Trapaceae, Punicaceae; Loosestrife family):
    • Adenaria, Ammania, Capuronia, Crenea, Cuphea, Decodon, Didiplis, Diplusodon, Galpinia, Ginoria, Haitia, Heimia, Hionanthera, Koehneria, Lafoensia, Lagerstroemia, Lawsonia, Lourtella, Lythrum, Nesaea, Pehria, Pemphis, Peplis, Physocalymma, Pleurophora, Rotala, Tetrataxis, Woodfordia
    • Punica
    • Sonneratia
    • Duabanga
    • Trapa
  • Melastomataceae (Meadow Beauty family includes Memecylaceae):
    • Acanthella, Aciotis, Acisanthera, †Acrovena, Adelobotrys, Allomaieta, Allomorphia, Alloneuron, Amphiblemma, Amphitoma, Amphorocalyx, Anaectocalyx, Anerincleistus, Antherotoma, Appendicularia, Arthrostemma, Aschistanthera, Astrocalyx, Astronia, Astronidium, Axinaea, Barthea, Beccarianthus, Behuria, Bellucia, Benevidesia, Bertolonia, Bisglaziovia, Blakea, Blastus, Boerlagea, Boyania, Brachyotum, Brachypremna, Bredia, Brittenia, Bucquetia, Cailliella, Calvoa, Calycogonium, Cambessedesia, Campimia, Carionia, Castratella, Catanthera, Catocoryne, Centradenia, Centradeniastrum, Centronia, Chaetolepis, Chaetostoma, Chalybea, Charianthus, Cincinnobotrys, Clidemia, Comolia, Comoliopsis, Conostegia, Copedesma, Creaghiella, Creochiton, Cryptophysa, Cyanandrium, Cyphostyla, Cyphotheca, Dalenia, Desmoscelis, Dicellandra, Dicerospermum, Dichaetanthera, Dinophora, Dionycha, Dionychastrum, Diplarpea, Diplectria, Dissochaeta, Dissotis, Dolichoura, Driessenia, Eisocreochiton, Enaulophyton, Eriocnema, Ernestia, Farringtonia, Feliciadamia, Felliciadamia, Fordiophyton, Fritzchia, Graffenrieda, Gravesia, Guyonia, Henriettea, Henriettellal, Heterocentron, Heterotis, Heterotrichum, Huberia, Huilaea, Hylocharis, Hypenanthe, Kendrickia, Kerriothyrsus, Killipia, Kirkbridea, Lavoisiera, Leandra, Lijndenia, Lithobium, Llewelynia, Loreya, Loricalepis, Macairea, Macrocentrum, Macrolenes, Maguireanthus, Maieta, Mallophyton, Marcetia, Mecranium, Medinilla, Meiandra, Melastoma, Melastomastrum, Memecyclon, Menendezia, Meriania, Merianthera, Miconia, Microlepis, Microlicia, Mommsenia, Monochaetum, Monolena, Mouriri, Myriaspora, Myrmidone, Neblinanthera, Necramium, Neodriessenia, Nepsera, Nerophila, Ochthephilus, Ochthocharis, Omphalopus, Opisthocentra, Oritrephes, Orthogoneuron, Osbeckia, Ossaea, Otanthera, Oxyspora, Pachyanthus, Pachycentria, Pachyloma, Pentossaea, Phainantha, Phainanthe, Phyllagathis, Pilocosta, Plagiopetalum, Pleiochiton, Plethiandra, Podocaelia, Pogonanthera, Poikilogyne, Poilannammia, Poteranthera, Preussiella, Pseudodissochaeta, Pseudoernestia, Pseudosbeckia, Pternandra, Pterogastra, Pterolepis (Pterolepsis?), Rhexia, Rhynchanthera, Rousseauxia, Sagraea (?), Salpinga, Sandemania, Sarcopyramis, Schwackaea, Scorpiothyrsus, Siphanthera, Sonerila, Spathandra, Sporoxeia, Stanmarkia, Stapfiophyton, Stenodon, Stussenia, Styrophyton, Sussenia, Svitramia, Tateanthus, Tayloriophyton, Tessmannianthus, Tetraphyllaster, Tetrazygia, Tibouchina, Tibouchinopsis, Tigridiopalma, Tococa, Topobea, Trembleya, Trigynia, Triolena, Tristemma, Tryssophyton, Tylanthera, Vietsenia, Votomita, Warneckea.
  • MYRTACEAE (Myrtle family): Shrubs to large trees; leaves glandular, usually opposite, simple, evergreen, entire (text with tooltip) With an unbroken margin; not tooted or lobed. , no stipules. Flowers perfect, actinomorphic, epigynous; 4-5 sepals; 4-5 petals; many stamens, gynoecium of 2-3 carpels; style long and simple. Inflorescence mostly cymose. Fruit usually a fleshy berry. Seed with no endosperm.
    • Myrtoideae:
      • Backhousia, Choricarpia.
      • Actinodium, Aluta, Astartea, Astus, Babingtonia, Baeckea, Balaustion, Calytrix, Chamelaucium, Corynanthera, Darwinia, Eurymomyrtus, Homalocalyx, Homoranthus, Hypocalymma, Malleostemon, Micromyrtus, Ochrosperma, Pileanthus, Rinzia, Scholtzia, Thryptomene, Triplarina, Verticordia.
      • Allosyncarpia, Angophora, Arillastrum, Corymbia, Eucalyptopsis, Eucalyptus, Stockwellia.
      • Barongia, Basisperma, Kania, Lysicarpus, Mitrantia, Ristantia, Sphaerantia, Tristania.
      • Agonis, Angasomyrtus, Asteromyrtus, Homalospermum, Kunzea, Leptospermum, Neofabricia, Pericalymma.
      • Lindsayomyrtus.
      • Kjellbergiodendron, Lophostemon, Welchiodendron, Whiteodendron.
      • Beaufortia, Callistemon, Calothamnus, Eremaea, Lamarchea, Melaleuca, Phymatocarpus, Regelia.
      • Mearnsia, Metrosideros, Tepualia.
      • Acca, Accara, Algrizea, Amomyrtella, Amomyrtus, Archirhodomyrtus, Austromyrtus, Blepharocalyx, Calycolpus, Calycorectes, Campomanesia, Chamguava, Decaspermum, Eugenia, Feijoa, Hexachlamys, Hottea, Kanakomyrtus, Legrandia, Lenwebbia, Lithomyrtus, Lophomyrtus, Luma, Marlierea, Meteoromyrtus, Mitranthes, Monimiastrum, Mosiera, Myrceugenia, Myrcia, Myrcianthes, Myrciaria, Myrrhinium, Myrtastrum, Myrtella, Myrteola, Myrtus, Neomitranthes, Neomyrtus, Octamyrtus, Pilidiostigma, Pimenta, Plinia, Pseudanamomis, Psidium, Rhodamnia, Rhodomyrtus, Siphoneugena, Ugni, Uromyrtus.
      • Osbornia.
      • Syncarpia.
      • Acmena, Acmenosperma, Calyptranthes (Calyptranthus?), Cleistocalyx, Cupheanthus, Piliocalyx, Syzygium, Waterhousea.
      • Thaleropia, Tristania, Xanthomyrtus.
      • Pleurocalyptus, Purpureostemon, Xanthostemon.
    • Psiloxyloideae:
      • Heteropyxis.
      • Psiloxylon.
  • Onagraceae (Evening Primrose family):
    • Ludwigia
    • Camissonia, Camissoniopsis, Chamerion, Chylismia, Circaea, Clarkia, Epilobium, Eremothera, Eucharidium, Eulobus, Fuchsia, Gayophytum, Gaura, Gongylocarpus, Hauya, Holmgrenia, Lopezia, Megacorax, Oenothera, Stenosiphon, Taraxia, Tetrapteron, Xylonagra
  • Penaeaceae (includes Oliniaceae and Rhynchcaylcaceae):
    • Brachysiphon, Endonema, Glischrocolla, Penaea, Saltera, Sonderothamnus, Stylapterus
  • Vochysiacaceae:
    • Callisthene, Erisma, Erismadelphus, Euphronia, Korupodendron, Qualea, Ruizterania, Salvertia, Vochysia.

• ORDER CROSSOSOMATALES
  • Aphloiaceae:
    • Aphloia
  • Crossosomataceae:
    • Apacheria, Crossosoma, Glossopetalon
  • Geissolomataceae:
    • Geissoloma
  • Guamatelaceae:
    • Guamatela
  • Stachyuraceae:
    • Stachyurus
  • Staphyleaceae:
    • Euscaphis, Huertea, Staphylea, Tapiscia, Turpinia
  • Strasburgeriaceae:
    • Strasburgeria

• ORDER PICRAMNIALES
  • Picramniaceae:
    • Alvaradoa
    • Picramnia

• ORDER HUERTEALES
  • Dipentodontaceae:
    • Dipentodon
  • Gerrardinaceae:
    • Gerrardina
  • Tapisciaceae:
    • Huerta, Tapiscia

• ORDER BRASSICALES (CAPPARALES)
  • Synapomorphies for this small but diverse order are the presence of glucosinolates and myrosin cells. When glucosinolates and myrosinase (in the myrosin cells) come together, mustard oils are released. This order has 15 families.
  • Akaniaceae:
    • Akania, Bretschneidera
  • Bataceae:
    • Batis
  • BRASSICACEAE (Cruciferae; Mustard or Caper family): Usually herbs but can be trees or shrubs. Vessels with simple perforations. Leaves usually alternate; simple, compound or dissected; with or without stipules. Flowers usually in terminal racemes and perfect. Perianth segments distinct and usually in 4’s. Stamens 4-many. Fruit usually a special capsule.
    • Acanthocardamum, Aethionema, Agallis, Alliaria, Alyssoides, Alysopsis, Alyssum, Ammosperma, Anastatica, Anchonium, Andrzeiowskia, Anelsonia, Aphragmus, Aplanodes, Arabidella, Arabidopsis, Arabis, Arcyosperma, Armoracia, Aschersoniodoxa, Asperuginoides, Asta, Atelanthera, Athysanus, Aubrieta, Aurinia, Ballantinia, Barbarea, Beringia, Berteroa, Berteroella, Biscutella, Bivonaea, Blennodia, Boleum, Boreava, Bornmuellera, Borodinia, Botscantzevia, Brachycarpaea, Brassica, Braya, Brayopsis, Brossardia, Bunias, Cakile, Calepina, Calymmatium, Camelina, Camelinopsis, Capsella, Cardamine, Cardaminopsis, Cardaria, Carinavalva, Carrichtera, Catadysia, Catenulina, Caulanthus, Caulostramina, Ceratocnemum, Ceriosperma, Chalcanthus, Chamira, Chartoloma, Cheesemania, Cheiranthus, Chlorocrambe, Chorispora, Christolea, Chrysobraya, Chrysochamela, Cithareloma, Clastopus, Clausia, Clypeola, Cochlearia, Coelonema, Coincya, Coluteocarpus, Conringia, Cordylocarpus, Coronopus, Crambe, Crambella, Cremolobus, Crucihimalaya, Cryptospora, Cuphonotus, Cusickiella, Cycloptychis, Cymatocarpus, Cyphocardamum, Dactylocardamum, Degenia, Delpinophytum, Descurainia, Diceratella, Dichasianthus, Dictyophragmus, Didesmus, Didymophysa, Dielsiocharis, Dilophia, Dimorphocarpa, Diplotaxis, Dipoma, Diptychocarpus, Dithyrea, Dolichirhynchus, Dontostemon, Douepea, Draba, Drabastrum, Drabopsis, Dryopetalon, Eigia, Elburzia, Enarthrocarpus, Englerocharis, Eremobium, Eremoblastus, Eremodraba, Eremophyton, Ermania, Ermaniopsis, Erophila, Eruca, Erucaria, Erucastrum, Erysimum, Euclidium, Eudema, Eutrema, Euzomodendron, Farsetia, Fezia, Fibigia, Foleyola, Fortuynia, Galitzkya, Geococcus, Glaribraya, Glastaria, Glaucocarpum, Goldbachia, Gorodkovia, Graellsia, Grammosperma, Guillenia, Guiraoa, Gynophorea, Halimolobos, Harmsiodoxa, Hedinia, Heldreichia, Heliophila, Hemicrambe, Hemilophia, Hesperis, Heterodraba, Hirschfeldia, Hollermayera, Hormathophylla, Hornungia, Hornwoodia, Hugueninia, Hymenolobus, Ianhedgea, Iberis, Idahoa, Iodanthus, Ionopsidium, Irenepharsus, Isatis, Ischnocarpus, Iskandera, Iti, Ivania, Kernera, Kremeriella, Lachnocapsa, Lachnoloma, Leavenworthia, Lepidium, Lepidostemon, Leptaleum, Lesquerella, Lignariella, Lithodraba, Lobularia, Lonchophora, Loxostemon, Lunaria, Lyocarpus, Lyrocarpa, Macropodium, Malcolmia, Mancoa, Maresia, Mathewsia, Matthiola, Megacarpaea, Megadenia, Menkea, Menonvillea, Microlepidium, Microsysymbrium, Microstigma, Morettia, Moricandia, Moriera, Morisia, Murbeckiella, Muricaria, Myagrum, Nasturtiopsis, Nasturtium, Neomartinella, Neotchihatchewia, Neotorularia, Nerisyrenia, Neslia, Neuontobotrys, Notoceras, Notothlaspi, Ochthodium, Octoceras, Olimarabidopsis, Onuris, Oreoloma, Oreophyton, Ornithocarpa, Orychophragmus, Otocarpus, Oudneya, Pachycladon, Pachymitus, Pachyphragma, Pachypterygium, Parlatoria, Parodiodoxa, Parolinia, Parrya, Parryodes, Pegaeophyton, Peltaria, Peltariopsis, Pennellia, Petiniotia, Petrocallis, Phaeonychium, Phlebolobium, Phlegmatospermum, Phoenicaulis, Physaria, Physocardamum, Physoptychis, Physorrhynchus, Platycraspedum, Polyctenium, Polypsecadium, Pringlea, Prionotrichon, Pritzelago, Pseuderucaria, Pseudoarabidopsis, Pseudocamelina, Pseudoclausia, Pseudofortuynia, Pseudovesicaria, Psychine, Pterygiosperma, Pterygostemon, Pugionium, Pycnoplinthopsis, Pycnoplinthus, Pyramidium, Quezeliantha, Quidproquo, Raffenaldia, Raphanorhyncha, Raphanus, Rapistrum, Reboudia, Redowskia, Rhizobotrya, Ricotia, Robeschia, Rollinsia, Romanschulzia, Roripella, Rorippa, Rytidocarpus, Sameraria, Sarcodraba, Savignya, Scambopus, Schimpera, Schivereckia, Schizopetalon, Schlechteria, Schoenocrambe, Schouwia, Scoliaxon, Selenia, Sibara, Sibaropsis, Silicularia, Sinapidendron, Sinapis, Sisymbrella, Sisymbriopsis, Sisymbrium, Smelowskia, Sobolewslia, Sohms-Laubachia, Sophiopsis, Sphaerocardamum, Spirorhynchus, Spryginia, Staintoniella, Stanfordia, Stanleya (plant), Stenopetalum, Sterigmostemum, Stevenia, Straussiella, Streptanthella, Streptanthus, Streptoloma, Stroganowia, Stubebdorffia, Subularia, Succowia, Synstemon, Synthlipsis, Taphrospermum, Tauscheria, Teesdalia, Teesdaliopsis, Tetracme, Thelypodiopsis, Thelypodium, Thlaspeocarpa, Thlaspi, Thysanocarpus, Trachystoma, Trichotolinum, Trochiscus, Tropidocarpum, Turritis, Vella (plant), Warea, Wasabia, Weberbauera, Werdermannia, Winklera, Xerodraba, Yinshania, Zerdana, Zilla.
  • Capparaceae:
    • Apophyllum, Atamisquea, Bachmannia, Belencita, Boscia, Buchholzia, Cadaba, Capparis, Cladostemon, Crateva, Cristatella, Dhofaria, Dipterygium, Euadenia, Isomeris, Maerua, Morisonia, Puccionia, Ritchiea, Steriphoma, Thilachium.
  • Caricaceae:
    • Carica, Cylicomorpha, Jacartia, Jarilla, Vasconcellea
  • Cleomaceae:
    • Cleome, Cleomella, Dactylaena, Haptocarpum, Oxystylis, Podandrogyne, Polanisia, Wislizenia
  • Emblingiaceae:
    • Emblingia
  • Gyrostemonaceae:
    • Codonocarpus, Cypselocarpus, Gyrostemon, Tersonia, Walteranthus
  • Koerberliniaceae:
    • Koeberlinia
  • Limnanthaceae:
    • Floerkea, Limnanthes
  • Moringaceae:
    • Moringa
  • Pentadiplandraceae:
    • Pentadiplandra
  • Resedaceae:
    • Caylusea, Ochradenus, Oligomeris, Randonia, Reseda, Sesamoides
  • Salvadoraceae:
    • Azima, Dobera, Salvadora
  • Setchellanthaceae:
    • Setchellanthus
  • Tovariaceae:
    • Tovaria
  • Tropaeolaceae:
    • Tropaeolum

• ORDER MALVALES
  • Synapomorphies for this order include stratified phloem (layers of fibrous and soft phloem),, wedge-shaped rays, mucilage canals, stellate hairs, connate sepals, and malvoid leaf teeth. About 9 families and 3,560 species.
  • Bixaceae (including Cochlospermaceae and Diegodendraceae):
    • Amoreuxia, Bixa, Cochlospermum
  • Cistaceae (Rockrose family):
    • Cistus, Fumana, Alimium, Helianthemum, Hudsonia, Lechea, Tuberaria.
  • Cytinaceae:
    • Cytinus, Bdallophytum
  • Dipterocarpaceae:
    • Anisoptera, Cotylelobium, Dipterocarpus, Stemonoporus, Upuna, Vateria, Vateriopsis, Vatica
    • Dryobalanops, Hopea, Neobalanocarpus, Parashorea, Shorea
    • Marquesia, Monotes, Pseudomonotes
    • Pakaraimaea
  • MALVACEAE (Mallow family): Trees, herbs or shrubs. Vessels with simple perforations. Leaves usually alternate and palmately veined; stipules present. Flowers hypogynous and perfect. Often stamen filaments fused into a tube. Gynoecium usually of 5 fused pistils. Fruit usually capsular. Endosperm variable (none to much).
    • Bombacoideae:
      • Adansonia, Aguiaria, Bernoullia, Bombax, Camptostemon, Catostemna, Cavanillesia, Ceiba, Chiranthodendron, Eriotheca, Fremontodendron, Gyranthera, Huberodendron, Matisia, Neobuchia, Ochroma, Pachira, Patinoa, Pentaplaris, Phragmotheca, Pseudobombax, Quararibea, Scleronema, Septotheca, Spirotheca
    • Brownlowoideae:
      • Berrya, Brownlowia, Carpodiptera, Christiana, Diplodiscus, Hainania, Indagator, Jarandersonia, Pentace, Pityranthe
    • Byttnerioideae:
      • Abroma, Ayenia, Byttneria, Commersonia, Dicarpidium, Gilesia, Glossostemon, Guazuma, Guichenotia, Hannafordia, Hermannia, Herrania, Keraudrenia, Kleinhovia, Lasiopetalum, Leptonychia, Lysiosepalum, Maxwellia, Megatritheca, Melochia, Rayleya, Rulingia, Scaphopetalum, Seringia, Theobroma, Thomasia, Waltheria,
    • Dombeyoideae:
      • Astiria, Burretiodendron, Cheirolaena, Dombeya, Eriolaena, Harmsia, Helmiopsiella, Helmiopsis, Melhania, Nesogordonia, Paradombeya, Paramelhania, Pentapetes, Pterospermum, Ruizia, Schoutenia, Sicrea, Trochetia, Trochetiopsis
    • Grewioideae:
      • Ancistrocarpus, Apeiba, Clappertonia, Colona, Corchorus, Desplatsia, Duboscia, Eleutherostylis, Entelea, Erinocarpus, Glyphaea, Goethalsia, Grewia, Heliocarpus, Hydrogaster, Luehea, Lueheopsis, Microcos, Mollia, Pseudocorchorus, Sparrmannia, Tetralix, Trichospermum, Triumfetta, Vasivaea, Vinticena
    • Hellicteroideae:
      • Boschia, Coelostegia, Cullenia, Durio, Helicteres, Kostermansia, Mansonia, Neesia, Neoregnellia, Reevesia, Triplochiton, Ungeria
    • Malvoideae:
      • Abelmoschus, Abutilon, Acaulimalva, Akrosida, Alcea, Allosidastrum, Althaea, Anisodontea, Anoda, Anotea, Asterotrichion, Bakeridesia, Bastardia, Bastardiastrum, Bastardiopsis, Batesimalva, Billieturnera, Briquetia, Callirhoe, Calyculogygas, Calyptraemalva, Cenocentrum, Cephalohibiscus, Cienfuegosia, Corynabutilon, Cristaria, Decaschistia, Dendrosida, Dicellostyles, Dirhamphis, Eremalche, Fioria, Fryxellia, Fuertesimalva, Gaya, Gossypioides, Gossypium, Gynatrix, Hampea, Helicteropsis, Herissantia, Hibiscadelphus, Hibiscus, Hochreutinera, Hoheria, Horsfordia, Humbertianthus, Humbertiella, Iliamna, Julostylis, Kearnemalvastrum, Kitaibela, Kokia, Kosteletzkya, Krapovickasia, Kydia, Lagunaria, Lavatera, Lawrencia, Lebronnecia, Lecanophora, Macrostelia, Malachra, Malacothamnus, Malope, Malva, Malvastrum, Malvaviscus, Malvella, Megistostegium, Meximalva, Modiola, Modiolastrum, Monteiroa, Napaea, Neobaclea, Neobrittonia, Nototriche, Palaua, Papuodendron, Pavonia, Peltaea, Periptera, Perrierophytum, Phragmocarpidium, Phymosia, Plagianthus, Pseudabutilon, Radyera, Rhynchosida, Robinsonella, Rojasimalva, Senra, Sida, Sidalcea, Sidasodes, Sidastrum, Sphaeralcea, Symphyochlamys, Talipariti, Tarasa, Tetrasida, Thepparatia, Thespesia, Urena, Wercklea, Wissadula
    • Sterculioideae (some of these genera have been separated into the Byttnerioideae):
      • Abroma, Acropogon, Aethiocarpa, Astiria, Ayenia, Brachychiton, Byttneria, Cheirolaena, Chiranthodendron, Cola, Commersonia, Cotylonychia, Dicarpidium, Dombeya, Eriolaena, Firmiana, Franciscodendron, Fremontodendron, Gilesia, Glossostemon, Guazuma, Guichenotia, Hannafordia, Harmsia, Helicteres, Helmiopsiella, Helmiopsis, Heritiera, Hermannia, Herrania, Hildegardia, Keraudrenia, Kleinhovia, Lasiopetalum, Leptonychia, Leptonychiopsis, Lysiosepalum, Mansonia, Maxwellia, Megatritheca, Melhania, Melochia, Neoregnellia, Nesogordonia, Octolobus, Paradombeya, Paramelhania, Pentapetes, Pimia, Pterocymbium, Pterospermum, Pterygota, Rayleya, Reevesia, Ruizia, Rulingia, Scaphium, Scaphopetalum, Seringia, Sterculia, Theobroma, Thomasia, Triplochiton, Trochetia, Trochetiopsis, Ungeria, Waltheria
    • Tilloideae:
      • Craigia, Mortoniodendron, Tilia
  • Muntingiaceae:
    • Dicraspidia, Muntingia, Neotessmannia
  • Neuradaceae:
    • Grielum, Neurada, Neuradopsis
  • Sarcolaenaceae:
    • Eremolaena, Leptolaena, Mediusella, Pentachlaena, Perrierodendron, Rhodolaena, Sarcolaena, Schizolaena, Xerochlamys, Xyloolaena
  • Sphaerosepalaceae:
    • Dialyceras, Rhopalocarpus
  • Thymelaeaceae:
    • Octolepis, Aquilaria, Gyrinops, Solmsia, Deltaria, Peddiea, Synandrodaphne, Oreodendron, Phaleria, Cryptadenia, Lachnaea, Lagetta, Goodallia, Funifera, Lophostoma, Gnidia, Englerodaphne, Enkleia, Linostoma, Stephanodaphne, Dicranolepis, Synaptolepis, Struthiola, Drapetes, Schoenobiblus, Pimelea, Daphne, Eriosolena, Ovidia, Dirca, Thymelaea, Passerina, Diathron, Dais, Craterosiphon, Lasiadenia, Edgeworthia, Wikstroemia, Daphnopsis, Rhamnoneuron, Dendrostellera, Stellera, Stelleropsis.

• ORDER SAPINDALES
  • Synapomorphies for this order include pinnately compound leaves, flowers with a distinctive nectar disk. They are woody with alternate, spiral leaves. Flowers small and 4-5 merous with imbricate perianth segments. The order has 9 families and 5,800 species.
  • Anacardiaceae (includes Julianaceae; Sumac or Poison Ivy family):
    • Actinocheita, Anacardium (Cashew), Androtium, Antrocaryon, Apterokarpos, Astronium (=Myracrodruon), Baronia, Bonetiella, Bouea, Buchanania, Campnosperma, Cardenasiodendron, Choerospondias, Comocladia, Cotinus (Smoke tree), Cyrtocarpa, Dracontomelon, Drimycarpus, Ebandoua, Euleria, Euroschinus, Faguetia, Fegimanra, Gluta, Haematostaphis, Haplorhus, Harpephyllum, Heeria, Holigarna, Koordersiodendron, Lannea, Laurophyllus, Lithraea, Loxopterigium, Loxostylis, Malosma, Mangifera (Mango), Mauria, Melanochyla, Metopium, Micronychia, Montagueia, Mosquitoxylum, Nothopegia, Ochoterenaea, Operculicarya, Ozoroa, Pachycormus, Parishia, Pegia, Pentaspadon, Pistacia (Pistachio), Pleiogynium, Poupartia, Protorhus, Pseudoprotorhus, Pseudosmodingium, Pseudospondias, Rhodosphaera, Rhus (Sumac), Schinopsis, Schinus (Peppertree), Sclerocarya (Marula), Semecarpus, Smodingium, Solenocarpus, Sorindeia, Spondias, Swintonia, Tapirira, Thyrsodium, Toxicodendron (Poison Ivy, Poison Oak, Poison Sumac), Trichoscypha.
  • Biebersteiniaceae:
    • Biebersteinia
  • Burseraceae (Frankincense family):
    • Aucoumea, Beiselia, Boswellia (frankincense), Bursera, Canarieae, Canarium, Commiphora (myrrh), Crepidospermum, Dacryodes, Garuga, Haplolobus, Protieae, Protium, Pseudodacryodes, Rosselia, Santiria, Scutinanthe, Tetragastris, Trattinnickia, Triomma.
  • Kirkiaceae:
    • Kirkia, Pleiokirkia
  • Meliaceae (Mahogany family):
    • Aglaia, Anthocarapa, Aphanamixis, Astrotrichilia, Azadirachta, Cabralea, Calodecarya, Capuronianthus, Carapa, Cedrela, Cedrelopsis, Chisocheton, Chukrasia, Cipadessa, Dysoxylum, Ekebergia, Entandrophragma, Guarea, Heckeldora, Humbertioturraea, Khaya, Lansium, Lepidotrichilia, Lovoa, Malleastrum, Melia, Munronia, Naregamia, Neobeguea, Owenia, Pseudobersama, Pseudocarapa, Pseudocedrela, Pterorhachis, Reinwardtiodendron, Ruagea, Sandoricum, Schmardaea, Soymida, Sphaerosacme, Swietenia, Synoum, Toona, Trichilia, Turraea, Turraeanthus, Vavaea, Walsura, Xylocarpus.
  • Nitrariaceae (including Peganaceae and Tetradiclidaceae):
    • Nitraria, Peganum, Tetradiclis.
  • RUTACEAE (Citrus or Rue family): Shrubs and trees with aromatic oil glands; leaves often with winged petiole; alternate or opposite, simple or compound, no stipules. Flowers perfect, actinomorphic usually in cymes. Calyx 4-5, segments free or united; corolla 0, 4-5, mostly free; 8-10 stamens; gynoecium a compound pistil. Fruit a capsule, hesperidium (text with tooltip) A berry in which the fleshy part is divided into segments and the skin is a tough leathery rind. , drupe, or samara.
    • Rutoideae:
      • Agathosma, Asterolasia, Boenninghausenia, Boronia, Bosistoa, Choisya, Cneoridium, Correa, Dictamnus, Diosma, Eriostemon, Erythrochiton, Esenbeckia, Euxylophora, Evodiella, Fagara, Galipea, Melicope, Orixa, Phebalium, Pilocarpus, Platydesma, Psilopeganum, Ruta, Thamnosma, Zanthoxylum,
    • Spathelioideae:
      • Spathelia, Harrisonia
    • Dictyolomatoideae:
      • Dictyoloma
    • Toddalioideae:
      • Acronychia, Amyris, Oricia, Phellodendron, Ptelea, Skimmia, Teclea, Toddalia, Vepris
    • Flindersoiodeae:
      • Flindersia, Chloroxylon
    • Aurantioideae:
      • Aegle, Aeglopsis, Afraegle, Atalantia, Balsamocitrus, Bergera, Burkillanthus, Citropsis, Citrus, Clymenia, Clausena, Eremocitrus, Feroniella, Fortunella, Glycosmis, Limonia, Luvunga, Merope, Merrillia, Micromelum, Monanthocitrus, Murraya, Naringi, Oxanthera, Pamburus, Paramignya, Pleiospermium, Poncirus, Severinia, Swinglea, Triphasia, Wenzelia
  • SAPINDACEAE (The Soapberry and Maple family): Trees, shrubs or vines, leaves opposite or alternate and spiral, pinnately compound or simple with palmate venation. Flowers are perfect or imperfect, actinomorphic (sometimes zygomorphic); calyx of 4-5 sepals, corolla of 0 or 4-5 petals. Stamens variable 4-10, free; gynoecium of 2-3 united carpels, 2 styles; fruit a samara (a winged schizocarp).
    • (?) Lophostigma, Tristira
    • Dodonaeoideae:
      • Cossinia, Distichostemon, Diplopeltis, Dodonaea, Doratoxylon, Euphorianthus, Exothea, Ganophyllum, Hypelate, Llagunoa, Loxodiscus, Zanha.
    • Hippocastanoideae:
      • Acer, Aesculus, Billia, Dipteronia.
    • Sapindoideae:
      • Alectryon, Allophylus, Arytera, Atalaya, Blighia, Cardiospermum, Cupania, Cupaniopsis, Dimocarpus, Deinbollia, Delavaya, Elattostachys, Erythrophysa, Guioa, Handeliodendron, Haplocoelum, Hornea, Harpullia, Koelreuteria, Lepidopetalum, Lepisanthes, Litchi, Macphersonia, Matayba, Melicoccus, Mischocarpus, Molinaea, Nephelium, Pancovia, Pappea, Paranephelium, Paullinia, Placodiscus, Pometia, Radlkofera, Rhysotoechia, Sapindus, Schleichera, Serjania, Stocksia, Talisia, Thinouia, Thouinia, Thouinidium, Toulicia, Ungnadia, Urvillea, Xanthoceras, Xerospermum, Zollingeria.
    • Simaroubaceae (Tree of Heaven family):
      • Ailanthus, lvaradoa, Brucea, Castela, Eurycoma, Holacantha, Leitneria, Picramnia, Kirkia, Picrasma, Quassia, Simaba, Simarouba

ASTERID CLADE

BASAL ASTERIDS

• ORDER CORNALES
  • Cornaceae (includes Nyssaceae; Dogwood family):
    • Cornus, Alangium
    • Sometimes separated as Nyssacaea:
    • Afrocrania, Camptotheca, Cynoxylon, Davidia, Diplopanax, Mastixia, Nyssa, Swida
  • Curtisiaceae:
    • Curtisia
  • Grubbiaceae:
    • Grubbia, Strobilocarpus
  • Hydrangiaceae (Hydrangea family; includes Philadelphaceae):
    • Broussaisia, Cardiandra, Decumaria, Deinanthe, Dichroa, Hydrangea, Kirengeshoma, Pileostegia, Platycrater, Schizophragma
    • Carpenteria, Deutzia, Fendlera, Fendlerella, Jamesia, Philadelphus, Whipplea
  • Hydrostachyaceae:
    • Hydrostachys
  • Loasaceae:
    • Aosa, Blumenbachia, Caiophora, Cevallia, Chichicaste, Eucnide, Fuertesia, Gronovia, Huidobria, Kissenia, Klaprothia, Loasa, Mentzelia, Nasa, Petalonyx, Plakothira, Presliophytum, Schismocarpus, Scyphanthus, Xylopodia.

• ORDER ERICALES
  • Though molecular support for monophyly of this group is strong, there are no clear morphological synapomorphies with the exception of theoid leaf teeth (a vein enters the tooth and ends in a gland). As defined by Judd et al. (2002) this order has 24 families and 9,450 species.
  • Actinidiaceae:
    • Actinidia, Clematoclethra, Saurauria.
  • Balsaminaceae:
    • Imaptiens, Hydrocera, Semeiocardium, Impatientella.
  • Clethraceae:
    • Clethra, Purdiaea.
  • Cyrillaceae:
    • Cliftonia, Cyrilla.
  • Diapensiaceae:
    • Berneuxia, Diapensia, Galax, Pyxidanthera, Shortia.
  • Ebenaceae (Ebony family):
    • Diopyros, Euclea, [? Rhaphidanthe, Royena, Tetraclis]
  • ERICACEAE (Heath family): Shrubs or small trees. Vessels with sclariform (text with tooltip) Ladder-like or having ladder-like markings. perforations. Leaves usually alternate, small, firm and perennial; no stipules. Flowers perfect and usually in racemes. Perianth segments usually in 5’s. Stamens 5-10. Fruit usually capsular, but can be a drupe or a berry. Includes Pyrolaceae, Monotropaceae, Empetraceae, Epacridaceae
    • Arbutoideae:
      • Arbutus, Arctostaphylos, Arctous, Comarostaphylis, Ornithostaphylos, Xylococcus.
    • Cassiopoideae:
      • Cassiope
    • Enkianthoideae:
      • Enkianthus.
    • Arbutoideae:
      • Bejaria, Bryanthus, Ledothamnus.
      • Ceratiola, Corema, Empetrum.
      • Acrostemon, Anomalanthus, Arachnocalyx, Bruckenthalia, Calluna, Coccosperma, Coilostigma, Daboecia, Eremia, Eremiella, Erica, Grisebachia, Nagelocarpus, Philippia, Platycalyx, Salaxis, Scyphogyne, Simocheilus, Stokoeanthus, Sympieza, Syndesmanthus, Thamnus, Thoracosperma.
      • Elliottia, Epigaea, Kalmia, Kalmiopsis, Leiophyllum, Loiseleuria, Rhodothamnus.
      • Diplarche, Ledum, Menziesia, Rhododendron, Rhodora, Therorhodion, Tsusiophyllum.
    • Harrimanelloideae:
      • Harrimanella.
    • Monotropoideae:
      • Allotropa, Cheilotheca, Hemitomes, Monotropa, Monotropastrum, Monotropsis, Pityopus, Pleuricospora.
      • Pterospora, Sarcodes.
      • Chimaphila, Moneses, Orthilia, Pyrola.
    • Styphelioideae:
      • Archeria.
      • Andersonia, Cosmelia, Sprengelia.
      • Budawangia, Epacris, Lysinema, Rupicola, Woollsia.
      • Needhamia, Needhamiella, Oligarrhena.
      • Lebetanthus, Prionotes.
      • Dracophyllum, Richea, Sphenotoma.
      • Acrotriche, Androstoma, Astroloma, Brachyloma, Coleanthera, Conostephium, Croninia, Cyathodes, Decatoca, Leptecophylla, Leucopogon, Lissanthe, Melichrus, Monotoca, Pentachondra, Planocarpa, Styphelia, Trochocarpa.
    • Vacinioideae:
      • Andromeda, Zenobia.
      • Chamaedaphne, Diplycosia, Eubotrys, Gaultheria, Leucothoe, Pernettya, Pernettyopsis, Tepuia.
      • Agarista, Craibiodendron, Lyonia, Pieris.
      • Oxydendrum.
      • Agapetes, Anthopteropsis, Anthopterus, Cavendishia, Ceratostema, Costera, Demosthenesia, Didonica, Dimorphanthera, Diogenesia, Findlaya, Gaylussacia, Gonocalyx, Killipiella, Lateropora, Macleania, Mycerinus, Notopora, Oreanthes, Orthaea, Pellegrinia, Plutarchia, Polyclita, Proclesia, Psammisia, Rusbya, Satyria, Semiramisia, Siphonandra, Socratesia, Sphyrospermum, Symphesia, Themistoclesia, Thibaudia, Utleya, Vaccinium.
  • Fouquieriaceae:
    • Fouquieria
  • Lecythidaceae (Brazil Nut family):
    • Abdulmajidia, Allantoma, Asteranthos, Barringtonia, Bertholletia, Careya, Cariniana, Chydenanthus, Corythophora, Couratari, Couroupita, Crateranthus, Eschweilera, Foetidia, Grias, Gustavia, Lecythis, Napoleonaea, Petersianthus, Planchonia.
  • Marcgraviaceae:
    • Caracasia, Marcgravia, Marcgraviastrum, Norantea, Rectiflora, Ruyschia, , Souroubea
  • Mitrastemonaceae:
    • Mitrastema
  • Pentaphylaceae (includes Ternstroemiaceae):
    • Pentaphylax
  • Polemoniaceae (Phlox family):
    • Acanthogilia, Aliciella, Allophyllum, Bonplandia, Cantua, Cobaea, Collomia, Dayia, Eriastrum, Gilia, Gymnosteris, Huthia, Ipomopsis, Langloisia, Lathrocasis, Leptodactylon, Leptosiphon, Linanthus, Loeselia, Loeseliastrum, Microsteris, Navarretia, Phlox, Polemonium, Saltugilia
  • Primulaceae (Primrose family; includes Myrsinaceae and Theophrastaceae):
    • Anagallis, Androsace, Ardisiandra, Asterolinon, Bryocarpum, Centrunculus, Coris, Cortusa, Cyclamen, Dionysia, Dodecatheon, Glaux, Hottonia, Kaufmannia, Lysimachia, Naumburgia, Omphalogramma, Pelletiera, Pomatosace, Primula, Samolus, Soldeanella, Srediskya, Stimpsonia, Trientalis, Vitaliana
    • Aegiceras, Ardisia, Cybianthus, Embelia, Geissanthus, Maesa, Oncostemum, Rapanea, Stylogyne, Tapeinosperma.
    • Clavija, Deherainia, Jacquinia, Neomezia, Theophrasta.
  • Roridulaceae:
    • Roridula
  • Sapotaceae (Sapodilla family):
    • Aubregrinia, Beccariella, Breviea, Chromolucuma, Chrysophyllum, Delpydora, Diploon, Ecclinusa, Elaeoluma, Englerophytum, Magodendron, Micropholis, Niemeyera, Omphalocarpum, Pichonia, Planchonella, Pouteria, Pradosia, Pycnandra, Sarcaulus, Sersalisia, Synsepalum, Tridesmostemon, Tsebona, Van-Royena, Xantolis.
    • Argania, Autranella, Faucherea, Labramia, Madhuca, Manilkara (=Sapota), Mimusops, Nesoluma, Northia, Palaquium, Payena, Sideroxylon, Tieghemella, Vitellariopsis.
    • Sarcosperma
  • Sarraceniaceae (Pitcher Plant family):
    • Darlingtonia, Heliamphora, Sarracenia.
  • Sladeniaceae:
    • Ficalhoa, Sladenia
  • Styracaceae:
    • Aniphyllum, Bruinsmia, Changiostyrax, Halesia, Huodendron, Melliodendron, Pamphilia, Parastyrax, Pterostyrax, Rehderodendron, Sinojackia, Styrax.
  • Symplocaceae:
    • Symplocos.
  • Tetrameristaceae (includes Pellicieraceae):
    • Pentamerista, Tetramerista.
  • Theaceae (Tea family):
    • Terstroemia, Anneslea, Adinandra, Archboldidendron, Balthasaria, Visnea, Eurya, Cleyera, Symplococarpon, Freziera, Sladenia, Stewartia, Gordonia, Laplacea, Schima, Franklina, Camellia, Thea, Tutcheria, Pyrenaria

EUASTERIDS I (THE LAMIIDS)

BASAL LAMIDS

• Boraginaceae (includes Hydrophyllaceae, Lennoaceae; Borage family):
  • Actinocarya, Adelocaryum, Afrotysonia, Alkanna, Amblynotus, Amphibologyne, Amsinckia, Anchusa, Ancistrocarya, Anoplocaryum, Antiotrema, Antiphytum, Arnebia, Asperugo, Auxemma, Borago, Bothriospermum, Brachybotrys, Brunnera, Caccinia, Carmona, Cerinthe, Chionocharis, Choriantha, Craniospermum, Cryptantha, Cynoglossopsis, Cynoglossum, Cynoglottis, Cystostemon, Dasynotus, Decalepidanthus, Echiochilon, Echiostachys, Echium, Elizaldia Embadium, Eritrichium, Gastrocotyle, Gyrocaryum, Halacsya, Heliocarya, Heterocaryum, Huynhia, Ivanjohnstonia, Lacaitaea, Lappula, Lasiarrhenum, Lasiocaryum, Lepechiniella, Lindelofia, Lithodora, Lithospermum, Lobostemon, Macromeria, Maharanga, Mairetis, Mattiastrum, Mertensia, Metaeritrichium, Microcaryum, Microula, Mimophytum, Moltkia, Moltkiopsis, Moritzia, Myosotidium, Myosotis, Neatostema, Nesocaryum, Nogalia, Nomosa, Nonea, Ogastemma, Omphalodes, Omphalolappula, Omphalotrigonotis, Onosma, Onosmodium, Oxyosmyles, Paracaryum, Pardoglossum, Pectocarya, Pentaglotta, Perittostema, Plagiobothrys, Pseudomertensia, Psilolaemus, Pulmonaria, Rindera, Rochelia, Scapicephalus, Selkirkia, Sericostoma, Sinojohnstonia, Solenanthus, Stenosolenium, Stephanocaryum, Suchtelenia, Symphytum, Thaumatocaryon, Thyrocarpus, Tianschaniella, Trachelanthus, Trachystemon, Traxara, Trichodesma, Trigonocaryum, Trigonotis, Ulugbekia, Valentiniella, Wellstedia.
  • Coldenia, Cordia, Saccellium
  • Bourreria, Cortesia, Ehretia, Halgania, Ixorhea, Lepidocordia, Menais, Patagonula, Rochefortia, Rotula, Tiquilia
  • Heliotropium, Tournefortia
  • Codon, Draperia, Ellisia, Emmenanthe, Eriodictyon, Eucrypta, Hesperochiron, Hydrolea, Hydrophyllum, Lemmonia, Miltitzia, Nama, Nemophila, Nemophilla, Phacelia, Pholistoma, Romanzoffia, Tricardia, Turricula, Wigandia
  • Ammobroma, Lennoa, Pholisma
• Icacinaceae:
  • Alsodeiopsis, Casimirella, Chlamydocarya, Desmostachys, Hosiea, Icacina, Iodes, Lavigeria, Leretia, Mappia, Mappianthus, Merrilliodendron, Miquelia, Natsiatum, Nothapodytes, Phytocrene, Pittosporopsis, Pleurisanthes, Polycephalium, Polyporandra, Pyrenacantha, Rhyticaryum, Sarcostigma, Sleumeria
• Metteniusaceae:
  • Metteniusa
• Oncothecaceae:
  • Oncotheca
• Vahliaceae:
  • Vahlia

• ORDER GARRYALES
  • Eucommiaceae:
    • Eucommia
  • Garryaceae:
    • Garrya, Aucuba

• ORDER GENTIALES
  • This is a monophyletic order with the synapomorphies of stipules (sometimes very reduced), glandular hairs (colleters) on the undersides of leaves. The order has 5 families and 14,200 species.
  • Apocynaceae (includes Asclepiadaceae; Milkweed family):
    • Dipladenia, Echitea, Lochnera, Parameria, Rhynchodia
    • Acokanthera, Allamanda, Alstonia, Alyxia, Ambelania, Amsonia, Ancylobotrys, Aspidosperma, Cameraria, Catharanthus, Carissa, Cerbera, Chilocarpus, Dyera, Hancornea, Hunteria, Kopsia, Landolphia, Leuconotis, Melodinus, Molongum, Mucoa, Ochrosia, Petchia, Picralima, Plectaneia, Pleiocarpa, Plumeria, Rauvolfia, Rhazya, Saba, Skytanthus, Stemmadenia, Tabernaemontana, Thevetia, Vinca, Voacanga, Willughbeia
    • Adenium, Aganosma, Apocynum, Baissea, Beaumontia, Condylocarpon, Epigynum, Forsteronia, Funtumia, Holarrhena, Ichnocarpus, Kibatalia, Mandevilla, Mascarenhasia, Nerium, Odontadenia, Oncinotis, Pachypodium, Parsonsia, Prestonia, Strophanthus, Trachelospermum, Urceola, Wrightia
    • Cryptolepis, Cryptostegia, Gymnanthera, Myriopteron, Periploca, Raphionacme, Stelmacrypton, Streptocaulon
    • Secamone
    • Adelostemma, Asclepias, Astephanus, Biondia, Brachystelma, Calotropis, Caralluma, Ceropegia, Cynanchum, Dischidia, Ditassa, Fockea, Funastrum, Gomphocarpus, Gonolobus, Graphistemma, Holostemma, Hoodia, Hoya, Huernia, Leptadenia, Marsdenia, Matelea, Merrillanthus, Metaplexis, Orbea, Oxypetalum, Oxystelma, Pachycarpus, Pentastelma, Raphistemma, Stapelia, Telosma, Tylophora, Vincetoxicum.
  • Gelsemiaceae:
    • Gelsemium, Mostuea.
  • Gentianaceae (Gentian family):
    • Adenolisianthus, Anthocleista, Aripuana, Bartonia, Belmontia, Bisgoeppertia, Blackstonia, Calolisianthus, Canscora, Celiantha, Centaurium, Chelonanthus, Chironia, Chlora, Chorisepalum, Cicendia, Comastoma, Congolanthus, Cotylanthera, Coutoubea, Cracosna, Crawfurdia, Curtia, Deianira, Djaloniella, Enicostema, Eustoma, Exaculum, Exacum, Fagraea, Faroa, Frasera, Geniostemon, Gentiana, Gentianella, Gentianopsis, Gentianothamnus, Halenia, Helia, Hockinia, Hoppea, Irlbachia, Ixanthus, Jaeschkea, Karina, Klackenbergia, Lagenanthus, Lapithea, Latouchea, Lehmanniella, Lisianthius, Lomatogoniopsis, Lomatogonium, Macrocarpaea, Megacodon, Microrphium, Monodiella, Neblinantha, Neurotheca, Obolaria, Oreonesion, Ornichia, Orphium, Parajaeschkea, Phyllocyclus, Potalia, Prepusa, Pterygocalyx, Pycnosphaera, Rogersonanthus, Sabatia, Saccifolium, Schinziella, Schultesia, Sebaea, Senaea, Sipapoantha, Swertia, Symbolanthus, Symphyllophyton, Tachia, Tachiadenus, Tapeinostemon, Tetrapollinia, Tripterospermum, Urogentias, Veratrilla, Voyria, Voyriella, Wurdackanthus, Xestaea, Zonanthus, Zygostigma.
  • Loganiaceae:
    • Antonia, Bonyunia, Gardneria, Geniostoma, Logania, Mitrasacme, Mitreola, Neuburgia, Norrisia, Spigelia, Strychnos, Usteria.
  • RUBIACEAE (Madder or Coffee family): Trees, shrubs, vines, or herbs with alkaloids and raphide crystals. Leaves mostly opposite (sometimes whorled), entire, pinnately veined, and stipulate. Flowers perfect and actinomorphic. Sepals 4-5, petals 4-5 and pubescent making a bell-shaped corolla. Petals often fused at the base. Stamens 4-5 with filaments fused to the petals. The gynoecium is formed by 2 fused pistils (sometimes 5), epigynous. The fruit is variable: capsule, berry, drupe, schizocarp, or indehiscent pod. 550 genera and 13,183 species.
    • Unassigned:
      • Augusta, Borreria, Bouvardia, Casasia, Catesbaea, Cephaëlis, Corynanthe, Erithalis, Ernodia, Exostema, Geophila, Houstonia, Hydrophylax, Kelloggia, Lindenia, Mazaea, Mitchella, Pavetta, Pentodon, Phyllis, Pickneya, Polyura, Psychotria, Richardia
    • Cinchonoideae:
      • Adina, Antirhea, Arachnothryx, Bobea, Chiococca, Cinchona, Exostema, Guettarda, Hamelia, Hillia, Hoffmannia, Hymenodictyon, Isertia, Kerianthera, Ladenbergia, Mitragyna, Nauclea, Neolamarckia, Neonauclea, Rondeletia, Simira, Timonius, Uncaria, Wendlandia.
    • Ixoroideae:
      • Aidia, Alibertia, Aulacocalyx, Bikkia, Coffea, Condaminea, Dialypetalanthus, Diplospora, Duroia, Gardenia, Gleasonia, Heinsenia, Henriquezia, Hypobathrum, Ixora, Molopanthera, Mussaenda, Pavetta, Platycarpum, Portlandia, Posoqueria, Pseudosabicea, Psilanthus, Randia, Retiniphyllum, Rothmannia, Sabicea, Sipanea, Tarenna, Tricalysia, Xanthophytum,
    • Rubioideae:
      • Acranthera, Amaracarpus, Anthospermum, Argostemma, Asperula, Callipeltis, Carapichea, Cephalanthus, Chassalia, Coccocypselum, Coprosma, Coussarea, Craterispermum, Crucianella, Cruciata, Diodia, Faramea, Gaertnera Galium, Hedyotis, Hydnophytum, Knoxia, Kohautia, Lasianthus, Lathraeocarpa, Lerchea, Morinda, Myrmecodia, Oldenlandia, Opercularia, Ophiorrhiza, Paederia, Pagamea, Palicourea, Pauridiantha, Pentas, Phuopsis, Plocama, Praravinia, Psychotria, Relbunium, Rubia, Rudgea, Schradera, Sherardia, Spermacoce, Theligonum, Triainolepis, Urophyllum, Valantia.

• ORDER LAMIALES
  • The mophological synapomorphies for this order include: gland-headed hairs, oligosaccharides (no starch); parenchyma extending from anther connective into the locule of the anther; embryos of the onograd type; endosperm with large micropylar haustorium; and protein inclusions into the nuclei of mesophyll cells. The order has 24 families and 17,800 species.
  • Acanthaceae (includes Mendonciaceae and Avicenniaceae):
    • Acanthopale, Acanthopsis, Acanthostelma, Acanthura, Acanthus, Achyrocalyx, Aechmanthera, Adhatoda, Afrofittonia, Ambongia, Ancistranthus (Desert Honeysuckle), Ancistrostylis, Andrographis (False Waterwillow), Angkalanthus, Anisacanthus, Anisosepalum, Anisostachya, Anisotes, Anomacanthus, Apassalus, Aphanosperma, Aphelandra, Aphelandrella, Ascotheca, Asystasia, Asystasiella, Avicennia, Ballochia, Barleria (Bush violets), Barleriola, Benoicanthus, Blechum, Blepharis, Borneacanthus, Boutonia, Brachystephanus, Bravaisia, Brillantaisia, Calacanthus, Calophanoide (sometimes included in Justicia), Calycacanthus, Camarotea, Carlowrightia, Celerina, Cephalacanthus, Chaetacanthus, Chalarothyrsus, Chamaeranthemum, Championella, Chileranthemum, Chlamydacanthus (sometimes included in Theileamea), Chlamydocardia, Chlamydostachya, Chroesthes, Clinacanthus, Clistax, Codonacanthus, Conocalyx, Corymbostachys, Cosmianthemum, Crabbea, Crossandra, Crossandrella, Cyclacanthus, Cylindrosolenium, Cyphacanthus, Dactylostegium (sometimes included in Dicliptera), Danguya, Dasytropis, Dichazothece, Dicladanthera, Dicliptera, Didyplosandra, Dipteracanthus (sometimes included in Ruellia), Dischistocalyx, Dolichostachys, Drejera, Drejerella (sometimes included in Justicia), Duosperma, Dyschoriste, Ecbolium, Echinacanthus, Elytraria, Encephalosphaera, Epiclastopelma, Eranthemum, Eremomastax, Eusiphon, (often included in Ruellia), Filetia, Fittonia, Forcipella, Forsythiopsis (sometimes included in Oplonia), Geissomeria, Glossochilus, Golaea, Graphandra, Graptophyllum, Gymnophragma, Gymnostachyum, Gynocraterium, Gypsacanthus, Haplanthodes, Harpochilus, Hemiadelphis, Hemigraphis (sometimes included in Strobilanthes), Henrya, Herpetacanthus, Heteradelphia, Holographis, Hoverdenia, Hulemacanthus, Hygrophila (Swampweed), Hypoestes (including Periestes), Ionacanthus, Isoglossa, Isotheca, Jadunia, Juruasia, Justicia (Justica, Water-willow, Shrimp plant), Kalbreyeriella, Kosmosiphon, Kudoacanthus, Lankesteria, Lasiocladus, Leandriella, Lepidagathis, Leptostachya, Liberatia (sometimes included in Lophostachys), Linariantha, Lophostachys, Louteridium, Lychniothyrsus, Marcania, Megalochlamys, Megalostoma, Megaskepasma, Melittacanthus, Mellera, Mendoncia, Metarungium, Mexacanthus, Meyenia, Mimulopsis, Mirandea, Monechma (sometimes included in Justicia), Monothecium, Morsacanthus, Nelsonia, Neohallia, Neriacanthus, Neuracanthus, Odontonema (Toothedthread), Ophiorrhiziphyllon, Oplonia, Oreacanthus, Orophochilus, Pachystachys, Pelecostemon, Pentstemonacanthus, Perenideboles, Pericalypta, Peristrophe, Petalidium, Phaulopsis, Phialacanthus, Phidiasia, Phlogacanthus, Physacanthus, Podorungia, Poikilacanthus, Polylychnis (often included in Ruellia), Populina, Pranceacanthus, Pseuderanthemum, Pseudocalyx, Pseudodicliptera, Pseudoruellia, Psilanthele, Ptyssiglottis, Pulchranthus, Pupilla (sometimes included in Justicia), Razisea, Rhinacanthus, Rhombochlamys, Ritonia, Rostellularia (sometimes included in Justicia), Ruellia (Wild Petunia), Ruelliopsis, Rungia, Ruspolia, Ruttya, Saintpauliopsis, (sometimes included in Staurogyne), Salpinctium, Salpixantha, Samuelssonia, Sanchezia, Santapaua, (sometimes included in Hygrophila), Sapphoa, Satanocrater, Sautiera, Schaueria, Schwabea, Sclerochiton, Sebastiano-schaueria, Sericospora, Siphonoglossa (Tubetongue), Spathacanthus, Sphacanthus, Sphinctacanthus, Spirostigma, Standleyacanthus, Staurogyne, Steirosanchezia, Stenandriopsis, Stenandrium, (Shaggytuft), Stenostephanus, Streblacanthus, Streptosiphon, Strobilanthes, Strobilanthopsis, Styasasia, Suessenguthia, Synchoriste, Taeniandra, Tarphochlamys, Teliostachya, Tessmanniacanthus, Tetramerium, Theileamea, Thomandersia (also placed within its own family Thomandersiaceae by Wortley et al. 2007), Thunbergia, Thysanostigma, Tremacanthus, Triaenanthus, Trichanthera, Trichaulax, Trichocalyx, Trichosanchezia, Ulleria (often included in Ruellia), Vavara, Vindasia, Warpuria, Whitfieldia, Xantheranthemum, Xerothamnella, Yeatesia (Bractspike), Zy.
  • Bignoniaceae (Trumpet Creeper family):
    • Adenocalymna, Amphilophium, Anemopaegma, Arrabidaea, Bignonia, Callichlamys, Ceratophytum, Clytostoma, Cuspidaria, Cydista, Distictella, Distictis, Dolichandra, Fridericia, Gardnerodoxa, Glaziova, Haplolophium, Leucocalantha, Lundia, Macfadyena, Macranthisiphon, Manaosella, Mansoa, Martinella, Melloa, Memora, Mussatia, Neojobertia, Parabignonia, Paragonia, Periarrabidaea, Phryganocydia, Piriadacus, Pithecoctenium, Pleonotoma, Potamoganos, Pseudocatalpa, Pyrostegia, Roentgenia, Saritaea, Spathicalyx, Sphingiphila, Stizophyllum, Tanaecium, Tynanthus, Xylophragma.
    • Colea, Kigelia, Ophiocolea, Phyllarthron, Phylloctenium, Rhodocolea
    • Amphitecna, Crescentia, Parmentiera
    • Eccremocarpus
    • Hieris, Meliosma, Nyctcalos, Oroxylum
    • Argylia, Astianthus, Campsidium, Campsis, Catalpa, Catophractes, Chilopsis, Cybistax, Delostoma, Deplanchea, Digomphia, Dinklageodoxa, Dolichandrone, Ekmanianthe, Fernandoa, Godmania, Haplophragma, Heterophragma, Incarvillea, Jacaranda, Lamiodendron, Markhamia, Neosepicaea, Newbouldia, Pajanelia, Pandorea, Paratecoma, Pauldopia, Perianthomega, Perichlaena, Podranea, Radermachera, Rhigozum, Romeroa, Santisukia, Sparattosperma, Spathodea, Spirotecoma, Stereospermum, Tabebuia, Tecoma, Tecomanthe, Tecomella, Zeyheria
    • Tourrettia
  • Byblidaceae:
    • Byblis
  • Calceolariaceae:
    • Calceolaria, Jovellana, Poroditta
  • Carlemanniaceae:
    • Carlemannia, Silvianthus
  • Gesneriaceae:
    • Achimenes, Aeschynanthus, Agalmyla, Alloplectus, Alsobia, Amalophyllon, Ancylostemon, Anodiscus, Asteranthera, Besleria, Boea, Briggsia, Bucinellina, Capanea, Chirita, Chiritopsis, Chrysothemis, Codonanthe, Columnea (Flying Goldfish Plant), Conandron, Corallodiscus, Crantzia (often included in Alloplectus), Cyrtandra, Diastema, Didissandra, Didymocarpus, Drymonia, Episcia (Flame Violet), Eucodonia, Gasteranthus, Gesneria, Glossoloma (often included in Alloplectus), Gloxinella, Gloxinia, Gloxiniopsis, Haberlea, Hemiboea, Henckelia, Isometrum, Jancaea, Koellikeria, Kohleria, Loxostigma, Lysionotus, Mandirola, Mitraria, Monopyle, Nautilocalyx, Nematanthus (Goldfish Plant), Neomortonia, Niphaea, Nomopyle, Opithandra, Oreocharis, Paliavana, Paraboea, Pearcea, Petrocosmea, Phinaea, Ramonda serbica, Raphiocarpus, Rhytidophyllum, Sarmienta, Saintpaulia (African Violet), Seemannia, Sinningia, Smithiantha (Temple Bells), Solenophora, Sphaerorrhiza, Stauranthera, Streptocarpus (Cape Primrose), Titanotrichum, Tremacron.
  • LAMIACEAE (Labiatae; Mint family): Herbs, shrubs or trees. Leaves variable but usually opposite and simple, no stipules. Flowers perfect with a 5-merous perianth, corolla fused and usually zygomorphic. Usually 5 stamens. Gynoecium usually of 2 carpels, each with 2 ovules. The fruit is formed by the carpels separating into 4 1-seeded nutlets. Endosperm usually lacking.
    • Viticoideae:
      • Cornutia, Gmelina, Paravitex, Petitia, Pseudocarpidium, Premna, Teijsmanniodendron, Tsoongia, Viticipremna, Vitex.
    • Ajugiodeae (includes Teucrioideae):
      • Acrymia, Aegiphila, Ajuga, Amasonia, Amethystea, Cardioteucris, Caryopteris, Clerodendrum, Cyclonema, Cymaria, Faradaya, Garrettia, Glossocarya, Holocheila, Hosea, +Kalaharia, Karomia, Monochilus, Oncinocalyx, Oxera, Peronema, Petraeovitex, Pseudocaryopteris, Rotheca, Rubiteucris, Schnabelia, Spartothamnella, +Tetraclea, Teucridium, Teucrium, Trichostema.
    • Prostantheroideae:
      • Brachysola, Chloanthes, Cyanostegia, Dicrastylis, Hemiphora, Lachnostachys, Mallophora, Newcastelia, Physopsis, Pityrodia.
      • Cryphia, Hemiandra, Hemigenia, Microcorys, Prostanthera, Westringia, Wrixonia.
    • Scutellaroideae:
      • Holmskioldia, Renschia, Scutellaria, Tinnea, Wenchengia.
    • Lamioideae:
      • Achyrospermum, Acrotome, Ajugoides, Alajja, Anisomeles, Ballota, Bostrychanthera, Brazoria, Chaiturus, Chamaesphacos, Chelonopsis, Colquhounia, Comanthosphace, Craniotome, Eremostachys, Eriophyton, Eurysolen, Galeopsis, Gomphostemma, Haplostachys, Hypogomphia, Isoleucas, Lagochilus, Lagopsis, Lamium, Leonotis, Leonurus, Leucas, Leucosceptrum, Loxocalyx, Macbridea, Marrubium, Melittis, Metastachydium, Microtoena, Moluccella, Notochaete, Otostegia, Panzerina, Paralamium, Paraphlomis, Phlomidoschema, Phlomis, Phyllostegia, Physostegia, Pogostemon, Prasium, Pseudoeremostachys, Pseudomarrubium, Rostrinucula, Roylea, Sideritis, Stachyopsis, Stachys, Stenogyne, Sulaimania, Suzukia, Synandra, Thuspeinanta, Warnockia.
    • Nepetoideae:
      • Collinsonia, Elsholtzia, Mosla, Perilla, Perillula
      • Acanthomintha, Acinos, Agastache, Blephilia, Bystropogon, Cedronella, Chaunostoma, Cleonia, Clinopodium, Conradina, Coridothymus, Cuminia, Cunila, Cyclotrichium, Dicerandra, Dorystoechas, Dracocephalum, Drepanocaryum, Eriothymus, Glechoma, Gontscharovia, Hedeoma, Hesperozygis, Heterolamium, Hoehnea, Horminum, Hymenocrater, Hyssopus, Killickia, Kurzamra, Lallemantia, Lepechinia, Lophanthus, Lycopus, Marmoritis, Meehania, Melissa, Mentha, Meriandra, Micromeria, Minthostachys, Monarda, Monardella, Neoeplingia, Nepeta, Obtegomeria, Origanum, Pentapleura, Perovskia, Piloblephis, Pogogyne, Poliomintha, Prunella, Pycnanthemum, Rhabdocaulon, Rhododon, Rosmarinus, Saccocalyx, Salvia, Satureja, Schizonepeta, Stachydeoma, Thymbra, Thymus, Xenopoma, Zataria, Zhumeria, Ziziphora.
      • Acrocephalus, Aeollanthus, Alvesia, Anisochilus, Asterohyptis, Basilicum, Benguellia, Bovonia, Capitanopsis, Capitanya, Catoferia, Ceratanthus, Coleus, Dauphinea, Endostemon, Englerastrum, Eriope, Eriopidion, Erythrochlamys, Fuerstia, Geniosporum, Hanceola, Haumaniastrum, Hemizygia, Holostylon, Hoslundia, Hypenia, Hyptidendron, Hyptis, Isodictyophorus, Isodon, Lavandula, Leocus, Limniboza, Marsypianthes, Mesona, Neohyptis, Nosema, Ocimum, Octomeron, Orthosiphon, Peltodon, Perrierastrum, Platostoma, Plectranthus, Pycnostachys, Rabdosiella, Rhaphiodon, Siphocranion, Solenostemon, Symphostemon, Syncolostemon, Tetradenia, Thorncroftia.
    • Symphorematoideae:
      • Congea, Sphenodesme, Symphorema.
  • Lentibulariaceae (Bladderwort family):
    • Genlisea, Pinguicula, Utricularia.
  • Martyniaceae:
    • Craniolaria, Holoregmia, Ibicella, Martynia, Proboscidea
  • Oleaceae (Olive family):
    • Abeliophyllum, Chionanthus (Fringetrees), Comoranthus, Dimetra, Fontansea, Forestiera, (Swampprivets), Forsythia, Fraxinus (Ash), Haenianthus, Hesperelaea, Jasminum, Ligustrum (Privets), Mendora, Myxopyrum, Nestegis, Noronhia, Notelaea, Nyctanthes, Olea (Olives), Osmanthus, Phillyrea, Picconia, Priogymnanthus, Schrebera, Syringa (Lilacs), Tessarandra
  • Orobanchaceae (includes parasitic Scrophulariaceae; Broomrape family):
    • Aeginetia, Agalinis (gerardia), Alectra, Ancistrostylis, Asepalum, Aureolaria, Bartsia, Bellardia, Boschniakia : (Groundcone), Brandisia, Buchnera, Bungea, Buttonia, Castilleja : (Indian Paintbrush), Cellulanus parvus : (Little Hermit of Mexico), Centranthera, Christisonia, Cistanche, Clevelandia, Conopholis : (Cancer-root), Cordylanthus : (Bird’s-beak), Cycnium, Cymbaria, Dasistoma, Epifagus : (Beechdrops), Escobedia, Esterhazya, Euphrasia, Gerardiina, Ghikaea, Gleadovia, Graderia, Harveya, Hedbergia, Hyobanche, Lamourouxia, Lathraea (Toothwort), Leptorhabdos, Leucosalpa, Lindenbergia (non-parasitic), Macranthera, Magdalenaea, Mannagettaea, Melampyrum, Melasma, Micrargeria, Micrargeriella, Monochasma, Nesogenes, Nothobartsia, Nothochilus, Odontites, Omphalotrix, Ophiocephalus, Orobanche : (Broomrape), Orthocarpus, Parastriga, Parentucellia, Pedicularis, Petitmenginia, Phacellanthus, Phelypaea, Phtheirospermum, Physocalyx, Platypholis, Pseudobartsia, Pseudomelasma, Pseudosopubia, Pseudostriga, Pterygiella, Radamaea, Rehmannia (non-parasitic), Rhamphicarpa, Rhaphispermum, Rhinanthus, Rhynchocorys, Schwalbea, Seymeria, Sieversandreas, Silviella, Siphonostegia, Sopubia, Spirostegia, Striga, Tetraspidium, Thunbergianthus, Tienmuia, Tozzia, Triaenophora (non-parasitic), Triphysaria, Vellosiella, Xizangia, Xylocalyx.
  • Paulowniaceae:
    • Paulownia
  • Pedaliaceae:
    • Ceratotheca, Dewinteria, Dicerocaryum, Harpagophytum, Holubia, Josephinia, Linariopsis, Pedaliodiscus, Pedalium, Pterodiscus, Rogeria, Sesamothamnus, Sesamum, Uncarina
  • Phrymaceae:
    • Lancea, Mazus
    • Berendtiella, Dodartia, Elacholoma, Glossostigma, Hemichaena, Leucocarpus, Mimulus, Peplidium, Phryma
  • Plantaginaceae (includes Callitrichaceae, Scrophulariaceae, in part; Snapdragon family):
    • Acanthorrhinum, Achetaria, Adenosma, Albraunia, Amphianthus, Anarrhinum, Angelonia, Antirrhinum (Snapdragon), Aragoa, Artanema (also placed in Linderniaceae), Asarina, Bacopa (Water Hyssop), Basistemon, Benjaminia, Besseya (now included in Veronica), Bougueria (sometimes included in Plantago), Brookea, Bryodes, Bythophyton, Callitriche (Water Starwort; formerly in Callitrichaceae), Campylanthus, Chaenorhinum, Chelone, Chionohebe (now included in Veronica), Chionophila, Cochlidiosperma (now included in Veronica), Collinsia, Conobea (now included in Picria; also placed in Linderniaceae), Cymbalaria, Detzneria (now included in Veronica), Digitalis (Foxglove), Dintera, Dizygostemon, Dopatrium, Ellisiophyllum, Encopella, Epixiphium, Erinus, Galvezia, Gambelia, Geochorda, Globularia (formerly belonging to Globulariaceae), Gratiola (Hedge Hyssop), Hebe (now included in Veronica), Hemiphragma, Herpestis, Hippuris (Mare’s-tale; formerly in Hippuridaceae), Holmgrenanthe, Holzneria, Howelliella, Hydrotriche, Isoplexis (now included in Digitalis), Kashmiria, Keckiella, Kickxia (Fluellen), Lafuentea, Lagotis, Limnophila, Limosella (Mudwort; Scrophulariaceae according Oxelman et al. 2005), Linaria (Toadflax), Littorella (often included in Plantago), Lophospermum, Mabrya, Maurandella, Maurandya, Mecardonia, Melosperma, Microcarpaea, Misopates, Mohavea, Monocardia, Monopera, Monttea, Neogaerrhinum, Nothochelone, Nuttallanthus, Otacanthus, Ourisia, Paederota, Parahebe (now included in Veronica), Penstemon (Beardtongue), Philcoxia, Picria (also placed in Linderniaceae), Picrorhiza (including Neopicrorhiza), Plantago, Poskea (formerly belonging to Globulariaceae), Psammetes, Pseudorontium, Rhodochiton, Russelia, Sairocarpus, Schistophragma, Schweinfurthia, Scoparia, Scrofella, Sibthorpia, Stemodia, Synthyris (Kittentails; now included in Veronica), Tetranema, Tetraulacium, Tonella, Uroskinnera, Veronica (Speedwell, Brooklime), Veronicastrum, Wulfenia, Wulfeniopsis.
  • Plocospermataceae:
    • Plocosperma
  • Schlegeliaceae:
    • Exarata, Gibsoniothamnus, Schlegelia, Synapsis, Thomandersia
  • Scrophulariaceae (Figwort family; includes Buddlejaceae):
    • Anticharis, Aptosimium, Peliostomum
    • Buddleja, Emorya, Gomphostigma
    • Alonsoa, Colpias, Diascia, Diclis, Hemimeris, Nemesia
    • Eremogeton, Leucophyllum
    • Barthlottia, Camptoloma, Chaenostoma, Chenopodiopsis, Cromidon, Dischisma, Gleckia, Globulariopsis, Glumicalyx, Goslea, Hebenstretia, Jamesbrittenia, Limosela, Lyperia, Manuleopsis, Melanospermum, Microdon, Phyllopodium, Polycarena, Reyemia, Selago, Strobilopsis, Sutera, Tetraselago, Trieenea, Zaluzianskya
    • Bontia, Calamphoreus, Diocirea, Eremophila, Glycocystis, Myoporum, Pentacoelium
    • Antherothamnus, Nathaliella, Oreosolen, Scrophularia, Verbascum
    • Dermatobotrys, Freylinia, Oftia, Ranopisoa, Teedia
    • Manuela.
    • Androya, Peltanthera, Polypremum, Sanango.
  • Stilbaceae:
    • Anastrabe, Bowkeria, Campylostachys, Charadrophila, Euthystachys, Halleria, Nuxia, Retzia, Stilbe, Thesmophora
  • Tetrachondraceae:
    • Tetrachondra
  • Thomandersiaceae:
    • Thomandersia
  • Verbenaceae (Verbena family):
    • Acantholippia, Aloysia, Baillonia, Bouchea, Burroughsia, Casselia, Chascanum, Citharexylum, Coelocarpum, Diostea, Dipyrena, Duranta, Glandularia, Hierobotana, Junellia, Lampayo, Lantana, Lippia, Nashia, Neosparton, Parodianthus, Petraea, Phyla, Pitraea, Priva, Recordia, Rehdera, Ramphithamus, Stachytarpheta, Stylodon, Tamonea, Ubochaea, Urbania, Verbena, Verbenoxylum, Xeroaloysia, Xolocotzia.

• ORDER SOLANALES
  • Morphological synapomorphies may include actinomorphic flowers with a plicate, sympetalous corolla. They tend to have alternate, simple leaves and flowers in which the number of stamens equals the number of petals. The order has 6 families and 7400 species.
  • Convolvulaceae (includes Cuscutaceae; Morning Glory family):
    • Aniseia, Argyreia, Astripomoea, Blinkworthia, Bonamia, Calycobolus, Calystegia (Bindweed, Morning glory), Cardiochlamys, Cladostigma, Convolvulus (Bindweed, Morning glory), Cordisepalum, Cressa, Cuscuta (Dodder), Decalobanthus, Dichondra, Dicranostyles, Dinetus, Dipteropeltis, Ericybe, Evolvulus, Falkia, Hewittia, Hildebrandtia, Humbertia, Hyalocystis, Ipomoea (Morning glory, Sweet potato), Iseia, Itzaea, Jacquemontia, Lepistemon, Lepistemonopsis, Lysiostyles, Maripa, Merremia (Hawaiian woodrose), Metaporana, Nephrophyllum, Neuropeltis, Neuropeltopsis, Odonellia, Operculina, Paralepistemon, Pentacrostigma, Polymeria, Porana, Poranopsis, Rapona, Rivea (Coaxihuitl), Sabaudiella, Seddera, Stictocardia, Stylisma, Tetralocularia, Tridynamia, Turbina, Wilsonia, Xenostegia.
  • Hydroleaceae:
    • Hydrolea
  • Montiniaceae:
    • Grevea, Kaliphora, Montinia
  • SOLANACEAE (Potato or Nightshade family): Usually herbs, shrubs or vines. Leaves usually alternate; simple to compound; no stipules. Flowers perfect, actinomorphic, and 5-merous; the 5 stamens attached to the corolla tube. Gynoecium usually with 2 carpels. Fruit a capsule or a berry. Endosperm present to absent.
    • Unassigned genera:
      • Acnistus, Alona, Atropa, Atropanthe, Calibrachoa, Chamaesaracha, Combera, Crenidium, Cuatresia, Duboisia, Exodecanus, Franciscea, Jaltomata, Latua, Leucophysalis, Mellissia, Methysticodendron, Oryctes, Plowmania, Quincula, Schizanthus, Sessea, Streptosolen, Trechonaetes, Trianaea, Withania.
    • Solanoideae:
      • Anisodus, Brugmansia, Capsicum, Cyphomandra, Datura, Grabowskia, Hyoscyamus (alt, Hyosciamus), Iochroma, Jaborosa, Juanulloeae, Lycianthes, Lycium, Lycopersicon (alt Lycopersicum), Mandragora, Markea, Nicandra, Nolana, Physalis, Physochlainia, Przewalskia, Salpichroa, Saracha, Scopolia, Solandra, Solanum, Withania, Witheringia.
    • Nicotianoideae:
      • Anthocercis, Cyphanthera, Nicotiana
    • Browallioideae:
      • Benthamiella, Browallia, Brunfelsia, Cestrum, Fabiana, Nierembergia, Parabouchetia, Petunia, Salpiglossis, Schwenckia, Sclerophylax, Vestia
    • Goetzeoideae:
      • Coeloneurum, Duckeodendron, Espadaea, Goetzea, Henoonia, Metternichia, Tsoala
  • Sphenocleaceae:
    • Sphenoclea

EUASTERIDS II (THE CAMPANULIDS)

• ORDER AQUIFOLIALES
  • Aquifoliaceae (Holly family):
    • Ilex, Nemopanthus.
  • Cardiopteridiaceae (including Lettaulaceae):
    • Cardiopteris, Citronella, Dendrobangia, Gonocaryum, Leptaulus, Pseudobotrys.
  • Helwingiaceae:
    • Helwingia.
  • Phyllonomiaceae:
    • Phyllonoma
  • Stemonaceae:
    • Croomia, Stemona, Stichoneuron, Pentastemona

• ORDER ASTERALES
  • Morphological synapomorphies for this order include: photosynthate stored in the form of the oligosaccharide inulin; ellagic acid; plunger pollination (stamens surround the style in a tube; special hairs on the style help to remove the pollen and then the style elongates to present pollen clusters to a floral visitor). This order has 12 families and 24,900 species.
  • Alseuosmiaceae:
    • Alseuosmia, Crispiloba, Wittsteinia
  • Argophyllaceae:
    • Argophyllum, Corokia
  • ASTERACEAE (Compositae; Sunflower family): Mostly herbs. Commonly store polysaccharide as inulin; some with latex in the plant. Leaves usually alternate and simple; no stipules. Inflorescence usually a head or compound heads. Flowers epigynous, sympetalous; usually perfect (some neutral or functionally staminate). Ray flowers zygomorphic and disk flowers actinomorphic (5-merous). Five stamens fused around the style. Fruit and achene, often with a persistent pappus (text with tooltip) Specialized calyx of hairs or scales. at the top.
    • Asteroideae:
      • Achillea, Anacyclus, Chamaemelum, Cladanthus, Mecomischus, Otanthus, Rhetinolepis, Santolina.
      • Artemisia. Gonospermum, Hippia, Inulanthera, Lugoa.
      • Aaronsohnia, Ajania, Anthemis, Argyranthemum, Athanasia, Anthemis, Argyranthemum, Athanasia, Castrilanthemum, Chamaemelum, Chlamydophora, Chrysanthemum, Chrysanthoglossum, Cladanthus, Coleostephus, Cotula, Crossostephium, Cymbopappus, Endopappus, Eriocephalus, Eumorphia, Filifolium, Glebionis, Glossopappus, Gymnopentzia, Heliocauta, Heteranthemis, Heteromera, Hippolytia, Hymenolepis, Hymenostemma, Ismelia, Kaschgaria, Lasiospermum, Lepidolopha, Lepidophorum, Leptinella, Leucanthemella, Leucanthemopsis, Leucanthemum, Lidbeckia, Lonas, Matricaria, Mauranthemum, Mecomischus, Microcephala, Nipponanthemum, Nivellea, Oncosiphon, Osmitopsis, Otanthus, Otospermum, Pentzia, Phalacrocarpum, Phymaspermum, Plagius, Prolongoa, Pseudohandelia, Rhetinolepis, Rhodanthemum, Santolina, Schistostephium, Seriphidium, Soliva, Sphaeromeria, Tanacetum, Tripleurospermum, Ursinia.
      • Athroisma.
      • Acamptopappus, Achnophora, Akeassia, Allittia, Almutaster, Amellus, Ampelaster, Amphiachyris, Amphipappus, Aphanostephus, Apopyros, Archibaccharis, Arctogeron, Arida, Aster, Asteropsis, Asterothamnus, Astranthium, Aylacophora, Aztecaster, Baccharis, Batopilasia, Bellis, Bellium, Benitoa, Bigelowia, Blakiella, Boltonia, Brachyscome, Callistephus, Calotis, Camptacra, Canadanthus, Celmisia, Ceratogyne, Ceruana, Chaetopappa, Chamaegeron, Chihuahuana, Chiliophyllum, Chiliotrichiopsis, Chiliotrichum, Chloracantha, Chrysocoma, Chrysoma, Chrysopsis, Chrysothamnus, Colobanthera, Columbiadoria, Commidendron, Conyza, Corethrogyne, Crinitaria, Croptilon, Cyathocline, Dacryotrichia, Damnamenia, Darwiniothamnus, Dichaetophora, Dichrocephala, Dichromochlamys, Dieteria, Dimorphocoma, Diplostephium, Doellingeria, Eastwoodia, Egletes, Elachanthus, Engleria, Ericameria, Erigeron, Erodiophyllum, Eucephalus, Eurybia, Euthamia, Felicia, Floscaldasia, Flosmutisia, Galatella, Geissolepis, Grangea, Grangeopsis, Grauanthus, Grindelia, Gundlachia, Gutierrezia, Guynesomia, Gymnosperma, Gymnostephium, Gyrodoma, Haplopappus, Hazardia, Hesperodoria, Heteromma, Heteropappus, Heteroplexis, Heterothalamus, Heterotheca, Hinterhubera, Hullsia, Hysterionica, Inulopsis, Ionactis, Iotasperma, Isocoma, Isoetopsis, Ixiochlamys, Jeffreya, Kalimeris, Kemulariella, Keysseria, Kippistia, Lachnophyllum, Laennecia, Laestadia, Lagenocypsela, Lagenophora, Lepidophyllum, Leptostelma, Lessingia, Llerasia, Lorandersonia, Machaeranthera, Madagaster, Mairia, Medranoa, Melanodendron, Microglossa, Microgynella, Minuria, Miyamayomena, Monoptilon, Mtonia, Myriactis, Nannoglottis, Nardophyllum, Neja, Neonesomia, Nestotus, Nidorella, Nolletia, Noticastrum, Novenia, Oclemena, Olearia, Oligoneuron, Olivaea, Oonopsis, Oreochrysum, Oreostemma, Oritrophium, Osbertia, Pachystegia, Pacifigeron, Paleaepappus, Pappochroma, Parastrephia, Pentachaeta, Peripleura, Petradoria, Piora, Pityopsis, Plagiocheilus, Pleurophyllum, Podocoma, Poecilolepis, Polyarrhena, Printzia, Psiadia, Psiadiella, Psilactis, Psychrogeton, Pteronia, Pyrrocoma, Pytinicarpa, Rayjacksonia, Remya, Rhamphogyne, Rhinactinidia, Rhynchospermum, Rigiopappus, Rochonia, Roodebergia, Sarcanthemum, Sericocarpus, Sheareria, Solenogyne, Solidago, Sommerfeltia, Stenotus, Stephanodoria, Symphyotrichum, Tetramolopium, Thespis, Thurovia, Tomentaurum, Tonestus, Townsendia, Tracyina, Tripolium, Vanclevea, Vittadinia, Westoniella, Xanthisma, Xanthocephalum, Xylorhiza, Xylovirgata, Zyrphelis
      • Bahia, Chaetymenia, Chamaechaenactis, Florestina , Hymenopappus, Hymenothrix, Hypericophyllum, Loxothysanus, Palafoxia, Peucephyllum, Scalesia
      • Calendula, Chrysanthemoides, Dimorphotheca, Osteospermum
      • Chaenactis, Dimeresia
      • Bidens, Coreocarpus, Coreopsis, Cosmos, Dahlia, Fitchia, Glossocardia, Thelesperma
      • Abrotanella, Acrisione, Adenostyles, Aequatorium, Angeldiazia, Antillanthus, Arbelaezaster, Arnoglossum, Arrhenechthites, Austrosynotis, Bafutia, Barkleyanthus, Bedfordia, Bethencourtia, Blennosperma, Bolandia, Brachyglottis, Brachionostylum, Cabreriella, Cacaliopsis, Capelio, Caucasalia, Caxamarca, Charadranaetes, Chersodoma, Cineraria, Cissampelopsis, Crassocephalum, Cremanthodium, Crocidium
      • Dauresia, Delairea, Dendrocacalia, Dendrophorbium, Dendrosenecio, Dicercoclados, Digitacalia, Dolichoglottis, Dolichorrhiza, Dorobaea -?Doronicum, Dresslerothamnus, Ekmaniopappus, Elekmania, Emilia, Emiliella, Endocellion, Erechtites, Eriotrix, Euryops, Farfugium, Faujasia, Faujasiopsis, Garcibarrigoa, Graphistylis, Gymnodiscus, Gynoxys, Gynura
      • Haastia, Herodotia, Herreranthus, Hertia, Hoehnephytum, Homogyne, Hubertia, Humbertacalia, Ignurbia, Io, Iranecio, Ischnea, Jacobaea, Jacmaia, Jessea, Kleinia, Lachanodes, Lamprocephalus, Leonis, Lepidospartum, Ligularia, Ligulariopsis, Lomanthus, Lopholaena, Lordhowea, Luina, Lundinia
      • Mattfeldia, Mesogramma, Mikaniopsis, Miricacalia, Misbrookea, Monticalia, Nelsonianthus, Nemosenecio, Nesampelos, Nordenstamia, Odontocline, Oldfeltia, Oligothrix, Oresbia, Othonna, Packera, Papuacalia, Paracalia, Parafaujasia, Paragynoxys, Parasenecio, Pentacalia, Pericallis, Petasites, Phaneroglossa, Pippenalia, Pittocaulon, Pladaroxylon, Pojarkovia, Psacalium, Psacaliopsis, Psednotrichia, Pseudogynoxys, Pseudojacobaea
      • Rainiera, Robinsonecio, Roldana, Rugelia, Scrobicaria, Senecio, Shafera, Sinacalia, Sinosenecio, Solanecio, Steirodiscus, Stenops, Stilpnogyne, Syneilesis, Synotis, Talamancalia, Telanthophora, Tephroseris, Tetradymia, Traversia, Tussilago, Villasenoria, Werneria, Xenophyllum, Yermo, Zemisia
      • Acanthostyles, Adenostemma, Ageratina, Ageratum, Amboroa, Aristeguietia, Ascidiogyne, Asplundianthus, Austroeupatorium, Ayapana, Ayapanopsis, Badilloa, Bartlettina, Brickellia, Chromolaena, Condylidium, Critonia, Critoniella, Cronquistianthus, Crossothamnus, Dasycondylus, Decachaeta, Ellenbergia, Eupatorium, Eutrochium, Ferreyrella, Fleischmannia, Grosvenoria, Guevaria, Gymnocoronis, Hebeclinium, Helogyne, Heterocondylus, Hughesia, Idiothamnus, Isocarpha, Kaunia, Koanophyllon, Liatris, Mikania, Monogereion, Neocuatrecasia, Neomirandea, Nothobaccharis, Ophryosporus, Phalacraea, Piqueria, Pleurocoronis, Polyanthina, Praxelis, Raulinoreitzia, Santosia, Sciadocephala, Stevia, Trilisa, Uleophytum, Urolepis –
      • Achyrocline, Ammobium, Anaphalioides, Anaphalis, Ancistrocarphus, Antennaria, Blennospora, Callilepis, Calomeria, Cassinia, Chevreulia, Craspedia, Cuatrecasasiella, Elytropappus, Euchiton, Facelis, Gamochaeta, Gnaphalium, Helichrysum, Ifloga, Ixiolaena, Jalcophila, Leontopodium, Leucogenes, Loricaria, Lucilia, Luciliocline, Mniodes, Myriocephalus, Phaenocoma, Podolepis, Pseudognaphalium, Psilocarphus, Raoulia, Relhania, Rosenia, Schoenia, Stoebe, Stuckertiella, Trichogyne, Uropappus, Vellereophyton.
      • Amblyolepis, Baileya, Balduina, Gaillardia, Helenium, Helianthella, Holoschkuhria, Hymenoxys, Marshallia, Psathyrotes, Psilostrophe, Schkuhria, Villanova
      • Ambrosia, Dicoria, Euphrosyne, Hymenoclea, Iva, Xanthium. Calyptocarpus, Encelia, Flourensia, Oblivia, Perymenium, Synedrella, Verbesina, Wedelia. Acanthospermum, Acmella, Baltimora, Berlandiera, Blainvillea, Borrichia, Chrysanthellum, Clibadium, Dracopis, Eclipta, Eleutheranthera, Echinacea, Enceliopsis, Engelmannia, Geraea, Guizotia, Helianthus, Heliomeris, Heliopsis, Hidalgoa, Iostephane, Lagascea, Leptocarpha, Lipochaeta, Melanthera, Montanoa, Pappobolus, Phoebanthus, Podachaenium, Podanthus, Ratibida, Rudbeckia, Salmea, Sanvitalia, Sclerocarpus, Sigesbeckia, Silphium, Simsia, Sphagneticola, Spilanthes, Syncretocarpus, Tithonia, Viguiera, Wollastonia, Wyethia, Zaluzania, Zinnia
      • Blumea, Buphthalmum, Caesulia, Carpesium, Dittrichia, Geigeria, Inula, Jasonia, Pentanema, Pulicaria , Stenachaenium, Telekia
      • Achyrachaena, Amblyopappus, Argyroxiphium, Arnica, Blepharipappus, Calycadenia, Constancea, Deinandra, Dubautia, Eatonella, Eriophyllum, Guardiola, Hemizonia, Holocarpha, Hulsea, Lagophylla, Lasthenia, Layia, Madia, Monolopia, Pseudobahia, Raillardella, Venegasia, Wilkesia
      • Alepidocline, Alloispermum, Aphanactis, Bebbia, Coespeletia, Cymophora, Desmanthodium, Dyscritothamnus, Espeletia, Galinsoga, Ichthyothere, Jaegeria, Melampodium, Milleria, Oteiza, Rumfordia, Smallanthus, Tetragonotheca, Tridax
      • Calea, Enydra, Neurolaena
      • Pericome, Perityle
      • Pluchea, Pseudoconyza, Pterocaulon, Sphaeranthus -Tessaria
      • Polymia
      • Adenopappus, Adenophyllum, Boeberastrum, Dyssodia, Flaveria, Jaumea, Pectis, Porophyllum, Sartwellia, Tagetes, Thymophylla
    • Barnadesoideae:
      • Barnedesia, Chuquiraga, Dasyphyllum, Doniophyton, Huarpea, Schlechtendalia.
    • Stifftoideae:
      • Dinoseris, Gongylolepis, Hyaloseris, Stifftia.
    • Mutisoideae:
      • Holocheilus, Leucomeris, Mutisia, Panphalea, Chaptalia, Gerbera, Leibitzia, Perdicium, Trichocline, Uechtritzia
    • Wunderlichoideae:
      • Stenopadus, Stomatochaeta, Wunderlichia
      • Hyalis, Ianithopappus, Leucomeris, Nouelia
    • Gochnstoideae:
      • Cnicothamnus, Cyclolepis, Gochnatia, Richterago.
    • Hecastocleidoideae:
      • Hecastocleis.
    • Caruoideae:
      • Acantholepis, Aegialophila, Aetheopappus, Alfredia, Amberboa, Amphoricarpos, Ancathia, Archiserratula, Arctium, Atractylis, Atractylodes, Berardia, Breea, Callicephalus, Cardopatium, Carduncellus, Carduus, Carlina, Carthamus, Centaurea, Centaurothamnus, Cephanonoplus, Chardinia, Cheirolophus, Cirsium, Colymbada, Cousinia, Cousiniopsis, Cousiniosis, Crocodylium, Crupina, Cynara, Diplazoptilon, Dolomiaea, Echinops, Femeniasia, Frolovia, Galactites, Hemistepta, Himalaiella, Hyalea, Hyalochaete, Hypacanthium, Jurinea, Jurinella, Karvandarina, Klasea, Klaseopsis, Lamyropappus, Lamyropsis, Lipschitziella, Mantisalca, Myopordon, Notobasis, Ochrocephala, Olgaea, Oligochaeta, Onopordum, Outreya, Phonus, Picnomon, Plagiobasis, Plectocephalus, Polytaxis, Psephellus, Ptilostemon, Rhaponticoides, Rhaponticum, Russowia, Saussurea, Schischkinia, Schmalhausenia, Serratula, Siebera, Silybum, Staehelina, Stemmacantha, Stephanochilus, Stizolophus, Synurus, Syreitschikovia, Thevenotia, Tricholepis, Tugarinovia, Tyrimnus, Volutaria, Xanthopappus, Xeranthemum, Zoegea.
      • Dicoma.
      • Brachylaena, Oldenburgia, Tarchonanthus
    • Pertyoideae:
      • Ainsliaea, Pertya.
    • Gymnarrhenoideae:
      • Gymnarrhenia.
    • Cichorioideae:
      • Arctotheca, Arctotis, Berkheya, Cullumia, Cuspidia, Cymbonotus, Didelta, Dymondia, Eremothamnus, Gazania, Gorteria, Haplocarpha, Heterolepis, Heterorhachis, Hirpicium, Hoplophyllum
      • Actites, Aetheorhiza, Agoseris, Andryala, Anisocoma, Aposeris, Arnoseris, Atrichoseris, Babcockia, Calycoseris, Catananche, Chaetadelpha, Chondrilla, Chrysoprenanthes, Cicerbita, Cichorium, Crepidiastrixeris, Crepidiastrum, Crepis, Dendroseris, Embergeria, Epilasia, Erythroseris, Geropogon, Glyptopleura, Hedypnois, Helminthotheca, Heteracia, Hieracium, Hispidella, Hyoseris, Hypochaeris, Ixeris, Kirkianella, Koelpinia, Krigia, Lactuca, Lactucosonchus, Lapsana, Lasiospora, Launaea, Leontodon, Lygodesmia, Malacothrix, Marshalljohnstonia, Microseris, Munzothamnus, Mycelis, Nothocalais, Notoseris, Paraixeris, Phalacroseris, Picris, Picrosia, Pilosella, Pinaropappus, Pleiacanthus, Podospermum, Prenanthella, Prenanthes, Pterachaenia, Pyrrhopappus, Rafinesquia, Reichardia, Rhagadiolus, Scolymus, Scorzonera, Shinnersoseris, Sonchus, Stebbinsoseris, Stephanomeria, Steptorhamphus, Sventenia, Taeckholmia, Takhtajaniantha, Taraxacum, Tolpis, Tourneuxia, Tragopogon, Uropappus, Urospermum, Youngia.
      • Gundelia, Warionia.
      • Cacosmia, Chrysactinium, Erato, Liabum, Munnozia, Oligactis, Philoglossa, Sinclairia.
      • Albertinia, Baccharoides, Bothriocline, Brachythrix, Cabobanthus, Centauropsis, Centrapalus, Centratherum, Chresta, Chrysolaena, Critoniopsis, Cyanthillium, Distephanus, Eirmocephala, Elephantopus, Eremanthus, Eremosis, Ethulia, Gorceixia, Gutenbergia, Gymnanthemum, Hesperomannia, Heterocypsela, Hilliardiella, Lepidaploa, Lepidonia, Lessingianthus, Linzia, Lychnophora, Muschleria, Orbivestus, Parapolydora, Piptocarpha, Sipolisia, Stokesia, Stramentopappus, Strobocalyx, Tephrothamnus, Vernonanthura, Vernonia, Vernoniastrum.
    • Corymbioideae:
      • Corymbium.
  • Calyceraceae:
    • Acarpha, Acicarpha, Boopsis, Calycera, Gamocarpha, Moschopsis, Nastanthus.
  • Campanulaceae (includes Lobeliaceae; Bellflower family):
    • Adenophora, Astrocodon, Asyneuma, Azorina, Berenice, Campanula (Bellflower), Canarina, Codonopsis, Craterocapsa, Cryptocodon, Cyananthus, Cylindrocarpa, Echinocodon, Edraianthus, Feeria, Gadellia, Githopsis (Bluecup), Gunillaea, Hanabusaya, Heterochaenia, Heterocodon, Homocodon, Jasione, Legousia (Venus’ Looking-glass), Leptocodon, Lightfootia, Merciera, Michauxia, Microcodon, Musschia, Namacodon, Nesocodon, Numaeacampa, Ostrowskia, Peracarpa, Petromarula, Physoplexis, Phyteuma, Platycodon (Balloonflower), Popoviocodonia, Prismatocarpus, Rhigiophyllum, Roella, Rollandia, Sergia, Siphocodon, Symphyandra, Theilera, Trachelium, Treichelia, Triodanis, Wahlenbergia, Zeugandra.
    • Apetahia, Brighamia, Burmeistera, Centropogon, Clermontia, Cyanea, Delissea, Dialypetalum, Diastatea, Dielsantha, Downingia (Calicoflower), Grammatotheca, Heterotoma, Hippobroma, Howellia, Hypsela, Isotoma, Laurentia (= Isotoma, Solenopsis, Hippobrom), Legenere (False Venus’ Looking-glass), Lobelia, Lysipomia, Monopsis, Palmerella, Porterella, Pratia, Ruthiella, Sclerotheca, Siphocampylus, Solenopsis, Trematocarpus, Trematolobelia (False Lobelia), Trimeris, Unigenes.
    • Cyphia, Cyphocarpus, Nemacladus (Threadplant), Parishella, Pseudonemacladus
  • Goodeniaceae:
    • Anthotium, Brunonia, Calogyne, Coopernookia, Dampiera, Diaspasis, Goodenia, Leschenaultia, Pentaptilon, Scaevola, Selliera, Velleia, Verreauxia.
  • Menyanthaceae:
    • Liparophyllum, Menyanthes, Nephrophyllidium, Nymphoides, Villarsia.
  • Pentaphragmaceae:
    • Pentaphragma
  • Phellinaceae:
    • Phelline
  • Rousseaceae:
    • Abrophyllum, Carpodetus, Cuttsia, Roussea.
  • Stylidiaceae:
    • Phyllachne, Forstera, Oreostylidium, Levenhookia, Stylidium.

• ORDER ESCALLONIALES
  • Escalionaceae (includes Eremosynaceae, Polyosmaceae, and Tribelaceae):
    • Anopterus, Eremosyne, Escallonia, Forgesia, Polyosma, Tribeles, Valdivia.

• ORDER BRUNIALES
  • Bruniaceae:
    • Audouinia, Berzelia, Brunia, Linconia, Lonchostoma, Mniothamnea, Nebelia, Pseudobaeckea, Raspalia, Staavia, Thamnea, Tittmannia.
  • Columelliaceae (includes Desfontainiaceae):
    • Columellia, Desfontania

• ORDER PARACRYPHIALES
  • Paracryphiaceae (includes Quintiniaceae, Sphenostomonaceae):
    • Paracryphia, Quintinia, Sphenostemon

• ORDER DIPSACALES
  • Adoxaceae (includes Sambucus and Viburnum; Elderberry family):
    • Adoxa, Sambucus, Sinadoxa, Viburnum.
  • Caprifoliaceae (includes Dipsicaceae, Valerianaceae, Diervillaceae, Linnaeaceae; Honeysuckle family):
    • Diervillia, Weigela
    • Heptacodium
    • Leycesteria, Lonicera, Symphoricarpos, Triosteum
    • Abelia, Dipelta, Kolkwitzia, Linnaea
    • Cryptothladia, Morina
    • Acanthocalyx, Pterocephalus, Dipsascus, Scabiosa
    • Triplostegia
    • Fedia, Patrina, Nardostachys, Centranthus, Plectritis, Valeriana, Valerianella

• ORDER APIALES
  • The synapomorphies of these families include: distinctive resin-oil canals associated with the vascular tissue, characteristic arrangement of lateral roots, a tiny embryo, reduced leaves at the base of the shoots. This order has 2 families and 4250 species.
  • APIACEAE (Umbelliferae; Carrot family): Woody or herbaceous. Vessels with simple, sclariform perforations. Leaves usually alternate; usually compound or dissected. Petiole usually broad and sheathing. Flowers small and in umbels (text with tooltip) An inflorescence in which pedicels arise from the same point on the peduncle. or compound umbels; usually perfect. Usually 5-merous. Gynoecium 2-5 carpels fused; epigynous; styles as many as carpels. Fruit a drupe, berry or schizocarp. Seeds small with abundant endosperm.
    • Apioideae:
      • Aciphylla, Anisotome, Gingidia, Lignocarpa, Scandia
      • Annesorhiza, Chamarea, Itasina
      • Alococarpum, Astydamia, Bilacunaria, Calyptrosciadium, Cervaria, Choritaenia, Diplolophium, Diplotaenia, Ducrosia, Erigenia, Heptaptera, Leiotulus, Lereschia, Leutea, Mozaffariania, Opsicarpium, Pseudotrachydium, Thecocarpus, Trochiscanthes
      • Bupleurum
      • Anginon, Dracosciadium, Glia, Heteromorpha, Polemannia, Pseudocarum
      • Komarovia, Parasilaus
      • Afrocarum, Berula, Cicuta, Cryptotaenia, Cynosciadium, Daucosma, Helosciadium, Lilaeopsis, Limnosciadium, Neogoezia, Oenanthe, Oxypolis, Perideridia, Ptilimnium, Sium, Trepocarpus
      • Hansenia, Haplosphaera, Notopterygium, Physospermopsis, Sinolimprichtia, Tongoloa, Trachydium
      • Aulacospermum, Eleutherospermum, Molopospermum, Physospermum, Pleurospermum
      • Agrocharis, Ammodaucus, Cuminum, Daucus, Laser, Laserpitium, Melanoselinum, Monizia, Orlaya, Pachyctenium, Polylophium, Pseudorlaya, Thapsia, Tornabenea
      • Anthriscus, Athamanta, Balansaea, Chaerophyllum, Changium, Chuanminshen, Conopodium, Dorema, Geocaryum, Kozlovia, Krasnovia, Myrrhis, Neoconopodium, Oreomyrrhis, Osmorhiza, Scandix, Tinguarra, Todaroa
      • Astrodaucus, Caucalis, Chaetosciadium, Glochidotheca, Lisaea, Szovitsia, Torilis, Turgenia, Yabea
      • Lecokia, Smyrnium
    • Azorelloideae:
      • Azorella, Bolax, Bowlesia, Dichosciadium, Diplaspis, Diposis, Drusa, Eremocharis, Gymnophyton, Homalocarpus, Huanaca, Klotzschia, Laretia, Mulinum, Oschatzia, Pozoa, Schizeilema, Spananthe, Stilbocarpa
    • Mackinlayoideae:
      • Actinotus, Apiopetalum, Centella, Mackinlaya, Micropleura, Neosciadium, Platysace, Xanthosia
    • Saniculoideae:
      • Actinolema, Alepidea, Arctopus, Astrantia, Eryngium, Petagnaea, Sanicula
      • Polemanniopsis, Steganotaenia
  • Araliaceae:
    • Apiopetalum, Mackinlaya, Pseudosciadium
    • Aralia, Arthrophyllum, Cuphocarpus, Gastonia, Hunaniopanax, Meryta, Munroidendron, Panax, Pentapanax, Polyscias, Pseudopanax, Reynoldsia, Sciadodendron, Tetraplasandra
    • Boninofatsia, Brassaiopsis, Dendropanax, Eleutherococcus, ×Fatshedera, Fatsia, Gamblea, Hedera, Heteropanax, Kalopanax, Macropanax, Metapanax, Oplopanax, Oreopanax, Schefflera, Sinopanax, Tetrapanax, Trevesia, Tupidanthus
    • Anakasia, Astrotricha, Cephalaralia, Cheirodendron, Cromapanax, Cussonia, Harmsiopanax, Megalopanax, Merrilliopanax, Motherwellia, Osmoxylon, Raukaua, Seemannaralia, Stilbocarpa, Woodburnia
    • Azorella, Centenella, Hydrocotyle, Platysace, Xanthosia
  • Griseliniaceae:
    • Griselinia
  • Myodocarpaceae:
    • Delarbrea, Myodocarpus
  • Pennantaceae:
    • Penntania
  • Pittosporaceae:
    • Pittosporum, Rhytidosporum, Bursaria, Hymenosporum, Citriobatus, Pronaya, Billardiera, Bentleya, Sollya, Cheiranthera.
  • Torricelliaceae (includes Aralidiaceae, Melanophyllaceae):
    • Aralidium, Melanophylla, Torricellia