This is Figure 14.3 from Dodge (1973). John Dodge considered the major groups of eukaryotic algae and compared them through numerical taxonomic methods. He compared them on the basis of: cell covering, nucleus, flagella, and ejectile organelles (all characters in which the dinoflagellates (DIN) were very different from the other taxa. Except for the similarity between the xanthophytes (XAN) and phaeophytes (PHAE), the diagram has almost no meaning in current thinking. Compare this analysis (numerical taxonomy) with that of Taylor (1976; phylogenetic taxonomy).