HEIRARCHICAL CLASSIFICATION OF THE PHYLUM PRIAPULA
| EUKARYA> UNIKONTA> OPISTHOKONTA> ANIMALIA> BILATERIA> PROTOSTOMATA> ECDYSOZOA> SCALIOPHORA> PRIAPULA |
PHYLUM PRIAPULA LINKS
| This is the taxonomic system of Barnes (1984). However, Brusca and Brusca (2003), and Meglitsch and Schramm (1991) both state that taxa at the ordinal level and above are not recognized in this group. This is a provisional taxonomy. |
- CLASS SETICORONARIA (1 ORDER)
- Small (<3 mm long), vermiform, tube-dwelling; anterior sclalids form 2 series of tentacles; proboscis only partly retractable; circumanal crown of hooks; no tail appendages. Tentacles form feeding trap.
- Tubiluchus, Meiopriapulus.
- Small (<3 mm long), vermiform, tube-dwelling; anterior sclalids form 2 series of tentacles; proboscis only partly retractable; circumanal crown of hooks; no tail appendages. Tentacles form feeding trap.
- CLASS PRIAPULIDA (1 ORDER)
- Small to large (5-150 mm long), vermiform, proboscis scalids form papillae and hooks, not tentacles; proboscis fully retractable; scattered hooks may be present on trunk but not organized into rings; 0-2 tail appendages. Active carnivores moving through sediment.
- Acanthopriapulus, Priapulus, Halicryptus, Priapulopsis, Maccabeus.
- Small to large (5-150 mm long), vermiform, proboscis scalids form papillae and hooks, not tentacles; proboscis fully retractable; scattered hooks may be present on trunk but not organized into rings; 0-2 tail appendages. Active carnivores moving through sediment.
| LITERATURE CITED Barnes, R. D. 1980. Invertebrate Zoology. Saunders College/Holt, Rinehart and Wilson, Philadelphia. Barnes. R. S. K. 1984a. Kingdom Animalia. IN: R. S. K. Barnes, ed. A Synoptic Classification of Living Organisms. Sinauer Associates, Inc., Sunderland, MA. pp. 129-257. Brusca, R. C. and G. J. Brusca. 2003. Invertebrates. Sinauer Associates, Inc. Sunderland, Mass. Buchsbaum, R. 1938. Animals Without Backbones, An Introduction to the Invertebrates. The University of Chicago Press. Chicago. Hickman, C. P. 1973. Biology of the Invertebrates. The C. V. Mosby Company. Saint Louis. Margulis, L. and K. Schwartz. 1998. Five kingdoms, an illustrated guide to the phyla of life on earth. 3rd Edition. W. H. Freeman and Company. New York. Nicholas, W.L. 2001b. The pseudocoelomate Ecdysozoa. In: Anderson, D.T., ed. Invertebrate Zoology. Oxford University Press. Oxford, UK. pp. 98-119. Nielsen, C. 2001. Animal Evolution: Interrelationships of the Living Phyla. 2nd Edition. Oxford University Press. Oxford. Pechenik, J. A. 2005. Biology of the Invertebrates. McGraw-Hill. New York. Schmidt-Rhaesa, A. 1998. Phylogenetic relationships of the Nematomorpha – a discussion of current hypotheses. Zoologischer Anzeiger 236:203-216. Storer, T. I. and R. L. Usinger. 1965. General Zoology. 4th Edition. McGraw-Hill Book Company. New York. Telford, M. J. S. J. Bourlat, A. Economou, D. Papillion, and O. Rota-Stabelli. 2008. The evolution of Ecdysozoa. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B. 363: 1529-1537. Tudge, C. 2000. The Variety of Life, A Survey and a Celebration of all the Creatures That Have Ever Lived. Oxford University Press. New York. |
| By Jack R. Holt and Carlos A. Iudica. Last revised: 02/04/2012 |
