CLASS POLYTHALAMEA (FORAMINIFEREA)

Cells with a multichambered test, chambers often spirally arranged, most filopodia extending from the terminal aperture of the largest chamber; the test is variable and ranges from organic to an agglutination of particles to calcareous, hyaline or opaque; exclusively marine in a variety of habitats; often with symbiotic algae; some exhibit nuclear dimorphism; some have an alternation of sexual (gamont) and asexual (agamont) generations. This group is called the “forams” and has an extensive fossil record; this class has 10 orders.

• ORDER ALLOGROMIDA
  • Cells which have a single chamber; the tests are flexible, smooth and membranous, often with agglutinated material.
  • Allogromia, Myxotheca, Ophiotuba, Boderia, Lagynia, Periptygma, Gloiogullmia, Cylindrogullmia.

• ORDER ASTRORHIZIDA
  • Test with single chamber; shape variable (globular, tubular, or branching); may have proloculus with other irregular chambers; wall made of agglutinated material.
  • Vanhoeffenella, Pelosina, Astrorhiza, Astrorhizoidese, Schizammina, Jullienella, Astrammina, Pilulina, Saccamina, Ovammina, Technitella, Crithionina, Ammopemphix, Hemisphaerammina, Iridia, Lana, Ipoa, Normanina, Komokia, Septuma, Chrondrodapsis, Baculella, Edgertonia.

• ORDER TEXTULARIDA
  • The tests are multichambered and covered by a layer of sand grains and other particles in an organic and partly mineral matrix.
  • Textularia, Clavulina, Trochammina, Ammodiscus, Psammosphaera, Schizammina, Rheophax, Miliammina, Adercotryma, Cystammina, Recurvoides, Cribrostomoides, Lituotuba, Ammobaculites, Ammoastula, Placopsilina, Cyclammina, Spirotextularia, Spiroplectammina, Vulvulina, Trochaminella, Portatrochammina, Tritaxis, Trochammina, Deuterammina, Jadammina, Arenoparrella, Remaneica, Asteroparatrochammina, Gaudryina, Globotextularia, Karreriella, Eggerella, Edgerelloides, Siphotextularia, Planctostoma, Clavulina, Valvulina.

• ORDER ROBERTINIDA
  • Test multichambered; rolled trochospirally with internal walls; hyaline (made of aragonite) with fine pores. Mainly extinct forms
  • Pseudobulimina, Cushmanella, Alliatina, Robertina, Robertinoides, Hoeglundina.

• ORDER CARTERINIDA
  • Test of secreted calcite spicules.
  • Carterina, Zaninettia.

• ORDER SPIRILLINIDA
  • Test calcitic; made of a single crystal (or a few). Wall made by accretion of calcite rather than mineralization of organic matrix.
  • Nubecularia, Spirillina, Sejunctella, Mychostomina, Turrispirulina, Patellina, Patellinoides.

• ORDER MILIOLIDA
  • The tests are multichambered and made of small calcite crystals which produces a porcelain appearance in the light.
  • Cornuspira, Meandrospira, Cornuspiroides, Cornuspirella, Fischerina, Trisegmentina, Subfischeri, Planispirina, Planispirinella, Wiesnerella, Nodobaculariella, Vertebralina, Fischerinella, Zoyaella, Glomulina, Nubeculina, Nodophthalmidium, Nubeculinita, Webbina, Nubecularia, Gymnesia, Nubeculopsis, Calcituba, Cornuspiramia, Riveroina, Pseudohauerina, Pseudohaurinella, Edentostomina, Ophthalamia, Spirophthalmidium, Cornuloculina, Rectospiroloculina, Adelosina, Cibrolinoides, Planispirinoides, Inaequalina, Pippinia, Nummulopyrgo, Flintia, Cribrospiroloculina, Neospiroloculina, Spiroloculina, Siphonaptera, Dentostomina, Schlumbergerina, Sigmoilopsis, Agglutinella, Ammomassilina, Pseudoflintina, Tubinella, Vertebrasigmoilina, Parrina, Articulina, Rectomassilina, Cibropyrgo, Nevillina, Pseudopyrgo, Mesosigmoilina, Biloculinella, Sigmoinella, Nummoloculina, Sigmoilina, Pyrgoella, Pyrgo, Sigmopyrgo, Anchihauerina, Sigmoilinella, Sigmoilinita, Massilinoides, Proemassilina, Massilina, Sigmoihauerina, Polysegmentina, Hauerina, Parahauerina, Parahauerinoides, Sissonia, Lorettaoides, Pseudomassilina, Miliolinella, Wellmanellinella, Steigerina, Ptychomiliola, Mesopateoris, Neopateoris, Involvohauerina, Flintinoides, Flintina, Subedentostomina, Pseudoschlumbergerina, Sigmella, Lachlanella, Cycloforina, Quinqueloculina, Pseudotriloculina, Varidentella, Cribromiliolinella, Cruciloculina, Triloculinella, Triloculinellus, Triloculinoides, Affinetrina, Triloculina, Borelis, Flosculinella, Alveolinella, Dendritina, Monalysidium, Spirolina, Coscinospira, Laevipeneroplis, Peneroplis, Androsina, Archaias, Parasorites, Cycloputeolina, Cyclorbiculina, Marginopora, Sorites, Amphisorus, Cyclogyra, Squamulina, Ammobaculites, Miliammina, Nodosinum. Miliola.

• ORDER LAGENIDA
  • Test made of radiate calcite crystals.
  • Sipholagena, Cribrolagena, Lagena, Procerolagena, Hyalinonetrion, Oolina, Fissurina, Parafissurina, Pristinosceptrella, Cushmanina, Solenina, Wiesnerina, Palliolatella, Phlegeria, Glandulina, Laryngosigma, Entolingulina, Seabrookia, Lingulina, Frondicularia, Dentalina, Nodosaria, Pyramidulina, Amphimorphina, Proxifrons, Lenticulina, Saracenaria, Vaginulina, Astacolus, Amphicoryna, Webbinella, Fussuripolymorphina, Polymorphina, Pyrulina, Globulina, Guttulina, Ramulina, Discoramulina.

• ORDER ROTALIIDA
  • These cells have a hyaline, almost glassy test which has many foramina; the walls are laminar.
  • Stilostomella, Siphonodosaria, Nodogenerina, Bolivina, Bolivinellina, Brizalina, Abditodentrix, Bolivinita, Coryphostoma, Fursenkoina, Rutherfordoides, Sigmavirgulina, Stuartia, Ellipsobulimina, Ellipsoglandulina, Nodosarella, Pleurostomella, Islandiella, Globocassidulina, Cassidulina, Favocassidulina, Bursoelina, Ehrenbergina, Virgulinopsis, Birgulopsis, Cassidelina, Stainforthia, Bulimina, Globobulimina, Praeglobobulimina, Uvigerina, Euuvigerina, Siphouvigerina, Neouvigerina, Angulogerina, Trifarina, Hopkinsinella, Sagrinella, Rectobolivina, Loxostomina, Parabrizalina, Sagrina, Sagrinopsis, Siphogenerina, Acostina, Fijiella, Reussella, Chrysalidinella, Compressigerina, Valvobifarina, Siphoninoides, Siphonina, Siphoninella, Rotaliella, Metarotaliella, Rossyatella, Angulodiscorbis, Planoglabratella, Glabratellina, Glabratella, Rosalina, Neoconorbina, Planodiscorbis, Gavelinopsis, Baggina, Cancris, Valvulineria, Stetsonia, Epistominella, Pseudoparrella, Torresina, Laticarinina, Discobinita, Discorbinella, Cibicides, Paracibicides, Montfortella, Dyocibicides, Cyclocibicides, Carpenteria, Biarritzina, Rupertina, Sphaerogypsina, Acervulina, Planogypsina, Gypsina, Discogypsina, Sporadotrema, Homotrema, Miniacina, Eponidella, Palmerinella, Nuttalides, Pseudoeponides, Rubratella, Eoponidella, Asterigerinata, Astrononion, Nonionoides, Nonionella, Haynesina, Nonion, Melonis, Pullenia, Anomalinella, Chilostomella, Quadrimorphina, Alabamina, Svratkina, Osangularia, Oridorsalis, Anomilinoides, Gemellides, Heterolepa, Discomalina, Gyroidella, Gyroidina, Gyroidinopsis, Hansenisca, Hanzawaia, Nebobuccella, Buccella, Trichohyalus, Discorbis, Eponides, Ozawaia, Notorotalia, Parrellina, Elphidiella, Cibroelphidium, Elphidium, Schlumbergerella, Neorotalia, Calcarina, Baculogypsina, Ammonia, Pararotalia, Challengerella, Rotalidium, Asterorotalia, Pseudorotalia, Discorbis, Strebloides, Rotorbis, Rotorboides, Poroeponides, Neoeponides, Eponides, Heterostegina, Nummulites, Assilina, Operculina, Cycloclypeus, Heterocyclina, Calcarina, Elphidium, Hastigerina,Heterostegina, Globigerinella, Eponides, Cibicides, Planorbulina, , Cymbalopora, Homotrema, Annulopatellina, Patellina, Metarotiella, Rubratella, Glabratella, Loxostomum, Marginula, Buliminella, Discorbis.

• ORDER GLOBIGERINIDA
  • Test perforate, hyaline calcite.
  • Tenuitellinata, Globigerinita, Tinophodella, Tenuitella, Tenuitellita, Hastigerinopsis, Hastigerina, Orcadia, Sphaeroidinella, Globigerinoides, Globigerinella, Bolliella, Globigerina, Beella, Pulleniatina, Orbulina, Paragloborotalia, Clavatorella, Paragloborotalia, Neogloboquadrina, Berggenia, Turborotalita.

CLASS XENOPHYOPHOREA

Very large amoebae (usually larger than 1 cm). Multinucleated with a test of cemented materials. They accumulate waste (stercomata) between the cell and test. Cytoplasm with barite crystals.

• ORDER PSAMMINIDA
  • Generally well organized cells with well developed tests. No linnellae (extracellular proteinaceous strips).
  • Aschemonella, Cerelasma, Cerelpemma, Galatheammina, Maudammina, Ocultammina, Psammetta, Psammina, Reticulammina, Semipsammina, Syringammina, Homogammina.

• ORDER STANNOMIDA
  • Tests with linnellae, extracellular proteinaceous strips.
  • Stannoma, Stannophyllum.

INCERTAE SEDIS

Large cells without tests

• Reticulomyxa