HIERARCHICAL CLASSIFICATION OF THE KINGDOM SPIROCHAETAE (EHRENBERG 1855) AND ITS SINGLE PHYLUM SPIROCHAETOBACTERIA

EUBACTERIA> PROTEOBACTERIAE> SPIROCHAETAE> SPIROCHAETOBACTERIA |
KINGDOM SPIROCHAETAES LINKS
This system follows that of Margulis and Schwartz (1998) and Garrity et al. (2001 and 2003) who treat the spirochaetes as a phylum. |
- CLASS SPIROCHAETIAE
- ORDER SPIROCHAETIALES
- Spirochaeta, Borrelia, Brevinema, Clevelandina, Cristispira, Diplocalyx, Hollandia, Pillotina, Treponema.
- Serpulina, Brachyspira.
- Leptonema, Leptospira.
- ORDER SPIROCHAETIALES
LITERATURE CITED Barnes, R. S. K. 1984b. Kingdom Monera. IN: Barnes, R.S.K., ed. A synoptic classification of living organisms. Sinauer Associates. Sunderland, Mass. Black, J. G. 2002. Microbiology, Principles and Explorations. 5th ed. John Wiley and Sons, Inc. New York. Brock, T. D., M.T. Madigan, J.M. Martinko, and J. Parker. 1994. Biology of Microorganisms. 7th ed. Prentice Hall. Englewood Cliffs, NJ. Garrity, G. M., M. Winters, and D. Searles. 2001. Bergey’s manual of systematic bacteriology. 2nd ed. Springer-Verlag. New York. Garrity, G. M., J. A. Bell, and T. G. Lilburn. 2003. Taxonomic Outline of the Prokaryotes. Bergey’s Manual of Systematic Bacteriology. 2nd edition. Release 4.0. Springer-Verlag. New York. pp. 1-397. Hoover, R. B., E. V. Pikuta, A. K. Bej, D. Marsic, W. B. Whitman, J. Tang, and P. Krader. 2003. Spirochaeta americana sp. nov., a new haloalkaliphilic, obligately anaerobic spirochaete isolated from soda Mono Lake in California. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology. 53: 815-821. Krieg, N. R. 1984. Gram-negative aerobic rods and cocci. In: Krieg, N. R. and J. G. Holt, eds. Bergey´s Manual of Systematic Bacteriology, Vol. 1: 140-408. Magot, M., M.-L. Fardeau, O. Arnauld, C. Lanau, B. Olivier, P. Thomas, and B. K. C. Patel. 1993. Spirochaeta smaragdinae sp. nov., a new mesophilic strictly anaerobic spirochete from an oil field. FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 155: 185-191. Margulis, L. 1993. Symbiosis in Cell Evolution. Freeman. New York. Margulis, L., M. F. Dolan, and R. Guerrero. 2000. The chimeric eukaryote: Origin of the nucleus from the karyomastigont in amitochondriate protists. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 97(13): 6954-6959. Margulis, L. and K. Schwartz. 1988. Five kingdoms, an illustrated guide to the phyla of life on earth. 2nd Edition. W. H. Freeman and Co. New York. Margulis, L. and K. Schwartz. 1998. Five kingdoms, an illustrated guide to the phyla of life on earth. 3nd Edition. W. H. Freeman and Co. New York. Tudge, C. 2000. The Variety of Life, A Survey and a Celebration of all the Creatures That Have Ever Lived. Oxford University Press. New York. Woese, C. R. and G. E. Fox. 1977. Phylogenetic structure of the prokaryotic domain: the primary kingdoms. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA. 74:5088-5090. Woese, C. R., O. Kandler, and M. L. Wheelis. 1990. Towards a natural system of organisms: Proposal for the domains Archaea, Bacteria, and Eucarya. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 87: 4576-4579. |
By Jack R. Holt. Last revised: 02/08/2012 |