Skip to content

HIERARCHICAL CLASSIFICATION OF THE PHYLUM ACTINOBACTERIA

HIERARCHICAL CLASSIFICATION OF THE PHYLUM ACTINOBACTERIA

EUBACTERIA> FIRMICUTAE> ACTINOBACTERIA
PHYLUM ACTINOBACTERIA LINKS

Description of Phylum

Synoptic Description

This system is a minor modification of Garrity et al. (2001 and 2003). We use the structure of Stackebrandt et al. (1997) with the modification of Hugenholtz and Stackebrandt (2004).
  • CLASS ACIDIMICROBIAE
    • ORDER ACIDIMICROBIALES
      • Acidimicrobium.
  • CLASS RUBROMICROBIAE
    • ORDER RUBROBACTERIALES
      • Rubrobacter, Solirubrobacter.
  • CLASS CORIOBACTERIAE
    • ORDER CORIOBACTERIALES
      • Coriobacterium, Atopobium, Collinsella, Cryptobacterium, Denitrobacterium, Eggerthella, Slackia.
  • CLASS ACTINOBACTAERIAE
    • ORDER ACTNOMYCETALES
      • Actinomyces, Actinobaculum, Arcanobacterium, Mobiluncus.
      • Micrococcus, Arthrobacter, Kocuria, Nesterenkonia, Renibacterium (?), Rothia, Stomatococcus, Bogoriella (?), Rarobacter (?), Sanguibacter, Brevibacterium, Cellulomonas, Oerskovia, Dermabacter, Brachybacterium, Dermatophilus, Dermacoccus (?), Demetria (?), Kytococcus (?), Intrasporangium, Janibacter, Ornithicoccus, Ornithinimicrobium, Nostocoidia, Terrabacter, Jonesia, Microbacterium, Agrococcus, Agromyces, Aureobacterium, Clavibacter, Cryobacterium, Curtobacterium, Frigoribacterium, Leifsonia, Leucobacter (?), Rathaybacter, Subtercola.
      • Corynebacterium, Dietzia, Gordonia, Skermania, Mycobacterium, Nocardia, Rhodococcus, Tsukamurella, Williamsia.
      • Micromoronspora, Actinplanes, Catellatospora, Catenuloplanes, Couchioplanes, Dactylosporangium, Pilimela, Spirilliplanes, Verrucosispora.
      • Propionibacterium, Luteococcus, Microlunatus, Propioniferax, Tessaracoccus, Nocardoides, Aeromicrobium, Friedmanniella, Hongia, Kribbella, Micropruina, Marmoricola.
      • Pseudonocardia, Actinoalloteichus, Actinopolyspora, Amycolatopsis, Kibdelosporangium, Kuntzeria, Prauserella, Saccharomonospora, Saccharopolyspora, Streptoalloteichus, Thermobispora, Thermocrispum, Actinosynnema, Actinkineospora, Lentzea, Saccharothrix.
      • Streptomyces, Kitasatospora, Streptoverticillium.
      • Streptosporangium, Acrocarpospora, Herbidospora, Microbispora, Microtetraspora, Nonomurea, Planobispora, Planomonospora, Planopolyspora, Planotetraspora, Nocardiopsis, Thermobifida, Thermomonospora, Actinmadura, Spirillospora.
      • Frankia, Geodermatophilus, Blastococcus, Modestobacter, Microsphaera, Sporichthya, Acidothermus, Kineosporia, Cryptosporangium, Kineococcus, Glycomyces.
    • ORDER BIFIDOBACTERIALES
      • Bifidobacterium, Falcivibrio, Gardnerella.
      • Actinobispora, Actinocorallia, Excellospora, Pelczaria, Turicella.
LITERATURE CITED

Atkinson W., J. Hamborsky, L. McIntyre, and S. Wolfe. eds. 2007. Diphtheria. in: Epidemiology and Prevention of Vaccine-Preventable Diseases (The Pink Book) (10th ed.). Washington DC: Public Health Foundation. pp. 59–70. http://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/pubs/pinkbook/downloads/dip.pdf.

Auerbacher, I. 2006. Finding Dr. Schatz, The discovery of streptomycin and a life it saved. iUniverse. Lincoln, NE.

Barnes, R. S. K. 1984b. Kingdom Monera. IN: Barnes, R.S.K., ed. A synoptic classification of living organisms. Sinauer Associates. Sunderland, Mass.

Brock, T. D., M. T. Madigan, J. M. Martinko, and J. Parker. 1994. Biology of Microorganisms. 7th ed. Prentice Hall. Englewood Cliffs, NJ.

Bentley, S.D., K. F. Chater, A.-M. Cerdeño-Tárraga, G. L. Challis, N. R. Thomson, K. D. James, D. E. Harris, M. A. Quail, H. Kieser, D. Harper, A. Bateman, S. Brown, G. Chandra, C. W. Chen, M. Collins, A. Cronin, A. Fraser, A. Goble, J. Hidalgo, T. Hornsby, S. Howarth, C.-H. Huang, T. Kieser, L. Larke, L. Murphy, K. Oliver, S. O’Neil, E. Rabbinowitsch, M.-A. Rajandream, K. Rutherford, S. Rutter, K. Seeger, D. Saunders, S. Sharp, R. Squares, S. Squares, K. Taylor, T. Warren, A. Wietzorrek, J. Woodward, B. G. Barrell, J. Parkhill, D. A. Hopwood. 2002. Complete genome sequence of the model actinomycete Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2). Nature. 417: 141-147.

Broussard, G. W., M. B. Norris, A. R. Schwindt, J.. W. Fournie, R. N. Win, M. L. Kent, and D. G. Ennis. 2008. Chronic Mycobacterium marinum infection acts as a tumor promoter in Japanese Medaka (Oryzias latipes). Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology. Part C. 149: 152-160.

Chen, M.-Y., S.-H. Wu, G.-H. Lin, C.-P. Lu, Y.-T. Lin, W.-C. Chang, and S.-S. Tsay. 2004. Rubrobacter taiwanensis sp. nov., a novel thermophilic, radiation-resistant species isolated from hot springs. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology. 54: 1849-1855.

Clark, D. A. and P. R. Norris. 1996. Acidomicrobium ferrooxidans gen. nov., sp. nov.: mixed-culture ferrous iron oxidation with Sulfobacillus species. Microbiology. 142: 785-790.

Clum, A., M. Nolan, E. Lang, T. Glavina Del Rio, H. Tice, A. Copeland, J.-F. Cheng, S. Lucas, F. Chen, D. Bruce, L. Goodwin, S. Pitluck, N. Ivanova, K. Mavromatis, N. Mikhailova, A. Pati, A. Chen, K. Palaniappan, M. Göker, S. Spring, M. Land, L. Hauser, Y.-J. Chang, C. C. Jeffries, P. Chain, J. Bristow, J. A. Eisen, V. Markowitz, P. Hugenholtz, N. C. Kyrpides, H.-P. Klenk, and A. Lapidus. 2009. Complete genome of Acidimicrobium ferrooxidans type strain (ICP). Standards in Genomic Sciences. 1: 38-45.

Garrity, G. M., M. Winters, and D. Searles. 2001. Bergey’s manual of systematic bacteriology. 2nd ed. Springer-Verlag. New York.

Garrity, G. M., J. A. Bell, and T. G. Lilburn. 2003. Taxonomic Outline of the Prokaryotes. Bergey’s Manual of Systematic Bacteriology. 2nd edition. Release 4.0. Springer-Verlag. New York. pp. 1-397.

Ghosh, J., P. Larsson, B. Singh, B. M. F. Pettersson, N. N. Islam, S. N. Sarkar, S. Dasgupta, and L. A. Kirsebom. 2009. Sporulation in mycobacteria. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 106(26): 10781-10786.
Holmes, A. J., J. Bowyer, M. P. Holley, M. O’Donoghue, M. Montgomery, and M. R. Gillings. 2000. Diverse, yet-to-be-cultured members of the Rubrobacter subdivision of the Actinobacteria are widespread in Australian arid soils. FEMS Microbiology Ecology. 33: 111-120.

Hugenholtz, P. and E. Stackebrandt. 2004. Reclassification of Sphaerobacter thermiphilus from the subclass Sphaerobacteridae in the phylum Actinobacteria to the class Thermomicrobia (emended description) in the phylum Chloroflexi (emended description). International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology. 54: 2049-2051.

Krogius-Kurikka, L., A. Kassinen, L. Paulin, J. Corander, H. Makivuokko, J. Tuimala, and A. Palva. 2009. Sequence analysis of percent G+C fraction libraries of human faecal bacterial DNA reveals a high number of Actinobacteria. BMC Microbiol.

Lawson, P. A., H. L. Greetham, G. R. Gibson, C. Giffard, E. Falsen, and M. D. Collins. 2005. Slackia faecicanis sp. nov., isolated from canine faeces. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology. 55: 1243-1246.

Margulis, L. and K. Schwartz. 1998. Five Kingdoms, An Illustrated Guide to the Phyla of Life on Earth. 3rd Edition. W. H. Freeman and Co. New York.

Montalvo, N. F., N. M. Mohamed, J. J. Enticknap, and R. T. Hill. Novel actinobacteria from sponges. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek. 87(1): 29-36.

Nakazawa, F., Poco, S.E., Ikeda, T., Sato, M., Kalfas, S., Sundqvist, G., Hoshino, E. (1999). Cryptobacterium curtum gen nov., sp. nov., a new genus of Gram-positive anaerobic rod isolatated from human oral cavities. Int. J. syst. Bact. 49, 1193-1200.

Niva. M., A. Hernesmaa, K. Haahtela, M. Salkinoja-Salonen, K. Sivonen, and K. Haukka. 2006. Actinobacterial communities of boreal forest soil and lake water high in mycobacteria. Boreal Environment Research. 11: 45-53.

Schell, M. A., M. Karmirantzou, B. Snel, D. Vilanova, B. Berger, G. Pessi, M. C. Zwahlen, F. Desiere, P. Bork, M. Delley, P. D. Pridmore, and F. Arigoni. 2002. The genome sequence of Bifidobacterium longum reflects its adaptation to the human gastrointestinal tract. Proceedings of the National Academy of Science U S A. 102(26): 14422–14427.

Singleton, D. R., M. A. Furlong, A. D. Peacock, D. C. White, D. C. Coleman, and W. B. Whitman. 2003. Solirubrobacter pauli gen. nov., sp. nov., a mesophilic bacterium within the Rubrocacteridae related to common soil clones. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology. 53: 485-490.
Tudge, C. 2000. The Variety of Life, A Survey and a Celebration of all the Creatures That Have Ever Lived. Oxford University Press. New York.

Warnecke, F., R. Amann, and J. Pernthaler. 2004. Actinobacterial 16S rRNA genes from freshwater habitats cluster in four distinct lineages. Environmental Microbiology. 6(3): 242-253.

Williams, S. T. and M. E. Sharpe, eds. 1989. Bergey’s Manual of Systematic Bacteriology. Volume 4. Williams and Wilkins. New York.

Yoshinaka, T., K. Yano, and H. Yamaguchi. 1973. Isolation of a highly radioresistant bacterium, Arthrobacter radiotolerans nov. sp. Agric. Biol. Chem. 37:2269-2275.
By Jack R. Holt. Last revised: 02/09/2012
Print Friendly, PDF & Email

Document Footer

Skip to toolbar