HIERARCHICAL CLASSIFICATION OF THE PHYLUM ANNELIDA
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ANNELIDA LINKS
| The following taxonomy is informed by the systems of Rouse and Anderson (2001) and Brusca and Brusca (2003); and modified by Struck et al. (2007), Zrzavy et al. (2009), McHugh (1997), Halanych et al. (2002), and Siddall et al. (2004). The classification presented here is highly artificial and will be revised. |
CLASS POLYCHAETA (25 ORDERS)
- Usually marine; with lateral, biramous
parapodia
(text with tooltip)
Parapodia are flap-like extentions of the body segments of certain polychaete worms. They possess setae or bristles and usually function in locomotion.
bearing setae in distinct fascicles, and, typically, with sensory and feeding organs on the pro- and peristomium which together form a head. Spaceous coelom; often with reduced septa, thus, cavities of adjacent segments may be confluent; pharynx may be eversible. Sexes usually separate and fertilization external, gametes leaving body via simple ducts or rupture of body wall; trochophore larva commonly occurs. Pelagic or benthic; tube-dwelling or errant; free-living, commensal or parasitic. Current phylogenetic work suggests that the Pogonophora should be included in this class as a family. However, its position is still under evaluation; so, I have kept it separate as a class.
- Abarenicola, Arenicola, Capitella, Notomastus, Clymenella, Maldane, Praxiella.
- Chaetopterus, Mesochaetopterus, Phylochaetopteris
- Cirratulus, Cirriformia, Dodecaceria.
- Arabella, Drilonereis, Eunice, Marphysa, Palola, Ichthyotomus, Lumbrinerides, Ninoe, Diopatra, Onuphis, Paradiopatra.
- Asteriomyzostomum, Cystimyzostomum, Myzostoma.
- Armandia, Euzonus, Ophelia, Polyphthalmus.
- Polyphysia.
- Polydora, Scolelepis, Spio, Spiophanes.
- Orbinia, Scoloplos.
- Owenia.
- Alciopa, Alciopina, Torrea, Vanadis, Aphrodita, Pontogenia, Glycera, Glycerella, Hemipodus, Aglaphamus, Micronephtyes, Nephtyes, Cheilonereis, Dendronereis, Neanthes, Nereis, Platynereis, Eteone, Eulalia, Notophyllum, Phyllodoce, Arctonoe, Gorgoniapolynoe, Eulagisca, Halosydna, Harmothoe, Hesperonoe, Polynoa, Autolytus, Brania, Odontosyllis, Trypanosyllis, Tomopteris.
- Bispira, Eudistylia, Fabricia, Myxicola, Sabella, Schizobranchia, Filograna, Hydroides, Serpula, Spirobranchus, Circeis, Paralaeospira, Spirorbis.
- Amphictene, Pectinaria, Petta, Phragmatopoma, Sabellaria, Amphitrite, Pista, Polycirrus, Terrebella, Thelepus.
- Manayunkia, Polygordius.
CLASS POGONOPHORA
- SUBCLASS PERVIATA (1 ORDER)
- Short glandular region has a raised ridge (a
frenulum
(text with tooltip)
A frenulum is a raised raised glandular ridge on the surface of certain pogonophorans.
) running obliquely around it; the trunk usually with setae; with 1 to >200 tentacles; tubes anchored in soft sediment.
- Birstenia, Heptabrachia, Diplobrachia, Lamellissbella, Oligobrachia, Polybrachia, Siboglinum, Spirobrachia, Zenkevitchiana.
- Short glandular region has a raised ridge (a
frenulum
(text with tooltip)
A frenulum is a raised raised glandular ridge on the surface of certain pogonophorans.
) running obliquely around it; the trunk usually with setae; with 1 to >200 tentacles; tubes anchored in soft sediment.
- SUBCLASS OBDURATA (ALSO CALLED VESTMENTIFERA; 1 ORDER)
- Without frenulum or glandular region, replaced by 2 vestmental “wings” that meet in the dorsal mid-line and extend towards the anterior end; plug of hardened tissue among tentacles used to close tube opening; without setae on trunk; with >1000 tentacles; tubes attached to hard substrate.
- Escarpia, Lamellabrachia, Oasisia, Ridgeia, Riftia, Tevnia.
- Without frenulum or glandular region, replaced by 2 vestmental “wings” that meet in the dorsal mid-line and extend towards the anterior end; plug of hardened tissue among tentacles used to close tube opening; without setae on trunk; with >1000 tentacles; tubes attached to hard substrate.
CLASS ECHIURIDA
- Achaetobonellia, Bonellia, Bruunella, Echiurus, Listriolobus, Thalassema, Tatjanellia.
- Urechis.
- Ikeda.
CLASS CLITELLATA (7 ORDERS IN 2 SUBCLASSES)
- Without parapodia or cephalic appendages; reduced or no setae; ganglia of nerve cords fused, nerve cords may or may not be attached to the epidermis; hermaphroditic, with reproductive organs confined to a few segments, with complex gonoducts; with glandular area of epidermis, the clitellum (text with tooltip) The clitellum is a swollen, glandular portion of some annelids. It secretes the cocoon, in which the embryo develops. , which secretes a cocoon (text with tooltip) A cocoon is a secreted protective covering that protects larval stages of many animals. in which fertililized eggs are enclosed; cross fertilization via copulatory organs; direct development. Common in soil, freshwater, and marine environments.
- SUBCLASS OLIGOCHAETA
- Aeolosoma.
- Lamprodillus, Rhynchelmis, Stylodrilus, Styloscolex, Trichodrylus, Desmogaster, Moniligaster.
- Alma, Callidrilus, Megascolides, Megascolex, Pheretima, Inanidrillus, Olavius, Branchiura, Clitellio, Limnodrilus, Tubifex, Branchiodrilus, Dero, Ripistes, Slavina, Stylaria, Allolobophora, Diporodrilus, Eisenia, Lumbricus
- Nais, Enchytraeus, Allolobophora.
- SUBCLASS HIRUNDINOIDEA
- Acanthobdella.
- Branchiobdella, Cambarinicola, Stephanodrilus.
- Erpobdella, Glossophonia, Haemapsida, Hirudo, Oxobranchus, Piscicola, Pontobdella, Placobdella, Macrobdella, Haemopis, Dina.
CLASS SIPUNCULA
- SUBCLASS SIPUNCULIDA (1 ORDER)
- Tentacles in a ring around the mouth.
- Themiste, Onchnesoma, Phascolion, Golfingia, Nephasoma, Thysanocardia.
- Phascolopsis, Siphonomecus, Siphonosoma, Sipunculus, Xenosiphon.
- Tentacles in a ring around the mouth.
- SUBCLASS PHASCOLOSOMIDA (1 ORDER)
- Tentacles in a ring that is dorsal to the mouth.
- Aspidosiphon, Cloeosiphon, Lithacrosiphon.
- Antillesoma, Apionsoma, Phascolosoma, Dendrostomum.
- Tentacles in a ring that is dorsal to the mouth.
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| By Jack R. Holt. Last revised: 01/25/2012 |
