SUBPHYLUM CHROMERIDA

• Chomera, Vitrella

SUBPHYLUM CONOIDASIDA

• Conoid (text with tooltip) An conoid is part of the apical complex in the apicomplexa. It is made of a characteristic spiraled microtubular arrangement at the apex of the cell. (when present) forms complete, but truncated, cone; sexual and asexual reproduction in lifecycle; each zygote normally forms an oocyst (text with tooltip) An oocyst is an encysted zygote in many microbial eukaryotes (e.g. coccidians and heliozoans). wall within which it undergoes meiosis, sometimes followed by mitosis, in the process of sporogony (text with tooltip) Sporogony is the multiple mitosis and cytokinesis of a zygote without an increase in cell size. It can also be involved in the meiosis and subsequent mitosis (with cytokinesis) to produce spores within the zygote. producing mobile vermiform sporozoites (text with tooltip) Sporozoites are the infective stages that are the products of sporogony in apicomplexans. (infective stage); mitotic divisions also occur during merogony (text with tooltip) Merogony is a type of schizogony that produces merozoites, stages that also can undergo multiple cell divisions. of the feeding stages ( trophozoites (text with tooltip) Trophozoite is the feeding stage, usually of a unicellular parasite. ) and during gametogony (text with tooltip) Gametogamy is gametic fusion. ; microgametes (text with tooltip) Microgametes (sperm) develop from a microgamont in apicomplexans. (sperm) of some are flagellated; locomotion of other gametes and any other mobile stages by gliding or body flexion; some with pseudopodia, but use them only in phagocytosis.

CLASS

• SUBCLASS CRYPTOSPORASINA
  • Cryptosporidium

• SUBCLASS GREGARINASINA
  • Lifestyle typically includes only gametogony and sporogony; sporozoites penetrate host cells, but trophozoites grow large and become extracellular, usually maintaining a connection with host cells by thorn-like mucron or expanded anterior epimerite (text with tooltip) An epimerite is the anterior part of a cephaline gregarine that is separated from the rest of the cell by a septum. ; pairs of mature cells ( gamonts (text with tooltip) Gamonts are specialized cells in the apicomplexan lifecycle that differentiate into gametes. The macrogamont changes into the macrogamete (=egg) while the microgamont divides into multiple microgametes (=sperm). ) come together ( syzygy (text with tooltip) Syzygy is the association of gamonts in certain apicomplexans before gamete formation and fusion. ) prior to undergoing gametogony, which produces nearly equal numbers of similar gametes in each gamont (male gamete has a single emergent flagellum); syngamy within gametocyst; generally in a single host (the gut or body cavity of invertebrates).
  • ORDER ARCHIGREGARINORIDA
    • Aseptate gregarines with relatively simple life cycle with 3 multiplications (merogony, gametogeny, sporogeny). Parasites of annelids, sipunculids, hemichordates or ascidians.
    • Selenioides, Meroselenidium, Merogregarina, Exoschizon.
  • ORDER EUGREGARINORIDA
    • Large and variable group most are septate; no merogony but gamentogony and sporogeny occur; usually parasites of annelids and arthropods; mobile by gliding or undulations of longitudinal ridges.
    • Gregarina, Gymnospora, Triseptata, Gamocystis, Anisolobus, Anisoloboides, Garnhamia, Torogregarina, Faucispora, Spinispora, Bolivia, Cirrigregarina, Molluskocystis, Metamera, Siedleckia, Metamera, Didymophys, Hirmocystis, Stenophora, Leidyana, Monoductus, Sphaerocystis, Dactylophorus, Stylocephalus, Actinocephalus, Acanthospora, Menospora, Porospora, Nematopsis, Pachyporospora, Cephaloidophora, Caridohabitans, Rotundula, Cephalobus, Uradiophora, Heliospora, Pyxinoides, Nematoides, Bifilida, Selenidium, Selenocystis, Ditrypanocystis, Heterospora, Digyalum, Cygnicollum, Lecudina, Loxomorpha Polyrhabdina, Ulivina, Sycia, Pontesia, Bhatiella, Viviera, Cochleomeritus, Ancora, Hentschelia, Lecythion, Hyperdion, Zygosoma, Filipodium, Diplauxis, Chlamydocystis, Contoriocorpa, Lankesteria, Monocystella, Ascogregarina, Kofoidina, Ophiodina, Paraophioidina, Lateropromeritus, Extremocystis, Urospora, Ceratospora, Gonospora, Lithocystis, Ceratospora, Pterospora, Paragonospora, Aikinetocystis, Nellocystis, Monocystis, Nematocystis, Rhabdocystis, Apolocystis, Cephalocystis, Trigonepimerus, Mastocystis, Zygocystis, Adelphocystis, Pleurocystis, Rhynchocystis, Dirhynchocystis, Grayallia, Stomatophora, Craterocystis, Astrocystella, Albertisella, Beccaricystis, Parachoanocystoides, Choanocystoides, Zeylanocystis, Arborocystis, Chakravartiella, Oligochaetocystis, Echiurocystis, Neomonocystis, Acarogregarina, Diplocystis, Allanocystis, Schaudinnella, Enterocystis, Ganymedes.
  • ORDER NEOGREGARINORIDA
    • Merogeny present; found in insects.
    • Gigaductus, Caulleryella, Tipulocystis, Machadoella, Lymphtropha, Mattesia, Menzbieria, Farinocystis, Schizocystis, Ophryocystis, Syncystis, Lipotropha.

CLASS COCCIDIDA

• Life cycle typically with merogony, gametogony, and sporogony; mature gamonts small and usually intracellular without mucron or epimerite; usually without syzygy; commonly in vertebrates; some alternate between an arthropod and a vertebrate.
• ORDER AGAMOCOCCIDIORIDA
  • Merogony and gametogony are absent; in marine annelids.
  • Rhytidocystis, Gemmocystis.
• ORDER IXORHEORIDA
  • Gametogony is absent, but has merogony and sporogony.
  • Ixorheis.
• ORDER PROTOCOCCIDIORIDA
  • Merogony absent; in marine invertebrates.
  • Eleutheroschizon, Mackinnonia, Myriosporides, Myriospora, Angeiocystis, Coelotropha, Grellia.
• ORDER EUCOCCIDIORIDA
  • Merogeny present; in vertebrates and/or invertebrates.
  • Adelea, Adelina, Klossia, Chagasella, Ithania, Rasajeyna, Ganapatiella, Gibbsia, Legerella, Klossiella, Heptazoon, Haemogregarina, Cyrilia, Desseria, Karyolysus, Hemolivia, Dactylosoma, Babesiosoma.
  • Spirocystis, Selococcidium, Aggregata, Merocystis, Selysina, Cryptosporidium, Lankesterella, Schellackia, Diaspora, Dorisiella, Caryotropha, Tyzzeria, Pfeiffinella, Matonella, Caryospora, Cyclospora, Dorisa, Isospora, Eimeria, Wenyonella, Barrouxia, Ovivora, Pseudoklossia, Grasseella, Gousseffia, Hoarella, Octosporella, Polysporella, Pythonella, Sivatoshella, Skrjabinella, Calyptospora, Sarcocystis, Frenkelia, Besnoitia, Hammondia, Toxoplasma, Neospora, Elleipsisoma.

CLASS ACONOIDASIDA (?)

• No conoid except in ookinete of some.
• ORDER HAEMOSPORORIDA
  • Macrogamete and microgamete develop separately; no syzygy; with ookinete that has conoid; sporozoites with three walls. Alternates between vertebrate host (in which merogony occurs) and invertebrate host (in which sporogony occurs). Usually blood parasites, transmitted by blood-sucking insects.
  • Plasmodium, Nycteria, Polychromophilus, Dionisia, Mesnilium, Hepatocystis, Rayella, Haemoproteus, Staurocytozoon.
• ORDER PIROPLASMORIDA.
  • Minute rounded or pyriform parasites found within erythrocytes, or other circulating or endothelial cells of vertebrates, where they reproduce by merogony; known vectors are ticks in which they undergo sporogony; without oocysts or spores; apical complex with polar ring and rhopteries but without conoid and usually without associated pellicular microtubules; no flagella; trophozoite stage separated from erythrocyte by single membrane (usually at least 2 in the other groups); sexual reproduction probably occurs in the tick.
  • Babesia, Anthemosoma, Echinozoon, Theileria, Haemohormidium, Sauroplasma, Dactylosoma, Cristalloidophora.