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HIERARCHICAL CLASSIFICATION OF THE PHYLUM BACILLARIOPHYTA

HIERARCHICAL CLASSIFICATION OF THE PHYLUM BACILLARIOPHYTA (HAECKEL 1878)

EUKARYA> CHROMALVEOLATA> HETEROKONTAE> BACILLARIOPHYTA
BACILLARIOPHYTA LINKS

Introduction

Synoptic Description

This is a system based on Medlin and Kaczmarska (2004), Medlin et al. (1997), and Round et al. (1990).
SUBPHYLUM COSCINODISCOPHYTINA

CLASS COSCINODISCOPHYCEAE

The centric diatoms with radial symmetry; sexual reproduction involves spermatozoids with a single, tinsel anterior flagellum and oogonia; mainly plankters, occur singly or in chains. Cells circular, triangular or quadrate, or elongate, usually symmetrical about at least two planes, one of which is the pervalvar plane. Stria pattern radial, orientated about a small boss or ring. Raphe always absent and costae and septa very rare. Rimoportules usually present. Mostly with many small discoid plastids. Sometimes connected into filamentous or zig-zag colonies by spines, pads of mucus or chitin threads.

  • ORDER CHRYSANTHEMODISCALES
    • Chrysanthemodiscaceae: Chrysanthemodiscaceae
  • ORDER MELOSIRALES
    • Melosiraceae: Melosira
    • Stephanopyxidaceae: Stephanopyxis
    • Endictyaceae: Entdictya
    • Hyalodiscaceae: Hyalodiscus, Podosira
  • ORDER PARALIALES
    • Paraliaceae: Paralia, Ellerbeckia
  • ORDER AULACOSEIRALES
    • Aulacoseiraceae: Aulicoseira, Strangulonema
  • ORDER ORTHOSEIRALES
    • Orthoseiraceae: Orthoseira
  • ORDER COSCINODISCALES
    • Coscinodiscaceae: Coscinodiscus, Palmeria, Stellarima, Brightweillia, Craspedodiscus
    • Rocellaceae: Rocella
    • Aulacodiscaceae: Aulacodiscus
    • Gossleriellaceae: Gossleriella
    • Hemidiscaceae: Hemidiscus, Actinocyclus, Azpeitia, Roperia
    • Heliopeltaceae: Actinoptychus, Glorioptychus, Lepidodiscus
  • ORDER ETHMODISCALES
    • Ethmodiscaceae: Ethmodiscus
  • ORDER STICTOCYCLALES
    • Stictocyclaceae: Stictocyclus
  • ORDER ASTEROLAMPRYALES
    • Asteriolampraceae: Asteriolampra, Asteriomphalus
  • ORDER ARACHNOIDISCALES
    • Arachnoidiscaceae: Arachnoidiscus
  • ORDER STICTODISCALES
    • Stictodiscaceae: Stictodiscus

SUBCLASS RHIZOSOLENIOPHYCIDAE

Characterized by many intercalary girdle bands between valves which makes cell many times longer than broad; girdle bands interlock in zigzag or spiral pattern; frustules lightly silicified; chloroplasts small and numerous.

  • ORDER RHIZOSOLENIALES
    • Rhizosoleniaceae: Rhizosolenia, Proboscia, Pseudosolenia, Urosolenia, Guinardia, Dactyliosolen
    • Pyxillaceae: Pyxilla, Gladius, Gyrodiscus, Mastogonia, Purgupyxis
SUBPHYLUM BACILLARIOPHYTINA

CLASS MEDIOPHYCEAE

  • SUBCLASS THALASSIOSIROPHYCIDAE
    • Valves with rimoportulae (a tube that penetrates the valve and fultoportulae (rimoportulae with internal buttresses)
    • ORDER THALLASIOSIRALES
    • Thalassiosiraceae: Thalassiosira, Planktoniella, Porosira, Minidiscus, Bacteriosira (?)
    • Skeletonemataceae: Skeletonema, Detonula
    • Stephanodiscaceae: Stephanodiscus, Cyclotella, Cyclostephanos, Mesodictyon, Pleurocyclus, Stephanocostis
    • Lauderiaceae: Lauderia
  • SUBCLASS BIDDULPHIOPHYCIDAE
    • Usually bilaterally symmetrical but the valve ornamentation is always radial; valve with stout horns or humps; frustules usually longer than wide due to numerous intercalary bands (but not as extensive as in RHIZOSOLENIALES); chloroplasts variable, ranging from one large chloroplast to many small discoid chloroplasts.
    • ORDER TRICERATIALES
      • Triceratiaceae: Triceratium, Odontella, Lampriscus, Sheshukovia, Pseudoauliscus, Eupodiscus, Pleurosira, Amphitetras, Ceratulus, Auliscus
      • Plagiogrammaceae: Plagiogramma, Glyphodesmis, Dimeregramma, Dimeregrammopsis
    • ORDER BIDDULPHIALES
      • Biddulphiaceae: Biddulphia, Biddulphiopsis, Hydrosera, Isthmia, Trigonium, Terpsinoe, Pseudotriceratium
    • ORDER HEMIAULALES
      • Hemiaulaceae: Hemiaulus, Eucampia, Climacodium, Cerataulina, Trinacria, Abas, Briggera, Pseudorutilaria, Keratophora, Kittonia, Strelnikovia, Reidelia, Baxteriopsis, Sphynctolethus, Ailuretta
      • Streptothecaceae: Streptotheca, Neostreptotheca
    • ORDER ANAULALES
      • Anaulaceae: Anaulus, Eunotogramma, Porpeia
  • SUBCLASS LITHODESMIOPHYCIDAE
    • ORDER LITHODESMIALES
      • Lithodesmiaceae: Lithodesmium, Lithodesmoides, Ditylum
  • SUBCLASS CORETHROPHYCIDAE
    • ORDER CORETHRALES
      • Corethraceae: Corethron
  • SUBCLASS CYMATOSIROPHYCIDAE
    • ORDER CYMATOSIRALES
      • Cymatosiraceae: Cymatosira, Campylosira, Plagiogrammopsis, Brockmanniella, Minutocellus, Leyanella, Arcocellulus, Papiliocellulus, Exubocellulus
      • Rutilariaceae: Rutilaria, Sydetocystis
  • SUBCLASS CHAETOCEROTOPHYCIDAE
    • Valve having setae from small depressions
    • ORDER CHAETOCEROTALES
      • Chaetocerotaceae: Chaetoceros, Gonioceros, Bacteriastrum
      • Acanthocerataceae: Acanthoceros
      • Attheyaceae: Attheya
    • ORDER LEPTOCYLINDRALES
      • Leptocylindraceae: Leptocylindrus

CLASS BACILLARIOPHYCEAE

The pennate diatoms

  • SUBCLASS FRAGILARIOPHYCIDAE
    • ORDER FRAGILARIALES
      • Both valves of the frustules with a pseudoraphe; frustules generally long; with or without girdle bands; most with many small chloroplasts; free-floating or sessile; solitary or united into band-like, zigzag or stellate colonies.
      • Fragilariaceae: Fragilaria, Centronella, Asterionella, Staurosirella, Staurosira, Pseudostaurosira, Punctastriata, Fragilariaforma, Martyana, Diatoma, Hannaea, Meridion, Synedra, Ctenophora, Neosynedra, Tabularia, Catacombas, Hyalosynedra, Opephora, Trachysphenia, Thalassioneis, Falcula, Pterncola, Asterionellopsis, Bleakeleya, Podocystis
    • ORDER TABELLARIALES
      • Tabellariaceae: Tabellaria, Tetracyclus, Oxyneis
    • ORDER LICMOPHORALES
      • Licmophoraceae: Licmophora, Licmosphenia
    • ORDER RHAPHONEIDALES
      • Raphoneidaceae: Raphoneis, Diplomenora, Delphineis, Neodelphineis, Perissonoe, Sceptroneis
      • Psammodiscaceae: Ardissonea
    • ORDER ARDISSONEALES
      • Ardissoneaceae: Ardissonea
    • ORDER TOXARIALES
      • Toxariaceae: Toxarium
    • ORDER THALASSIONEMATALES
      • Thalassinemataceae: Thalassioneam, Thalassiothrix, Trichotoxon
    • ORDER RHABDONEMATALES
      • Rhabdonemataceae: Rhabdonema
    • ORDER STRIATELLALES
      • Striatellaceae: Striatella, Microtabella, Grammatophora
    • ORDER CYCLOPHORALES
      • Cyclophoraceae: Cyclophora
      • Entopylaceae: Entopyla, Gephyria
    • ORDER CLIMACOSPHENIALES
      • Climacospheniaceae: Climacosphenia, Synedrosphenia
    • ORDER PROTORAPHIDALES
      • Protoraphidaceae: Protoraphis, Pseudohimantidium
  • SUBCLASS EUNOTIOPHYCIDAE
    • Valves curved; cells with a short (primitive?) true raphe on one or both valves; no costae or internal septa, girdles strongly ornamented, rectangular in girdle view; cells with 2 laminate chloroplasts (text with tooltip) Laminate chloroplasts are long and flat (laminar) in form. ; free-floating or epiphytic; solitary or in clusters.
    • ORDER EUNOTIALES
      • Eunotiaceae: Eunotia, Actinella, Semiorbis, Desmogonium
      • Peroniaceae: Peronia
  • SUBCLASS BACILLARIOPHYCIDAE
    • ORDER LYRELLALES
      • Lyrellaceae: Lyrella, Petroneis
    • ORDER MASTOGLOIALES
      • Mastogloiaceae: Mastogloia, Aneumastus
    • ORDER DICTYONEIDALES
      • Dictyoneidaceae: Dictyoneis
    • ORDER CYMBELLALES
      • Rhoicospheniaceae: Rhoicosphenia, Campylopyxis, Cuneolus, Gomphoseptatum, Gomphonemopsis
      • Anomoeneidaceae: Anomoeoneis, Staurophora
      • Cymbellaceae: Cymbella, Placoneis, Brebissonia, Encyonema, Gomphocymbella
      • Gomphonemataceae: Gomphonema, Didymosphenia, Gomphoneis, Reimeria, Gomphopleura
    • ORDER ACHNANTHALES
      • Cells with true raphe on one valve and a pseudoraphe on the other valve; symmetrical in valve view but curved or otherwise asymmetrical in the girdle view; usually attached by gelatinous stalks; most have a large, single laminate chloroplast.
      • Achnanthaceae: Achnanthes
      • Cocconeidaceae: Cocconeis, Campyloneis, Anorthoneis, Bennettella, Epipellis
    • ORDER NAVICULALES
      • Both valves have a true raphe which is axial on the valve face (not on a keel); mostly solitary and free-floating, few are sessile or stalked; most are symmetrical in all three planes (some are asymmetrical in on plane); most do not have intercalary bands; usually 2 laminate chloroplasts.
      • Berkeleyaceae: Berkeleya, Parlibellus, Climaconeis, Stenoneis
      • Cavinulaceae: Cavinula
      • Cosmeioneidaceae: Cosmioneis
      • Scolioneidaceae: Scolioneis
      • Diadesmidaceae: Diadesmis, Luticola
      • Amphipleuraceae: Amphipleura, Frickia, Frustulia, Cistula
      • Neidiaceae: Neidium
      • Scoliotropidaceae: Scoliotropis, Scoliopleura, Biremis, Progonoia, Diadema
      • Sellaphoraceae: Sellaphora, Fallacia, Rossia, Caponea
      • Pinnulariaceae: Pinnularia, Diatomella, Ostrupia, Dimidiata
      • Phaeodactylaceae: Phaeodactylum
      • Diploneidaceae: Diploneis, Raphidiodiscus
      • Naviculaceae: Navicula, Trachyneis, Pseudogomphonema, Seminavis, Rhoikoneis, Haslea, Cymatoneis
      • Pleurosigmataceae: Pleurosigma, Toxonidea, Donkinia, Gyrosigma, Rhoicosigma
      • Plagiotropidaceae: Plagiotropis, Stauropsis, Pachyneis
      • Stauroneidaceae: Stauroneis, Craticula
      • Proschkiniaceae: Proschkinia
    • ORDER THALASSIOPHYSALES
      • Catenulaceae: Catenula, Amphora, Undatella
      • Thallasiophysaceae: Thalassiophysa
    • ORDER BACILLARIALES
      • Bacillariaceae: Bacillaria, Hantzschia, Psammodictyon, Tryblionella, Cymbellonitzschia, Gomphonitzschia, Gomphotheca, Nitzschia, Denticula, Denticulopsis, Fragilariopsis, Cylindrotheca, Simonsenia, Cymatonitzschia, Perrya
    • ORDER RHOPALODIALES
      • Rhopalodiaceae: Epithemia, Rhopalodia, Protokeelia
    • ORDER SURIRELLALES
      • Both valves are alike and have true raphes, but the raphes are hidden within keels; usually symmetrical in girdle view and often in valve view; cells may have one or two chloroplasts which are laminar.
      • Entomoneidaceae: Entomoneis
      • Auriculaceae: Auricula
      • Surirellaceae: Surirella, Hydrosilicon, Petrodictyon, Plagiodiscus, Stenopterobia, Campylodiscus, Campylopleura
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By Jack R. Holt. Last revised: 02/26/2012
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