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HIERARCHICAL CLASSIFICATION OF THE PHYLUM BICOSOECIDA

HIERARCHICAL CLASSIFICATION OF THE PHYLUM BICOSOECIDA

EUKARYA> CHROMALVEOLATA> HETEROKONTAE> BICOSOECIDA
BICOSOECIDA LINKS

Introduction

Synoptic Description

This system is a modification of Adl et al. (2005), Margulis and Schwartz (1988 and 1998), Kudo (1966), Grell (1976), Dyer (1990), and Karpov (2000).

CLASS BICOSOECIDEA

  • ORDER BICOSOECALES
    • Loricate; solitary to colonial; heterokont and with a feeding collar. Paraxial rod in posterior flagellum.
    • Bicosoeca, Salpingoeca, Diplosigopsis, Histiona, Poteriodendron, Codonoeca, Lagenoeca, Stelexomonas.
  • ORDER CAECITELLALES
    • Cells naked, solitary, flagella heterokont and a feeding collar. No lorica.
    • Caecitellus
  • ORDER PSEUDENDROMONADALES
    • Cells scaly or naked; colonial or solitary; paired whiplash flagella.
    • Adriamonas, Cyathobodo, Pseudendromonas
  • ORDER CAFETERIALES
    • Cells naked, solitary, heterokont flagella but no lorica.
    • Cafeteria, Pseudoboda, Acronema
  • ORDER SILUARIALES
    • Cells very small; one anteriorly-directed flagellum (tinsel flagellum).
    • Siluria
  • ORDER SYMBIOMONADALES
    • A member of the picoplankton; one anteriorly-directed tinsel flagellum. Symbiotic bacteria associated with the nucleus.
    • Symbiomonas

CLASS RICTIDEA

  • Benthic flagellates; with cytostome; 2 unequal flagella; no lorica.
  • Rictus

CLASS PLACIDEA incertae sedis

  • Gliding flagellates with two unequal flagella. Posterior flagellum as an attachment organ; no lorica.
  • Wobblia, Placidia, Pendulomonas
LITERATURE CITED

Baldauf, S. L. 2003a. The deep roots of eukaryotes. Science. 300 (5626): 1701-1703.

Cavalier-Smith, T. 1989. The Kingdom Chromista. In: Green, J.C., B.S.C. Leadbeater, and W.L. Diver, eds. The Chromophyte Algae: Problems and Perspectives. Systematics Association Special Volume No. 38. Clarendon Press. Oxford. pp. 381-407.

Dyer, B. D. 1990b. Bicoecids. In: Margulis, L., J.O. Corliss, M. Melkonian, and D.J. Chapman, eds. 1990. Handbook of the Protoctista; the Structure, Cultivation, Habits and Life Histories of the Eukaryotic Microorganisms and Their Descendants Exclusive of Animals, Plants and Fungi. Jones and Bartlett Publishers. Boston. pp. 191-193.

Grell, K. G. 1973. Protozoology. Springer-Verlag. New York.

Kudo, R.R. 1966. Protozoology. 5th ed. Charles C. Thomas Publisher. Springfield.

Margulis, L. and K. Schwartz. 1988. Five kingdoms, an illustrated guide to the phyla of life on earth. 2nd Edition. W.H. Freeman and Co. New York.

Margulis, L. and K. Schwartz. 1998. Five kingdoms, an illustrated guide to the phyla of life on earth. 3rd Edition. W. H. Freeman and Company. New York.

Patterson, D. J. 1999. The diversity of eukaryotes. American Naturalist. 154 (Suppl.): S96–S124.

Sleigh, M.A., J.D. Dodge and D.J. Patterson. 1984. Kingdom Protista. In: Barnes, R.K.S., ed. A Synoptic Classification of Living Organisms. Sinauer Associates, Inc. Sunderland, Mass.

Sogin, M. L. and D. J. Patterson. 1995. Stramenopiles. Version 01 January 1995 (under construction). http://tolweb.org/Stramenopiles/2380/1995.01.01 In: The Tree of Life Web Project, http://tolweb.org/
By Jack R. Holt. Last revised: 02/26/2012
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