SUBPHYLUM LINGUILIFORMEA

Shell valves, normally of calcium phosphate and chitin, held together solely by muscles; lophophore without a supporting skeleton; gut with an anus; peduncle with muscles and coelomic cavity; body cavity forms schizocoelically (text with tooltip) Schizocoelic (adj.) describes a type of true coelom that develops by the separation of mesoderm tissue. from mesoderm produced enterocoelically.

CLASS LINGULATA (3 ORDERS)

• Dorsal and ventral valves separated; marginal setae continuous; statocysts in larvae and adults.
  • Early Cambrian – Recent
  • Discinida, Discinisca, Discradisca, Pelagodiscus.
  • Glottida, Lingula

CLASS PATERINATA (1 ORDER)+

• Margins without setae.
  • Early Cambrian – Late Orodovician

SUBPHYLUM CRANIIFORMEA

Valves mineralized with calcite; no peduncle; ventral valve cemented to hard substrate.

CLASS CRANIATA (3 ORDERS)

• Early Cambrian – Recent
  • Crania, Craniscus, Neoancistrocrania, Valdiviathyris, Neocrania.

CLASS CHILAEATA (2 ORDERS)+

• Shells inarticulated.
  • Early Cambrian – Permian

CLASS OBOLELLATA (2 ORDERS)+

• Early Cambrian – Middle Cambrian

CLASS KUTORGINATA (1 ORDER)+

• Early Cambrian – Middle Cambrian

CLASS STROPHOMENATA (2 ORDERS)+

• Middle Cambrian – Late Permian

CLASS RHYNCHONELLATA (9 ORDERS)

• Distinctive articulation structures.
  • Early Cambrian – Recent
  • Aulites, Cryptopora, Hemithiris, Pemphixina, Notosaria
  • Compsothyris, Frieleia, Grammetaria, Sphenarina, Abyssorhynchia, Hispanirhynchia, Manithyris, Parasphenarina, Neorhynchia, Tethyrhynchia
  • Acanthobasiliola, Striarina, Basliola, Basilioella, Rhytirhynchia
  • Bouchardia, Fallax, Septicollarina, Laurinia, Ecnomiosa, Kraussina, Megerlia, Megerlina, Pumilus, Frenulina, Jolonica, Pictothrys, Shimodaia, Argyrotheca, Joania, Megathris, Leptothyrella, Phaneropora, Amphithyris, Annuloplatidia, Platidia, Holobrachia, Simplicithrys
  • Cancellothrys, Murravia, Surugathyris, Terebratulina, Agulhasia, Bathynanus, Eucalathis, Melvicalathis, Nanacanathis, Notozyga, Abyssothyris, Acrobelesia, Xenobrochus, Dyscolia, Goniobrochus, Dallithrys, Kanakythryris, Stenosarina, Gryphus, Acrobrochus, Liothyrella, Arctosia, Dolichozygus, Dysedrosia, Erymnia, Tichosina, Zygonaria, Lacazella, Osperyella, Pajaudina, Kakanuiella, Minutella, Thecidellina