HIERARCHICAL CLASSIFICATION OF THE PHYLUM CENTROHELOMONADA (KÜHN 1926)
| EUKARYA> CHROMALVEOLATA> HACROBIAE> CENTROHELOMONADA |
CENTROHELOMONADA LINKS
| This system is a modification of Febvre-Chevalier (1990) and Patterson (1999) as informed by Nikolaev et al. (2004). Three of the orders within the system of Fevre-Chevalier (1990) have been relocated to the Cercozoa. |
CLASS CENTROHELOMONADEA
Not flagellated.
- ORDER AXOPLASTIALES [Placed into Nucleohelea within the Cercozoa by Cavalier-Smith (1993, 1998).]
- Microtubule Organizing Center is centrally-located and the axoplast is spherical.
- Actinocoryne, Actinolophus, Gymnosphaera, Hedraiophrys, Wagnerella.
- ORDER CENTROPLASTIALES
- Microtubule Organizing Center has a centroplast. The central basic microtubule pattern has one distorted hexagon. Some with silicaceous scales (text with tooltip) Protist scales are regular overlapping structures on the outside of the cell. They may be organic, silicaceous, or carbonaceous and may serve as an articulated cell wall. Scales may occur on the cells of a range of unrelated taxa. and/or spicules.
- Acanthocystis, Choanoczstis, Echinocystis, Pseudoraraphidiophrys, Pseudoraphidiocystis, Pterocystis, Polyplacocystis, Cienkowskaya.
- Chlamydaster, Heterophrys, Oxnerella, Sphaerastrum.
- Parasphaerastrum, Polyplacocystis, Raphidiophrys, Raphidiocystis.
CLASS DIMORPHOMONADEA [Placed into Filosa within the Cercozoa by Cavalier-Smith and Chao (2003) and Cavalier-Smith (1998).]
Flagellated. Microtubule Organizing Center is bulky and 3-parted.
- ORDER ENDONUCLEOPLASTIALES
- Microtubule Organizing Center axoplast is surrounded by the nucleus. Two orthogonal flagella.
- Dimorpha.
- ORDER EXONUCLEOAXOPLASTIALES
- Microtubule Organizing Center is a lens-shaped axoplast. outside of the nucleus. Irregular pattern of microtubules. Cells with 4 flagella.
- Tetradimorpha.
| LITERATURE CITED Cavalier-Smith, T. 2003a. Protist phylogeny and the high-level classification of Protozoa. European Journal of Protistology. 39:338-348. Cavalier-Smith, T. and E. E. Chao. 2003c. Molecular phylogeny of centrohelid heliozoan, a novel lineage of bikont eukaryotes that arose by ciliary loss. Journal of Molecular Evolution. 56:387-396. Cavalier-Smith, T. and S. von der Heyden. 2007. Molecular phylogeny, scale evolution and taxonomy of centrohelid heliozoa. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 44: 1186-1203. Febvre-Chevalier, C. 1990. Heliozoa. In: Margulis, L., J. O. Corliss, M. Melkonian, and D. J. Chapman, eds. 1990. Handbook of the Protoctista; the structure, cultivation, habits and life histories of the eukaryotic microorganisms and their descendants exclusive of animals, plants and fungi. Jones and Bartlett Publishers. Boston. pp. 347-362. Grell, K. G. 1973. Protozoology. Springer-Verlag. New York. Kudo, R. R. 1966. Protozoology. 5th ed. Charles C. Thomas Publisher. Springfield. Leonov, M. M. 2009. Heliozoan fauna of waterbodies and watercourses of the Central Russian upland forest-steppe. Inland Water Biology. 2(1): 6-12. Margulis, L. and K. Schwartz. 1998. Five kingdoms, an illustrated guide to the phyla of life on earth. 3rd Edition. W. H. Freeman and Company. New York. Nikolaev, S. I., C. Berney, J. Fahrni, I. Bolivar, S. Polet, A. P. Mylnikov, V. V. Aleshin, N. B. Petrov, and J. Pawlowski. 2004. The twilight of Heliozoa and rise of Rhizaria, an emerging supergroup of amoeboid eukaryotes. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. USA. 101(21): 8066-8071. Patterson, D. J. 1999. The diversity of eukaryotes. American Naturalist. 154 (Suppl.): S96–S124. Smith, R. M. and D. J. Patterson. 1986. Analyses of heliozoan interrelationships: an example of the potentials and limitations of ultrastructural approaches to the study of protistan phylogeny. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. B. 227:325-266. Wujek, D. E. 2003. Freshwater Heliozoa (Protista, Heliozoa) from Indiana. Proceedings of the Indiana Academy of Science. 112(2): 169-174. |
| By Jack R. Holt. Last revised: 03/04/2013 |
