HIERARCHICAL CLASSIFICATION OF THE PHYLUM CHOANOFLAGELLATA
| EUKARYA>UNIKONTA>OPISTHOKONTA>ANIMALIA>CHOANOZOA>CHOANOFLAGELLATA |
PHYLUM CHOANOFLAGELLATA LINKS
| This system is a modification of Lee et al. (1985) who also consider the choanoflagellates to be a natural group within the Zoomastigophora. We have elevated their Class Choanomastigotes to phylum-level status (Phylum Choanoflagellata) with a single class (Class Choanoflagellida). Within that system, we have used the divisions of Adl et al. (2005). |
- ORDER MONOSIGIDA. Unicellular or colonial; all cells naked, without visible lorica or periplast.
- Codosiga, Monosiga, Sphaeroeca.
- ORDER SALPINGOECIDA. Unicellular to colonial with a clearly-visible cellulosic lorica (theca) or periplast.
- Desmarella, Proterospongia, Salpingoeca, Choanoeca, Pachysoeca.
- ORDER ACANTHOECIDA. Unicellular or colonial; planktonic or attached; each cell with a basket-like lorica of silicaceous microvillae (=costae), each of which is made of rod like costal strips
- Acanthoeca, Bicosta, Acanthoecopsis, Diplotheca, Pleurosiga, Stephanoeca, Saepicula.
| LITERATURE CITED Adl, S. M., A. G. B. Simpson, M. A. Farmer, R. A. Andersen, O. R. Anderson, J. R. Barta, S. S. Bowser, G. Brugerolle, R. A. Fensome, S. Fredericq, T. Y. James, S. Karpov, P. Kugrens, J. Krug, C. E. Lane, L. A. Lewis, J. Lodge, D. H. Lynn, D. G. Mann, R. M. McCourt, L. Mendoza, O. Moestrup, S. E. Mozley-Standridge, T. A. Nerad, C. A. Shearer, A. V. Smirnov, F. W. Spiegel, and M. F. J. R. Taylor. 2005. The new higher level classification of eukaryotes with emphasis on the taxonomy of protists. Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology. 52(5):399-451. [3,L] Barnes. R. S. K. 1984a. Kingdom Animalia. IN: R. S. K. Barnes, ed. A Synoptic Classification of Living Organisms. Sinauer Associates, Inc., Sunderland, MA. pp. 129-257. Brusca, R. C. and G. J. Brusca. 2003. Invertebrates. 2nd Edition. Sinauer Associates. Sunderland, MA. [C,L] Buck, K. R. 1990. Choanomastigotes (choanoflagellates). In: Margulis, L., J.O. Corliss, M. Melkonian, and D.J. Chapman, eds. 1990. Handbook of the Protoctista; the Structure, Cultivation, Habits and Life Histories of the Eukaryotic Microorganisms and Their Descendants Exclusive of Animals, Plants and Fungi. Jones and Bartlett Publishers. Boston. pp. 194-199. [L] Cavalier-Smith, T. and E. E. Chao. 1997. Sarcomonad ribosomal RNA sequences, rhizopod phylogeny, and the origin of euglyphid amoebae. Archiv fur Protistenkunde. 147: 227-236. Cavalier-Smith, T., M. T. E. P. Allsopp, E. E. Chao, N. Boury-Esnault, and J. Vacelet. 1996a. Sponge phylogeny, animal monophyly, and the origin of the nervous system: 18S rRNA evidence. Canadian Journal of Zoology 74:2031-2045. [L] Lee, J. J., S. H. Hunter, and E. C. Bovee, eds. 1985. An Illustrated Guide to the Protozoa. Society of Protozoologists. Lawrence, Kansas. Lee, R. E. 1980. Phycology. Cambridge University Press. Cambridge. [C,L] Margulis, L. and K. Schwartz. 1988. Five kingdoms, an illustrated guide to the phyla of life on earth. 2nd Edition. W.H. Freeman and Co. New York. [C] Margulis, L. and K. Schwartz. 1998. Five kingdoms, an illustrated guide to the phyla of life on earth. 3rd Edition. W. H. Freeman and Company. New York. [C] Metschnikoff, E. 1886. Embryologische Studien an Medusen : Ein Beitrag zur Genealogie der Primitive Organe. Atlas Figures 1-12. Alfred Hölder. Vienna. pp. 45-71. Nielsen, C. 1995. Animal Evolution: Interrelationships of the Living Phyla. 1st Edition. Oxford University Press. Oxford. Snell, E.A., R.F. Furlong, and P.W.H. Holland. 2001. Hsp70 sequences indicate that choanoflagellates are closely related to animals. Current Biology. 11: 967-970. Sze, P. 1986. A Biology of the Algae. Wm. C. Brown Publishers. Dubuque, Iowa. [C,L] Taylor, F. J. R. 1976. Flagellate Phylogeny: A Study in Conflicts. Journal of Protozoology. 23(1):28-40. [C,L] Tudge, C. 2000. The Variety of Life, A Survey and a Celebration of all the Creatures That Have Ever Lived. Oxford University Press. New York. Wainright, P. O., G. Hinkle, M. L. Sogin, and S. K. Stickel. 1993. Monophyletic origins of the Metazoa: an evolutionary link with Fungi. Science. 260: 340-342. |
| By Jack R. Holt and Carlos A. Iudica. Last revised: 01/26/2010 |
