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HIERARCHICAL CLASSIFICATION OF THE PHYLUM CRENARCHAEOTA

HIERARCHICAL CLASSIFICATION OF THE PHYLUM CRENARCHAEOTA

ARCHAEA> CRENARCHAEA> CRENARCHAEOTA
PHYLUM CRENARCHAEOTA LINKS

Description of Phylum

Synoptic Description

We removed the thermoacidobacteria and other taxa like Archaeoglobus from this kingdom after Garrity et al. (2001 and 2003). In general, this system follows that of Garrity et al. (2001 and 2003) in which the phylum has a single class with three orders.
  • CLASS THERMOPROTEI
    • ORDER THERMOPROTEALES
      • Rods (text with tooltip) A rod is an elongate cell form such that it has distinct ends (called poles). and filaments, less than a micrometer wide but up to 100 micrometers long. Often with irregular, swollen protuberances on the cell surfaces. Growth maxima at temperatures between 75 and 100C; and pH between 4.5 and 7.
      • Thermoproteus, Caldivirga, Pyrobaculum, Thermocladium, Thermofilum.
    • ORDER DESULFUROCOCCALES
      • Discoid or spherical (coccoid) (text with tooltip) A coccus (cocci, pl.) is a spherical cell form. cells (0.3 to 2.5 micrometers). Growth maxima at temperatures above 85C and pH between 4.5 and 7.
      • Desulfurococcus, Aeropyrum, Ignicoccus, Staphylothermus, Stetteria, Sulfobococcus, Thermodiscus, Thermosphaera, Hyperthermus, Pyrobolus.
    • ORDER SULFOLOBALES
      • Cells coccoid or lobed, 0.8 to 2 micrometers in diameter. Growth maxima at temperatures between 60 and 90C and pH between 2 and 4.5.
      • Sulfolobus, Acidianus, Metallosphaera, Stygiolobus, Sulfurisphaera, Sulfurococcus.
LITERATURE CITED

Black, J. G. 2002. Microbiology, Principles and Explorations. 5th ed. John Wiley and Sons, Inc. New York.
Gao, B. and R. S. Gupta. 2007. Phylogenetic analysis of proteins that are distinctive of Archaea and its main subgroups and the origin of methanogenesis. BMC Genomics. 8:86. http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2164/8/86.

Garrity, G. M., M. Winters, and D. Searles. 2001. Bergey’s manual of systematic bacteriology. 2nd ed. Springer-Verlag. New York.

Garrity, G. M., J. A. Bell, and T. G. Lilburn. 2003. Taxonomic Outline of the Prokaryotes. Bergey’s Manual of Systematic Bacteriology. 2nd edition. Release 4.0. Springer-Verlag. New York. pp. 1-397.

Margulis, L. and K. Schwartz. 1988. Five kingdoms, an illustrated guide to the phyla of life on earth. 2nd Edition. W. H. Freeman and Co. New York.

Margulis, L. and K. Schwartz. 1998. Five kingdoms, an illustrated guide to the phyla of life on earth. 3rd Edition. W. H. Freeman and Co. New York.

Woese, C. R. and G. E. Fox. 1977. Phylogenetic structure of the prokaryotic domain: the primary kingdoms. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA. 74:5088-5090.

Woese, C. R., O. Kandler, and M. L. Wheelis. 1990. Towards a natural system of organisms: Proposal for the domains Archaea, Bacteria, and Eucarya. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 87: 4576-4579.
By Jack R. Holt. Last revised: 02/10/2010
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