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HIERARCHICAL CLASSIFICATION OF THE PHYLUM EUGLENOIDA

HIERARCHICAL CLASSIFICATION OF THE PHYLUM EUGLENOIDA

EUKARYA> EXCAVATA> DISCICRISTATAE> EUGLENOIDA
EUGLENOIDA LINKS

Introduction

Synoptic Description

This system is a modification of Margulis and Schwartz (1988), Van den Hoek et al. (1995), Walne and Kivic (1990), and Cavalier-Smith (2003).

CLASS EUGLENOIDEA 1 class with 6 orders.

  • ORDER RHABDOMONADALES
    • One emergent flagellum; not photosynthetic, saprobic; pellicle rigid; no eyespot; paramylon and starch.
    • Rhabdomonas, Rhabdospira, Gyropaigne, Menoidium, Parmidium.
  • ORDER HETERONEMATALES (PERANEMIDA)
    • With 1-2 emergent flagella, always with 1 directed anteriorly, held rigidly with tip moving as the cell creeps or swims, second flagellum difficult to see but directed posteriorly along side of cell; no photosynthesis, phagotrophic, ingestion organelle in reservoir; pellicle flexible.
    • Peranema, Heteronema, Peranemopsis, Urceolus, Dinema, Entosiphon.
  • ORDER EUGLENALES
    • One emergent flagella, directed anteriorly; most are photosynthetic, some saprobic; usually pellicle very flexible; paramylon.
    • Euglena, Ascoglena, Astasia, Khawkinea, Euglenopsis, Cyclidiopsis, Colacium, Hyalophacus, Klebsiella, Lepocinclis, Phacus, Strombomonas, Trachelomonas.

INCERTAE SEDIS:

  • ORDER EUGLENAMORPHIDA
    • With three emergent flagella, all with a basal swelling; some are parasitic or commensal found in the colon of tadpoles. Some are photosynthetic with small discoid chloroplasts and no pyrenoids.
    • Euglenamorpha, Hegneria.
  • ORDER SPHENOMONADALES
    • With 1-2 emergent flagella, 1 directed anteriorly and held rigidly, second flagellum much shorter and directed laterally; no photosynthesis, saprobic or phagotrophic; pellicle rigid.
    • Sphenomonas, Atractomonas, Calycimonas, Petalomonas, Tropidoscyphus, Notosolenus, Anisonema.
  • ORDER EUTREPTIALES (DISTIGMIDA)
    • Two emergent flagella, 1 directed forward, the other backward, both beat actively; flagellar swelling on lateral or backward flagellum; some are photosynthetic others saprobic, never phagotrophic; pellicle flexible; paramylon.
    • Distigma, Eutreptia, Eutreptiella, Distigmopsis.
LITERATURE CITED

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Busse, I. and A. Preisfeld. 2003. Systematics of primary osmotrophic euglenids: a molecular approach to the phylogeny of Distigma and Astasia (Euglenozoa). International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology. 53: 617-624.

Cavalier-Smith, T. 2003a. Protist phylogeny and the high-level classification of Protozoa. European Journal of Protistology. 39:338-348.

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Walne, P. L. and P. A. Kivic. 1990. Euglenida. In: Margulis, L., J.O. Corliss, M. Melkonian, and D.J. Chapman, eds. 1990. Handbook of the Protoctista; the structure, cultivation, habits and life histories of the eukaryotic microorganisms and their descendants exclusive of animals, plants and fungi. Jones and Bartlett Publishers. Boston. pp. 270-287.

Wenrich, D. H. 1924. Studies on Euglenamorpha hegneri n. g., n. sp., a euglenoid flagellate found in tadpoles. The Biological Bulletin. 47(3): 149-175.
By Jack R. Holt. Last revised: 02/18/2010
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