Skip to content

HIERARCHICAL CLASSIFICATION OF THE PHYLUM HAPTOMONADA

HIERARCHICAL CLASSIFICATION OF THE PHYLUM HAPTOMONADA

EUKARYA> CHROMALVEOLATA> HACROBIAE> HAPTOMONADA
HAPTOMONADA LINKS

Introduction

Synoptic Description

This system is based on Green et al. (1990), Margulis and Schwartz (1988, Pr-5 and 1998, Pr-10) and Sleigh et al. (1985).

CLASS PRYMNESIOMONADEA

Cells within this class have equal flagella which are whiplash. This class has 3 orders.

  • ORDER ISOCHRYSIALES
    • Haptonema rudimentary or very small; cell naked, lacks scales.
    • Isochrysis, Emiliania, Ochrosphaera, Imantonia, Dicriteria, Gephryocapsa.
  • ORDER COCCOLITHALES (COCCOSPHAERALES)
    • Haptonema much reduced; cells normally covered with scales, some delicate and organic, others calcareous (coccoliths); some with very complex life history involving benthic phases.
    • Coccolithus (Crystallolithus), Syracosphaera, Calciosolenia, Hymenomonas, Pontospharea, Discosphaera.
  • ORDER PRYMNESIALES
    • Haptonema distinct, may be covered with elaborate organic scales.
    • Prymnesium, Chrysochromulina.

CLASS PAVLOVOLOMONADEA

Flagella unequal, ventrally or subapically inserted; one or both with hairs; eyespot within the chloroplast, some have a flagellar swelling associated with the eyespot; paramylon.

  • ORDER PAVLOVIALES
    • Pavlova.
LITERATURE CITED

Baldauf, S. L. 2003a. The deep roots of eukaryotes. Science. 300 (5626): 1701-1703.

Billard, C. and I Inouye. 2004. What is new in coccolithophore biology? In: Thierstein, H. R. and J. R. Yound, eds. Molecular Processes to Global Impact. Springer Verlag, Berlin. pp. 1-29.

Bold, H. C. and M. J. Wynne. 1985. Introduction to the Algae. 2nd Edition. Prentice-Hall, Inc. Englewood Cliffs. NJ. [Bold and Wynne (1985).

Burki, F., K. Shalchian-Tabrizi, M. Minge, A. Skaeveland, S. I. Nikolaev, K. S. Jakobsen, and J. Pawlowski. 2007. Phylogenomics reshuffles the eukaryotic supergroups. PLoS ONE. 8:790-795.

Burki, F., Y. Inagaki, J. Brate, J. M. Archibald, P. J. Keeling, T. Cavalier-Smith, M. Sakaguchi, T. Hashimoto, A. Horak, S. Kumar, D. Klaveness, K. S. Jakobsen, J. Pawlonski, and K. Shalchian-Tabrizi. 2009. Large-scale phylogenomic analyses reveal thet two enigmatic protist lineages, Telonemia and Centroheliozoa, are related to photosynthetic chromalveolates. Genome. Biol. Evol. 1(1): 231-238.

Dodge, J. D. 1973. The fine structure of algal cells. Academic Press. New York.

Frada, M., I. Probert, M. J. Allen, W. H. Wilson, and C. de Vargas. 2008. The “Cheshire Cat” escape strategy of the coccolithophore Emiliania huxleyi in response to viral infection. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 105(41): 15944-15949.

Green, J. C., P. A. Course, and G. A. Tarran. The life-cycle of Emiliania huxleyi: A brief review and a study of relative ploidy levels analysed by flow cytometry. Journal of Marine Systems. 9: 33-44.

Green, J. C., K. Perch-Nielsen, and P. Westbroek. 1990. Prymnesiophyta. In: Margulis, L., J.O. Corliss, M. Melkonian, and D.J. Chapman, eds. 1990. Handbook of the Protoctista; the structure, cultivation, habits and life histories of the eukaryotic microorganisms and their descendants exclusive of animals, plants and fungi. Jones and Bartlett Publishers. Boston. pp. 293-317.

Grell, K. G. 1973. Protozoology. Springer-Verlag. New York.

Hackett, J. D., H. S. Yoon, S. Li, A. Reyes-Prieto, S. E. Rummele, and D. Bhattacharya. 2007. Phylogenomic analysis supports the monoplyly of Cryptophytes and Haptophytes and the association of Rhizaria with Chromalveolates. Molecular Biology and Evolution. 24(8): 1702-1713.

Hibberd, D. J. 1980. Prymnesiophytes (=haptophytes). In: Cox, E.R., ed. Phytoflagellates. Elsevier/ North-Holland. New York. Pp. 313-317.Hibberd (1980).

Kudo, R.R. 1966. Protozoology. 5th ed. Charles C. Thomas Publisher. Springfield.

Laguna, R., J. Romo, B. A. Read, and T. M. Wahlund. 2001. Induction of phase variation in the lifecycle of the marine coccolithophorid Emiliania huxleyi. Applied and Environmental Microbioloogy. 67(9): 3824-3831.

Lee, R. E. 1980. Phycology. Cambridge University Press. Cambridge.

Lee, J. J., S. H. Hunter, and E. C. Bovee, eds. 1985. An Illustrated Guide to the Protozoa. Society of Protozoologists. Lawrence, Kansas.

Lovelock, J. 1991. Scientists on Gaia. MIT Press. Cambridge, Mass.

Margulis, L. and K. Schwartz. 1988. Five kingdoms, an illustrated guide to the phyla of life on earth. 2nd Edition. W.H. Freeman and Co. New York.

Margulis, L. and K. Schwartz. 1998. Five kingdoms, an illustrated guide to the phyla of life on earth. 3rd Edition. W. H. Freeman and Company. New York.

Morin, P. J. 2008. Sex as an algal antiviral strategy. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 105(41): 15639-15640.

Okamoto, N., C. Chantangsi, A. Horak, B. S. Leander, and P. J. Keeling. 2009. Molecular phylogeny and description of the novel katablepharid Roombia truncata gen. et sp. nov., and establishment of the Hacrobia taxon nov. PLoS One 4(9):e7080.

Patterson, D. J. 1999. The diversity of eukaryotes. American Naturalist. 154 (Suppl.): S96–S124.

Sleigh, M.A., J.D. Dodge and D.J. Patterson. 1984. Kingdom Protista. In: Barnes, R.K.S., ed. A Synoptic Classification of Living Organisms. Sinauer Associates, Inc. Sunderland, Mass.

Sze, P. 1986. A Biology of the Algae. Wm. C. Brown Publishers. Dubuque, Iowa.

Taylor, F. J. R. 1976. Flagellate Phylogeny: A Study in Conflicts. J. Protozoology. 23: 28-40.
By Jack R. Holt. Last revised: 03/03/2013
Print Friendly, PDF & Email

Document Footer

Skip to toolbar