HIERARCHICAL CLASSIFICATION OF THE PHYLUM HETEROLOBOSA (PAGE AND BLANTON 1985)
| EUKARYA> EXCAVATA> DISCICRISTATAE> HETEROLOBOSA |
HETEROLOBOSA LINKS
| This system is a modification of Dyer (1990), Margulis and Schwartz (1998), Cavalier-Smith (2003), and Brugerolle and Simpson (2004). Panek et al. (2011) indicate that the Schizopyrenida should be separated into at least three higher taxa and the incorporation of the Pseudociliata into a group with Percolomanida. |
CLASS HETEROLOBOSEA
Mainly aerobic; 4 (or 2) flagella, sometimes with hydrogenosomes (text with tooltip) Hydrogenosomes are symbiotic bacteria or organelles that generate hydrogen as a kind of anaerobic mitochondrion. . Nucleus attached by fibers (a rhizoplast) to the 4 basal bodies.
- ORDER SCHIZOPYRENIDA [Panek et al. (2011) demonstrates that this order emerges as at least three independent clades within the Heterolobosea.]
- More than one flagellum when motile; pseudopodia lobose (text with tooltip) Lobose (adj.) usually refers to the rounded shape of certain pseudopods. .
- Adelphamoeba, Heteramoeba, Naegleria, Paratertrmitus, Paravahlkampfia, Protonaeglaria, Tetramitus, Vahlkampfia.
- ORDER ACRASIDA.
- Uninucleate amoebae with lobose pseudopodia which may aggregate and develop a fruiting body extending from the substrate and within which many individual amoebae may encyst. One species with a flagellated stage.
- Acrasis, Guttulina, Guttulinopsis, Pocheina, Fonticula.
- ORDER LYROMONADIDA
- Cells without mitochondria; hydrogenosomes present.
- Lyromonas, Psalteriomonas, Harpagon, Sawyeria, Monopylocystis, Pseudoharpagon
- ORDER PERCOLOMONADIDA
- Motile cells that never produce amoeboid stages. Mitochondria may have flat, discoid, or no cristae.
- Percolomonas.
| LITERATURE CITED Brugerolle, G., and A. G. B. Simpson. 2004. The flagellar apparatus of heteroloboseans. Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology. 51(1): 96-107. Cavalier-Smith, T. 2003a. Protist phylogeny and the high-level classification of Protozoa. European Journal of Protistology. 39:338-348. Dyer, B.D. 1990a. Amoebomastigota. In: Margulis, L., J.O. Corliss, M. Melkonian, and D.J. Chapman, eds. 1990. Handbook of the Protoctista; the Structure, Cultivation, Habits and Life Histories of the Eukaryotic Microorganisms and Their Descendants Exclusive of Animals, Plants and Fungi. Jones and Bartlett Publishers. Boston. pp. 186-190. Grell, K. G. 1973. Protozoology. Springer-Verlag. New York. Kudo, R.R. 1966. Protozoology. 5th ed. Charles C. Thomas Publisher. Springfield. Lee, J. J., S. H. Hunter, and E. C. Bovee, eds. 1985. An Illustrated Guide to the Protozoa. Society of Protozoologists. Lawrence, Kansas. Margulis, L. and K. Schwartz. 1988. Five kingdoms, an illustrated guide to the phyla of life on earth. 2nd Edition. W.H. Freeman and Co. New York. Margulis, L. and K. Schwartz. 1998. Five kingdoms, an illustrated guide to the phyla of life on earth. 3rd Edition. W. H. Freeman and Company. New York. Nikolaev, S.I., C. Berney, J. Fahrni, I. Bolivar, S. Polet, A.P. Mylnikov, V.V. Aleshin, N.B. Petrov, and J. Pawlowski. 2004. The twilight of Heliozoa and rise of Rhizaria, an emerging supergroup of amoeboid eukaryotes. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. USA. 101(21): 8066-8071. Patterson, D. J. 1999. The diversity of eukaryotes. American Naturalist. 154 (Suppl.): S96–S124. Sleigh, M.A., J.D. Dodge and D.J. Patterson. 1984. Kingdom Protista. In: Barnes, R.K.S., ed. A Synoptic Classification of Living Organisms. Sinauer Associates, Inc. Sunderland , Mass. |
| By Jack R. Holt. Last revised: 02/15/2012 |
