CLASS HAPLOMITRIOPSIDA

The plants are moss-like with gametophore axes bearing leaves that are not similar to those of the leafy liverworts. Also, the leaves tend to be relatively massive. That is, they are made of multiple cell layers, at least at the base. The gametophore stems also tend to be mucilaginous. The antheridia and archaegonia are not clearly differentiated from the surrounding vegetative tissue. The sporophyte is robust, and the capsule opens along four lines of dehiscence.

• SUBCLASS TREUBIIDAE (1 Order)
  • Plants with gametophore which is leafy and prostrate. The leaves are lobed, two-ranked, and generally unistratose (1-layered); however, they are multi stratose at the leaf base which is very wide and becomes confluent with the stem. The stem has scattered rhizoids. Capsules are egg-shaped and multistratose.
  • ORDER TREUBIALES (1 Family)
    • Treubia, Apotreubia

• SUBCLASS HAPLOMITRIIDAE (1 Order)
  • Gametophores are moss-like and erect, “leaves” radial; rhizomatous system extensive. Spore germinates to produce a multicellular mass which becomes rhizomatous with a central conducting strand; rhizoids absent. Archaegonial shoot with indeterminate growth (that is, sex organs occur laterally on the “leafy” axis which sometimes has a central conducting strand. “Leaves” in three ranks and unlobed. Archegonia on massive stalk; capsule opens via 4 long slits.
  • ORDER CALOBRYALES (1 Family)
    • Haplomitrium

CLASS MARCHANTIOPSIDA

The gametophytes of these plants tend to be thallose. The sporophytes are simple; capsules usually not dehiscing along predetermined lines (except in the Monocleales). 2 Subclasses and 4 orders.

• SUBCLASS BLASIIDAE (1 Order)
  • Plants in this subclass show little dorsiventral differentiation. Plants rarely fertile, often in symbiotic relationship with cyanobacteria. Bottle-like structures bear gemmae.
  • ORDER BLASIALES (1 Family)
    • Blasia, Cavicularia

• SUBCLASS MARCHANTIIDAE (4 Orders)
  • Gametophyte thalloid with dichotomous branching of the thallus; usually pronounced dorsiventral differentiation. 3 orders.
  • ORDER SPHAEROCARPALES (2 Families)
    • Plants range from aquatic environments to deserts. The gametophyte is a single cell layer or a bottle around the archaegonia and antheridia. The capsule has no elaters but does have other structures called nurse cells.
    • Sphaerocarpos, Geothallus
    • Riella
  • ORDER NEOHODGSONIALES (1 Family)
    • Thallus with compound air pores.
    • Neohodgsonia
  • ORDER LUNULARIALES (1 Family)
    • Thallus with simple air pores; gemmae cups crescent-shaped.
    • Lunularia
  • ORDER MARCHANTIALES (15 Families)
    • Thallus variable; generally prostrate with upright gametophores.
    • Marchantia, Bucegia, Preissia
    • Asterella, Cryptomitrium, Mannia, Plagiochasma, Reboulia
    • Athalamia, Peltolepis, Sauteria
    • Monoselenium
    • Conocephalum
    • Cyathodium
    • Aitchisoniella, Exormotheca, Stephensoniella
    • Cronisia, Corsinia
    • Monocarpus
    • Oxymitra
    • Riccia, Ricciocarpos
    • Wiesnerella
    • Targionia
    • Monoclea
    • Dumortiera

CLASS JUNGERMANNIOPSIDA (3 Subclasses)

The gametophytes of these plants tend to be “leafy” and usually have complex sporophytes whose capsules dehisce along predetermined lines. The sporophytes are complex and have elongated setae.

• SUBCLASS PELLIIDAE (3 Orders)
  • Thalloid; no air chambers.
  • ORDER PELLIALES (1 Family)
    • Capsules spherical; dehisce by 4 valves.
    • Pellia, Noteroclada
  • ORDER FOSSOMBRONIALES (5 Families)
    • Many are thallose and highly branched. Capsules spherical, irregular dehiscence.
    • Calycularia
    • Makinoa
    • Petalophyllum, Sewardiella
    • Allisonia
    • Fossombronia [Austrofossombronia]
  • ORDER PALLAVICINIALES (5 Families)
    • Capsules open with 2 or 4 valves, each of which spits further during dehiscence.
    • Phyllothalia
    • Sandeothallus
    • Moerckia, Hattorianthus
    • Hymenophyton
    • Greeneothallus, Jensenia, Pallavicinia, Podomitrium, Seppeltia, Symphyogyna, Symphyogynopsis, Xenothallus

• SUBCLASS METZGERIIDAE (2 Orders)
  • Plants thalloid; no air chambers. Capsule dehisces by four slits.
  • ORDER PLEUROZIALES (1 Family)
    • The “leaves” are modified to make a water sac.
    • Pleurozia, Eopleurozia
  • ORDER METZGERIALES (3 Families)
    • Gametophyte ranges from thallose to leafy; seta very long; capsule dehisces by a variable number of long slits.
    • Metzgeria [includes Apometzgeria, Austrometzgeria], Steereella, Vandiemenia
    • Verdoornia, Aneura, Lobatiriccardia, Riccardia
    • Mizutania

• SUBCLASS JUNGERMANNIIDAE (3 Orders)
  • “Leaves” well-developed. 5 orders.
  • ORDER PORELLALES (7 Families)
    • Lower fold of the “leaves” sac-like. Amphigastrea quite distinct.
    • Ascidiota, Porella [Macvicaria]
    • Geobeliella
    • Gackstroemia, Jubulopsis, Lepidogyna, Lepidolaena
    • Radula
    • Frullania [Amphijubula, Neohattoria, Schusterella, Steerea]
    • Jubula, Nipponolejeunea
    • Acanthocoleus, Acantholejeunea, Acrolejeunea, Anoplolejeunea, Aphanotropis, Archilejeunea, Aureolejeunea, Austrolejeunea [Nephelolejeunea], Blepharolejeunea, Brachiolejeunea, Bromeliophila, Bryopteris, Calatholejeunea, Caudalejeunea, Cephalantholejeunea, Cephalolejeunea, Ceratolejeunea, Cheilolejeunea [Cyrtolejeunea], Chondriolejeunia, Cladolejeunea, Cololejeunea [Aphanolejeunea, Metzgeriopsis], Colura, Cyclolejeunea, Cystolejeunea, Dactylophorella, Dendrolejeunea, Dicranolejeunea, Diplasiolejeunea, Drepanolejeunea [Capillolejeunea, Rhaphidolejeunea], Echinolejeunea, Evansiolejeunea, Frullanoides, Fulfordianthus, Haplolejeunea, Harpalejeunea, Hattoriolejeunea, Kymatolejeunea, Leiolejeunea, Lejeunea [Amphilejeunea, Crossotolejeunea, Dactylolejeunea, Dicladolejeunea, , Echinocolea, Macrolejeunea, Neopotamolejeunea, Taxilejeunea], Lepidolejeunea, Leptolejeunea, Leucolejeunea, Lindigianthus, Lopholejeunea, Luteolejeunea, Macrocolura, Marchesinia, Mastigolejeunea, Metalejeunea, Microlejeunea, Myriocolea, Myriocoleopsis, Neurolejeunea, , Odontolejeunea, Omphalanthus, Oryzolejeunea, Otolejeunea, Phaeolejeunea, Physantholejeunea, Pictolejeunea, Pluvianthus, Prionolejeunea, Ptychanthus, Pycnolejeunea, Rectolejeunea, Schiffneriolejeunea, Schusterolejeunea, Siphonolejeunea, Sphaerolejeunea, Spruceanthus, Stenolejeunea, Stictolejeunea, Symbiezidium, , Thysananthus, Trachylejeunea [Potamolejeunea], Trocholejeunea, Tuyamaella, Tuzibeanthus, Verdoornianthus, Vitalianthus, Xylolejeunea.
  • ORDER PTILIDIALES (3 Families)
    • Leaves 3-lobed; plants pinnate to bipinnate; sport wall thick (4-7 cell layers).
    • Ptilidium
    • Neotrichocolea, Trichocoleopsis
    • Herzogianthus
  • ORDER JUNGERMANNIALES (35 Families)
    • Some produce short, filamentous protomenata. Most are “leafy” with bilobed leaf-like structures; the “leaves” are spirally arranged on the stem (usually in three rows) with 2 rows of lateral leaves and one row of under leaves or amphgastrea. Archaegonia stalked and at the tip of the stem; antheridia in the axils of the “leaves.” Sporophytes with very long setae and capsules which split along 4 long lines of dehiscence.
    • Perssoniella
    • Gottschea [Paraschistochila], Pachyschistochila, Pleurocladopsis, Schistochila
    • Archaeophylla, Blepharostoma, Chaetocolea, Herzogiaria, Isophyllaria, Pseudolepicolea [Lophochaete], Temnoma
    • Castanoclobus, Eotricholea, Leiomitra, Trichocolea
    • Grollea
    • Dendromastigophora, Mastigophora
    • Herbertus, Olgantha, Triandrophyllum
    • Vetaforma
    • Lepicolea
    • Phycolepidozia
    • Acromastigum, Amazoopsis, Arachniopsis, Bazzania, Chloranthelia, Dendrobazzania, Drucella, Hyalolepidozia, Hygrolembidium, Isolembidium, Kurzia, Lembidium, Lepidozia, Megalembidium, Micropterygium, Monodactylopsis, Mytilopsis, Neogrollea, Odontoseries, Paracromastigum, Protocephalozia, Pseudocephalozia, Psiloclada, Pteropsiella, Telaranea, Zoopsidella, Zoopsis.
    • Amphilophocolea, Chiloscyphus, Clasmatocolea, Conoscyphys, Evansianthus, Geocalyx, Harpanthus, Hepatostolonophora, Heteroscyphus [Tetracymbaliella], Lamellocolea, Leptophyllopsis, Leptoscyphopsis, Leptoscyphus, Lophocolea, Pachyglossa, Pedinophyllopsis, Perdusenia, Physotheca, Pigafettoa, Platycaulis, Pseudolophocolea, Stolonivector, Xenocephalozia
    • Brevianthus
    • Chonecolea
    • Acrochila, Chiastocaulon, Dinckleria Pedinophyllopsis, Pedinophyllum, Plagiochila [Steereochila, Szweykowskia], Plagiochilidium, Plagiochilion, Xenochila
    • Adelanthus, Clayptrocolea, Wettsteinia
    • Anomacaulis, Cryptochila, Cuspidatula, Denotarisia, Jamesoniella, Nothostrepta, Pisanoa, Protosyzygiella, Roivainenia, Syzygiella, Vanaea
    • Alobiella, Alobiellopsis, Alobiellopsis, Anomoclada, Cephalozia, Cladopodiella, Fuscocephaloziopsis, Haesselia, Hygrobiella, Iwatsukia, Metahygrobiella, Nowellia, Odontoschisma, Pleurocladula, Schiffneria, Schofieldia, Trabacellula
    • Allisoniella [Protomarsupiella], Amphicephalozia, Cephalojonesia, Cephaloziella, Cephaloziopsis, Cylindrocolea, Gymnocoleopsis, Kymatocalyx [Stenorrhipis]
    • Anastrepta, Anastrophyllum, Andrewsianthus [Cephalolobus], Barbilophozia, Chaetophyllopsis,Chandonanthus, Diplophyllum, Douinia, Gerhildiella, Gottschelia, Gymnocolea, Hamatostrepta, Hattoria, Isopaches, Krunodiplophyllum, Lophozia, Macrodiplophyllum, Plicanthus, Pseudocephaloziella, Scapania, Scapaniella, Schistochilopsis, Sphenolobopsis, Sphenolobus, Tetralophozia, Tritomaria
    • Leiomylia, Mylia
    • Trichotemnoma
    • Acroscyphella [=Austroscyphus], Anisostachis, Balantiopsis, Eoisotachis, Hypoisotachis, Isotachis, Neesioscyphus, Ruzanthus
    • Acrobolus, Austrolophozia, Enigmella, Geobelobryum, Lethocolea, Marsupidium, Tylimanthus
    • Blepharidophyllum, Clandarium
    • Arnella, Gongylanthus, Southbya, Stephaniella, Stephaniellidium
    • Jackiella
    • Calypogeia, Eocalypogeia, Metacalypogeia, Mnioloma
    • Delavayella, Liochlaena
    • Eremonotus, Hattoriella, Jungermannia, Leiocolia, Mesoptychia
    • Arctoscyphus, Bragginsella, Cryptocolea, Cryptocoleopsis, Cryptostipula, Diplocolea, Horikwaella, Nardia, Scaphophyllum, Solenostoma, Plectocolea
    • Geocalyx, Harpanthus, Notoscyphus, Saccogyna, Saccogynidium
    • Gyrothyra
    • Anthelia
    • Acrolophozia, Apomarsupiella, Gymnomitrion, Herzogobryum, Lophonardia, Marsupella, Nanomarsupiella, Nothogymnomitrion, Paramomitrion, Poeltia, Prasanthus