HIERARCHICAL TAXONOMY OF THE ECDYSOZOA

HIERARCHICAL TAXONOMY OF THE ECDYSOZOA (AGUINALDO ET AL. 1997)

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The taxonomic system below is modified from Brusca and Brusca (2003), Valentine (2004), and Nielsen (2001). However, there have been major changes in the relative positions of the phyla due to more recent molecular phylogenetic work (summarized in Edgecombe et al. 2011). Please see the respective phylum pages for descriptions of the higher taxa.

SCALIDOPHORA CLADE

PHYLUM KINORHYNCHA (Reinhard 1881)
- CLASS KINORHYNCHIDA
  - Cateria, Centroderes, Echinoderes, Echoinoderella, Kinorhynchus, Neocentrophyes, Pycnophyes.

PHYLUM PRIAPULIDA (Theel 1906)
- CLASS SETICORONARIA (1 ORDER)
  - Tubiluchus, Meiopriapulus.
- CLASS PRIAPULIDA (1 ORDER)
  - Acanthopriapulus, Priapulus, Halicryptus, Priapulopsis, Maccabeus.

PHYLUM LORICIFERA (Kristensen 1983)
- CLASS LORICIFERIDA
  - Armorloricus, Nanaloricus, Pliciloricus.

NEMATOIDA CLADE

PHYLUM NEMATOMORPHA (Vejdovsky 1886)
- CLASS NEMATOMORPHIDA (2 ORDERS)
  - Chordotes, Gordius, Paragordius, Nectonema.

PHYLUM NEMATODA (Diesing 1861)
- CLASS ADENOPHOREA (APHASMIDA; 12 ORDERS)
  - Desmodora, Dioctophyme, Monhystera, Enoplus, Strongyloides, Trichinella, Trichuris.
- CLASS SECERNENTEA (PHASMIDA; 8 ORDERS)
  - Ancylostoma, Necator, Ascaris, Gnathostoma, Dracunculus, Filaria, Camallanus, Wuchereria.

PANARTHROPOD CLADE

PHYLUM ARTHROPODA (Latrielle 1829)
- SUBPHYLUM CHELICERIFORMES (Schram and Hedgepeth 1978)
  - CLASS CHELICERATA
    - SUBCLASS MEROSTOMATA (2 ORDERS; 1 EXTANT ORDER)
      - Limulus, Carcinoscorpius, Tachypleus.
      - Eurypterus, Pterygotus.
    - SUBCLASS ARACHNIDA (11 ORDERS)
      - Aponomma, Argas, Boophilus, Dermacentor, Ixodes, Ornithodorus, Zeroseius, Demodex, Halotydeus, Penthaleus, Scirus, Tydeus, Acanthophrynus, Damon, Heterophrynus, Stegophrynus, Tarantula, Hepathela, Liphistius, Cyclocosmia, Ummidia, Atypus, Acanthoscurria, Aphonopelma, Diplura, Loxosceles, Argyrodes, Episinus, Latrodectus, Ulesanus, Hyptiotes, Nephila, Uloborus, Araneus, Argiope, Cyrtophora, Mastophora, Pasilobus, Zygiella, Dolichognatha, Eucta, Leucauge, Meta, Pachygnatha, Clubiona, Erigone, Dicymbium, Linyphia, Agelena, Coelotes, Argyroneta, Lycosa, Pardosa, Pirata, Dolomedes, Pisaura, Oxyopes, Thomisus, Xysticus, Heteropoda, Portia, Salticus, Dinopis, Scytodes, Caddo, Leiobunum, Trogulus, Allokoenenia, Eukoeninia, Koeninia, Leptokoeninia, Prokoeninia, Chelifer, Chitrella, Chthonius, Dinocheirus, Garypus, Menthus, Pseudogarypus, Cryptocellus, Pseudocellus, Ricinoides, Agastoschizomus, Megaschizomus, Nyctalops, Protoschizomus, Schizomus, Androctonus, Bothriurus, Buthus, Centuroides, Chaerilus, Diplocentrus, Hadrurus, Hemiscorpion, Nebo, Parabuthus, Paruroctonus, Tityus, Vaejovis, Biton, Branchia, Dinorhax, Galeodes, Solpuga, Abaliella, Chajnus, Mastigoproctus, Charinus, Thelyphonus, Miranda, Latrodectus, Eremobates, Galeodes, Phalangium, Leioburnum, Trombicula.
  - CLASS PYCNOGONIDA (1 ORDER)
    - Acheilia, Ascorhynchus, Austrodecus, Colossendeis, Delcopoda, Nymphon, Nymphopsis, Pycnogonum, Tanystylum.
- SUBPHYLUM CRUSTACEA (Brünnich 1772)
  - CLASS REMIPEDIA (1 ORDER)
    - Cryptocorynectes, Godzillus, Lasionectes, Pleomothra, Speleonectes.
  - CLASS CEPHALOCARDIA (1 ORDER)
    - Hampsonellus, Hutchinsoniella, Lightiella, Sandersiella.
  - CLASS BRANCHIOPODA (3 ORDERS)
    - Artemia, Brancionecta, Branchiella, Streptocephalus, Eubranchipus, Triops, Lepidurus, Lynceus, Cyzicus, Eulimnadia, Imnadia, Metalimnadia, Cyclestheria, Anchistropus, Daphnia, Moina, Polyphemus, Leptodora, Bosmina, Chydorus.
  - CLASS MALACOSTRACA
    - SUBCLASS PHYLLOCARDIA (1 ORDER)
      - Dahlella, Levinebalia, Nebalia, Nebaliella, Nebaliopsis, Paranebalia.
    - SUBCLASS EUMALACOSTRACA (13 ORDERS IN 4 SUPERORDERS)
      - Anaspides, Paranaspides, Koonunga, Bathynella, Thermobathynella
      - Thermosbaena, Monodella, Spelaeogriphus, Mysis, Neomysis, Gnathophausia, Cumopsis, Leptocuma, Diastylis, Cyclaspis, Aspeudes, Sphyrapus, Tanais, Heterotanais, Oniscus, Porcellio, Armadillidium, Ligyda, Asellus, Idotea, Arcturus, Gnathia, Cymnothoa, Bathynomus, Ione, Liriopsis, Phreatoicus, Gammarus, Hyallela, Orchestia, Caliopius, Siphonectes, Hyperia, Caprella, Ingolfiella.
      - Euphausia, Meganyctiphanes, Nyctiphanes, Lucifer,Penaeus, Crangon, Heterocarpus, Stenopus, Callianidea, Callianassa, Polyonyx, Callinectes, Uca, Neopanopeus, Cambarus, Cambarellus, Homarus, Clibanarius, Emerita, Sesarma.
      - Squilla, Echinosquilla, Gonodactylus, Hemisquilla, Lysiosquilla, Pseudosquilla, Coronida, Odontodactylus.
  - CLASS MAXILLOPODA
    - SUBCLASS THECOCOSTRACA (CIRRIPEDIA) (4 ORDERS)
      - Conchoderma, Lepas, Balanus, Mitella, Tripetesa, Baccalaureus, Dendrogaster, Ascothorax, Laura, Sacculina, Synagoga, Zoanthoecus, Briarsaccus, Loxothylacus, Hansenocaris, Cryptophialis, Typetesa, Heterosaccus, Lernaeodiscus, Mycetomorpha, Peltogaster, Sylon, Chthamalus, Coronula, Pollicipes, Tetraclita, Verruca,
    - SUBCLASS TANTULOCARDIA (1 ORDER)
      - Basipodella, Doeterthron, Microdajus.
    - SUBCLASS BRANCHIURA (1 ORDER)
      - Argulus, Chonopeltis, Dipteropeltis, Dolops.
    - SUBCLASS PENTASTOMIDA (See PHYLUM PENTASTOMA)
    - SUBCLASS MYSTACOCARDIA (1 ORDER)
      - Ctenocheilocaris, Derocheilocaris.
    - SUBCLASS COPEPODA (10 ORDERS IN 2 INFRACLASSES)
      - Antrisocopia, Platycopia.
      - Calanus, Diaptomus, Eucalanus, Euchaeta, Metridia, Calocalanus, Cyclops, Eucyclops, Lernaea, Mesocyclops, Metacyclops, Notodelphis, Gelyella, Harpacticus, Elaphoidella, Epactophanes, Longipedia, Monstrilla, Peltidium, Porcellidium, Psammus, Sunaristes, Tisbe, Boxshallia, Misophrya, Monstrilla, Stilloma, Mormonilla, Chondracanthus, Erebonaster, Ergasillus, Pseudanthessius, Clavella, Nemesis, Pontoeciella, Trebius, Acidicola, Notodelphys, Doropygus, Penella, Lepeophtherius, Samnicola, Branchiella.
    - SUBCLASS OSTRACODA (5 ORDERS IN 2 SUPERORDERS)
      - Cypridina, Euphyllomedes, Eusarsiella, Pyrocypris, Gigantocypris, Skogsbergia, Vargula, Conchoecia, Polycope.
      - Cypris, Candona, Celtia, Darwinula, Limnocythre, Cytherella, Sclerocypris, Manawa, Bairdia, Bythocypris.
    - SUBCLASS PENTASTOMATIDA (2 ORDERS)
      - Pentastomum, Reighardia, Cephalobaena, Porocephalus, Armillifer, Linguatula, Waddycephalus.
- SUBPHYLUM HEXAPODA (Latrielle 1825)
  - CLASS ELLIPURA (2 ORDERS)
    - Entomobrya, Achorutes.
    - Acerentulus.
  - CLASS DIPLURATA (1 ORDER)
    - Campodea, Japyx.
  - CLASS INSECTA
    - SUBCLASS ARCHAEOGNATHA (1 ORDER)
    - SUBCLASS ZYGOENTOMA (1 ORDER)
      - Lepisma, Thermobia.
    - SUBCLASS PTERYGOTA (30 ORDERS)
      - Gryllus, Anisomorpha, Periplaneta, Stagomomantis, Tetrix, Microcentrum, Gryllotalpa, Forficula, Perla, Pteronarcys, Reticulotermes, Kalotermes, Macrotermes, Embia, Pararhagadochir, Gynembia, Gomphus, Anax, Libellula, Lestes, Agrion, Argia, Ephemera, Hexagenia, Potamanthus, Baetis, Menopon, Goniodes, Trichodectes, Pediculus, Phthirius, Psocus, Psocathropos, Trogium, Atropos, Hercothrips, Heliothrips, Thrips, Zorotypus, Leptocoris, Murgantia, Pangaeus, Eurygaster, Nezara, Anasa, Blissus, Corythucha, Phymata, Arilus, Nabis, Cimex, Orius, Lygus, Halticus, Gerris, Gelastocoris Ranatra, Lethocerus, Notonecta, Arctocorixa, Scolops, Magicicada, Ceresa, Aphrophora, Graphocephala, Oncometopia, Paratrioza, Trialeurodes, Myzus, Pseudococcus, Icerya, Lepidosaphes.
      - Panorpa, Bittacus, Hydropsyche, Helicopsyche, Rhyacophila, Goera, Corydalus, Chrysopa, Myrmeleon, Coleophora, Tinea, Tineola, Plutella, Sanninoidea, Gnorimoschema, Carpocapsa, Polychrosis, Archips, Pyrausta, Loxostege, Hypsopygia, Crambus, Diatraea, Plodia, Thridopteryx, Estigmene, Hyphantria, Catocala, Trichoplusia, Agrotis, Heliothis, Datana, Hemerocampa, Protoparce, Alsophila, Synchlora, Malacosoma, Samia, Tropaea, Proteides, Polites, Iphiclides, Colias, Danaus, Minois, Vanessa, Phycoides, Lycaenopsis, Lycaena, Atlides, Cicendela, Calosoma, Harpalus, Dytiscus, Dineutes, Hydrophilus, Silpha, Paederus, Hister, Calopteron, Photinus, Chauliognathus, Enoclerus, Agriotes, Chrysobothris, Dermestes, Adalia, Mordellistena, Epicauta, Alobates, Tribolium, Lyctus, Amphicerus, Ptinus, Canthon, Phyllophaga, Popilius, Pseudoleucanus, Saperda, Leptinotarsa, Altica, Callosobruchus, Cylas, Pulex, Ctenocephalides, Xenosylla, Tipula, Aedes, Simulium, Tendipes, Phytophaga, Stratiomys, Tabanus, Chrysops Rhagio, Bombylius, Asilus, Diploneura, Drosophila, Liriomyza, Musca, Oestrus, Sarcophaga, Xenos, Stylops, Caliroa, Tremex, Megarhyssa, Macrocentrus, Torymus, Harmolita, Trichogramma, Scelio, Pelecinus, Formica, Campototus, Pepsis, Polistes, Bembix, Colletes, Halictus, Bombus, Apis.
- SUBPHYLUM MYRIAPODA (Latrielle 1802)
  - CLASS DIPLOPODA (10 ORDERS IN 2 SUBCLASSES)
    - Polyxenus, Glomeridesmus, Glomeris, Platydesmus, Striaria, Polydesmus, Julus, Spirobolus.
  - CLASS PAUROPODA (1 ORDER)
    - Pauropus.
  - CLASS CHILOPODA (5 ORDERS IN 2 SUBCLASSES)
    - Scutigera, Lithobius, Geophilus, Scolopendra.
  - CLASS SYMPHYLA (1 ORDER)
    - Scutigerella.
- SUBPHYLUM TRILOBITOMORPHA (Moore 1959)
  - CLASS TRILOBITA (9 ORDERS)
    - Olenellus, Bristolia, Gabriellus, Peachella, Callavia, Fallotaspis, Balcoracania, Richterops, Emuella, Redlichia, Eops, Paradoxides, Anopolenus.
    - Agnostus, Pagetia, Condylopyge, Ekwipagetia, Peronopsis, Lejopyge, Pleuroctenium, Dawsonia, Tsunydiscus.
    - Polypleuaspis, Dorypyge, Fieldaspis, Bumastus, Scutellum, Mansuyia, Dysplanus, Bathyuriscus, Zacanthroides, Lancastria, Oryctocephalus, Thoracocare, Kolihapeltis, Harpillaenus, Szechuanella.
    - Arctinurus, Dicranopeltis, Kettneraspis, Damesella, Selenopeltis, Boedaspis, Miraspis, Dicranurus, Stelckaspis, Drepanura, Palaeadotes.
    - Modocia, Elrathia, Ellipsocephalus, Tricrepicephalus, Olenus, Densonella, Asaphiscus, Conocoryphe, Cedaria, Peltura, Triarthrus, Leptoplastus, Balnibarbi.
    - Harpes, Entomaspis, Dolichoharpes, Harpides, Eoharpes.
    - Phacops, Calymene, Cheiurus, Reedops, Dalmanites, Rhenops, Comura, Trimerus, Huntonia, Acastes, Comura, Philonyx, Odontochile, Odontocephalus, Bavarilla, Parahomalonotus, Placoparia, Deiphon.
    - Isotelus, Housia, Asaphus, Cyclopyge, Cryptolithus, Dikelokephalus, Remopleurides, Lachnostoma, Pterocephalia, Ogygiocaris, Dikelokephalina, Saukia, Opipeuter, Robergia, Novakella, Nileus, Pricyclopyge, Neoasaphus, Ogygiocaris, Labiostria, Ampyx, Taklamakania, Glyphaspis, Seleneceme.
    - Comuproteus, Cyphoproteus, Aulacopleura, Goniotelus, Phillipsia, Otarion, Bathyurus, Gerastos, Phaetonellus, Telephinus, Carolinites, Uromystrum, Cordania, Brachymetopus.

PHYLUM ONYCHOPHORA (Grube 1853)
- CLASS ONYCHOPHORIDA (1 ORDER)
  - Peripatus, Peripatoides, Eoperipatus, Opisthopatus, Paraperipatus, Peripatopsis, Ooperipatus, Speleoperipatus.

PHYLUM TARDIGRADA (Spallanzani 1777)
- CLASS TARDIGRADIDA (3 ORDERS)
  - Archechiniscus, Batillipes, Echinoscoides, Echiniscus, Hypisibius, Macrobiotus, Milnesium, Pseudoechiniscus, Thermozodium.

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By Jack R. Holt. Last revised: 02/04/2012

HIERARCHICAL TAXONOMY OF THE ECDYSOZOA (AGUINALDO ET AL. 1997)

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