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SUBKINGDOM DIKARYA

SUBKINGDOM DIKARYA

This subkingdom includes the common fungi. Mostly thalloid in form and delineated by the production of particular sexual spores, these three phyla are well-defined. This system for the Zygomycota is an adaptation of Hudson (1984) and Alexopoulos and Mims (1979, 1995) and generally follows the system of Adl et al. (2005). The system of the Ascomycota is after Ericksson (2000) and that of the Basidiomycota after Knudsen (1995).

PHYLUM ASCOMYCOTA

  • SUBPHYLUM TAPHRINOMYCOTINA = CLASS ARCHIASCOMYCETES
    • CLASS NEOLECTOMYCETES
      • ORDER NEOLECTIALES
        • Neolecta
    • CLASS PNEUMOCYSTIDOMYCETES
      • ORDER PNEUMOCYSTIALES
        • Pneumocystis
    • CLASS SCHIZOSACCHAROMYCETES = OCTOSPOROMYCES
      • ORDER SCHIZOSACCHARIALES
        • Schizosaccharomyces
    • CLASS TAPHRINOMYCETES
      • ORDER TAPHRINALES)
        • Taphrina, Protomycetes.
  • SUBPHYLUM SACCHAROMYCOTINA = HEMIASCOMYCETES
    • CLASS SACCHAROMYCETES
      • ORDER SACCHAROMYCETALES = ENDOMYCETALES
        • Saccharomyces, Dipoascus.
  • SUBPHYLUM PEZIZOMYCOTINA
    • CLASS ARTHRONIOMYCETES
      • ORDER ARTHRONIALES
        • Arthonia, Chrysothrix, Melaspilea, Roccella, Arthrophacopsis.
    • CLASS CHAETOTHYRIOMYCETES
      • ORDER CHAETOTHYRIALES
        • Chaetothyrium, Capronia, Adelococcus, Verrucaria.
    • CLASS DOTHIDIOMYCETES
      • ORDER CAPNODIALES
        • Capnodaria, Capnodium, Achaetobotrys, Antennulariella, Coccodinium, Metacapnodium.
      • ORDER DOTHIDIALES
        • Dothidea, [Mycosphaerella, Guignardia both incertae sedis].
      • ORDER HYSTERIALES
        • Hysterium.
      • ORDER MYRIANGIALES
        • Myrangium, Elsinoe.
      • ORDER PATELLARIALES
        • Asci in apothecia.
        • Patellaria
      • ORDER PLEOSPORALES
        • Venturia, Delitschia, Leptosphaeria, Lophiostoma, Melanomma, Montagnula, Phaeosphaeria, Phaeotrichum, Pleospora, Sporormia, Teichospora.
    • CLASS EUROTIOMYCETES
      • ORDER EUROTIALES
        • Eurotium, Eupenicillium.
      • ORDER ONYGENIALES
        • Gymnoascus, Eremascus, Onygena, Ascosphaera, Arthroderma
    • CLASS LECANOROMYCETES
      • ORDER AGYRIALES
        • Agyrium, Lithographa, Anamylopsora, Elixia.
      • ORDER GYALECTALES
        • Coenogonium, Gyalecta.
      • ORDER LECANORALES
        • Acarospora, Hymenelia, Anzia, Arctomia, Anthroraphis, Biatorella, Calicium, Calycidium, Catillaria, Cetradonai, Cladonia, Coccocarpia, Collema, Crocynia, Dactylospora, Gypsoplaca, Haematomma, Arctopeltis, Lecanora, Lecidea, Loxospora, Megalaria, Macarea, Miltidea, Micoblastus, Ophioparma, Pachyascus, Pannaria, Parmelia, Physcia, Porpidia, Psora, Ramalinia, Rhizocarpon, Sphaerophorus, Stereocaulon, Lobaria, Nephroma, Peltigera, Placynthium, Fuscidea, Letrouitia, Teloschistes.
      • ORDER LICHINALES
        • Gloeoheppia, Heppia, Lichina, Peltula.
      • ORDER PERTUSARIALES
        • Megaspora, Pertusaria.
    • CLASS LEOTIOMYCETES
      • ORDER CYTTARIALES
        • Cyttaria.
      • ORDER ERISIPHALES
        • Erysiphe, Microsphaera, Uncinula.
      • ORDER HELIOTIALES (HELOTIALES)
        • Monilinia, Bulgaria, Dermea, Geoglossum, Hemiphacidium, Hyaloscypha, Leotia, Loramyces, Phacidium, Rustroemia, Sclerotinia, Vibrissea, Ascocorticium.
      • ORDER RHYTISMATALES
        • Ascodichaena, Cryptomyces, Cudonia, Rhytisma.
      • ORDER THELEBOLALES
        • Thelebolus.
    • CLASS PEZIZOMYCETES
      • ORDER PEZIZALES
        • Anthracobia, Ascolobus, Ascodesmis, Caloscypha, Carbomyces, Gyromitra, Glaziella, Helvella, Karstenella, Acervus, Pyronema, Sphaerosoma, Peziza, Morchella, Rhizinia, Sarcoscypha, Sarcosoma, Tuber.
    • CLASS SORDARIOMYCETES
      • ORDER HALOSPHAERIALES
        • Halosphaeria.
      • ORDER HYPOCREALES
        • Bionectria, Melanospora, Claviceps, Hypocrea,Nectria, Niesslia.
      • ORDER MICROASCALES
        • Chadefaudiella, Microascus.
      • ORDER BOLINIALES
        • Endoxyla, Catabotrys.
      • ORDER DIAPORTHALES
        • Melanoconis, Valsa.
      • ORDER OPHIOSTOMATALES
        • Kathistes, Ophiostoma.
      • ORDER SORDARIALES
        • Annulatascus, Batistia, Cephalotheca, Chaetomium, Chaetosphaeria, Coniochaeta, Helminthosphaeria, Lasiosphaeria, Nitschkia, Neurospora, Sordaria.
      • ORDER XYLARIALES
        • Amphisphaerella, Clypeosphaerella, Diatrype, Graphostroma, Hyponectria, Xylaria.
    • CLASS LABOULBENIOMYCETES
      • ORDER LABOULBENIALES
        • Laboulbenia.

PHYLUM BASIDIOMYCOTA

  • SUBPHYLUM UREDINIOMYCOTINA = TELIOMYCOTINA
    • CLASS UREDINIOMYCETES = TELIOMYCETES
      • ORDER UREDINALES
        • Coelosporium, Cronartium, Uredinopsis, Endophyllum, Gymnosporangium, Puccinia.
      • ORDER PLATYGLOEALES
        • Eocronartium, Helicobasidium.
      • ORDER ATTRACTIELLALES
        • Phleogena.
      • ORDER SEPTOBASIDIALES
        • Septobasidium.
      • ORDER EXOBASIDIALES
        • Exobasidium.
  • SUBPHYLUM USTILAGOMYCOTINA
    • CLASS USTILAGOMYCETES
      • ORDER USTILAGINALES
        • Anthracoidea, Schizonella, Ustilago.
      • ORDER TILLETIALES
        • Entorrhiza, Schroeteria, Urocystis.
  • SUBPHYLUM BASIDIOMYCOTINA
    • CLASS HETEROBASIDIOMYCETES
      • ORDER CERATOBASIDIALES
        • Ceratobasidium, Sebacinella.
      • ORDER TULLASNELLALES
        • Tulasnella.
      • ORDER DACRYOMYCETALES
        • Calocera, Dacryomyces.
      • ORDER AURICULARIALES
        • Auricularia, Basidiodendron, Exidiopsis, Aporpium, Sebacina, Tremellodendropsis..
      • ORDER TREMELLALES
        • Tremella, Carcinomyces, Syzygospora, Filobasidium.
    • CLASS HOMOBASIDIOMYCETES
      • ORDER GOMPHALES
        • Clavariadelphus, Gomphus, Ramaria.
      • ORDER PHALLALES
        • Clathrus, Hysterangium, Phallus.
      • ORDER GEASTRALES
        • Geastrum.
      • ORDER CANTHARELLALES
        • Clavaria, Multiclavula, Clavulinum, Cantharellus, Hydnum.
      • ORDER BOTRYOBASIDIALES
        • Botryobasidium, Gloeophyllum.
      • ORDER HERICIALES
        • Auriscalpium, Clavicorona, Lentinellus, Hericium
      • ORDER GLOEOCYSTIDIALES
        • examples: Gloeocystidiellum, Aleurodiscus, Stereum, Peniophora, Scytinostroma, Heterobasidion, Russula.
      • ORDER HYPHODERMATALES
        • Basidioradulum, Hyphoderma, Cystosterium, Hyphodontia, Hyphodontiella, Irpex, Steccherinum.
      • ORDER HYMENOCHAETALES
        • Coltricia, Inonotus, Phellinus, Trichaptum.
      • ORDER PHAEOLALES
        • Laetiporus, Phaeolus, Antrodia, Sparassis.
      • ORDER FOMITOPSIDALES
        • Daedalea, Fomitopsis, Trametes, Fomes, Polyporus, Ganoderma, Lentinus.
      • ORDER BJERKANDERALES
        • Bjerkandera, Phanerochaete, Ceriporia, Phlebia, Meripilus, Panus, Albatrellus.
      • ORDER LACHNOCLADIALES
        • Oxyporus.
      • ORDER THELEPHORALES
        • Hydnellum, Thelephora.
      • ORDER BOLETALES
        • Boletus, Boletinus, Paxillus, Scleroderma.
      • ORDER TRICHOLOMATALES
        • Armillaria, Arrhenia, Clitocybe, Gerronema, Hygrocybe, Mycena, Omphalina, Rickenella.
      • ORDER CORTINARIALES
        • Cortinarius, Hymenogaster, Pluteus, Amanita.
      • ORDER STROPHARIALES
        • Stropharia, Panellus, Typhula.
      • ORDER POLYPORALES
        • Phyllotopsis, Pleurotus.
      • ORDER SCHIZOPHYLLALES
        • Schizophyllum, Fistulina.
      • ORDER AGARICALES
        • Agaricus, Lepiota, Coprinus, Calvatia, Lycoperdon, Tulostoma.
      • ORDER NIDULARIALES
        • Crucibulum, Cyathus, Nidularia, Sphaerobolus.
By Jack R. Holt. Last revised: 04/09/2012
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