SYNOPTIC DESCRIPTION OF THE PHYLUM PARABASALA (HONIGBERG 1973)
| EUKARYA> EXCAVATA> EUEXCAVATA> PARABASALA |
PARABASALA LINKS
| TAXONOMY OF THE PHYLUM PARABASALA. This system is a modification of Cavalier-Smith (2003a and 2003b). Details are informed by many earlier works including Grell (1973), Kudo (1966), Lee et al. (1985), and Margulis et al. (1990). |
CLASS TRICHOMONADEA
One to many karyomastigonts, usually of 4-6 flagella, one turned back as a recurrent flagellum and often attached to the cell surface to form an undulating membrane, other flagella free; flagellar bases of each karyomastigont associated with 2 microtubular organelles, a short pelta and a longer, noncontractile axostyle (which often ensheathes the nucleus), as well as with the filamentous parabasal fiber and other structures; mostly parasitic and endosymbionts in animals. This class has three orders.
- ORDER TRICHOMONADIDA
- Usually with 4 flagella. Recurrent flagellum forms undulating membrane.
- Trichomonas, Monocercomonas, Tricercomitus, Histomonas, Dientamoeba, Hexamastix, Chilomitus, Hypotrichomonas, Trichomitus, Tetratrichomonas, Pentatrichomonas, Tritrichomonas, Trichomitopsis, Pseudotrypanosoma, Pentatrichomonoides, Devescovina, Foaina, Gigantomonas, Kirbynia, Coronympha, Metacoronympha, Calonympha.
- ORDER LOPHOMONADIDA
- Multiple karyomastigonts, usually in a ring around the anterior end of the cell.
- Lophomonas, Joenia, Joenoides, Joenina, Joenopsis, Prolophomonas, Microjoena, Rhizonympha, Barbulanympha, Rhynchonympha, Urinympha, Hoplonympha, Staurojoena, Idionympha.
- ORDER SPIROTRICHONYMPHIDA
- Multiple karyomastigonts in anterior ring and in a spiral down the length of the cell.
- Spirotrichonympha, Spirotrichonympha, Spirotrichosoma, Macrospironympha, Leptospironympha, Holomastigoides, Rostronympha, Spirotrichonymphella.
CLASS TRICHONYMPHEA
Cells with complex flagellated rostrum that terminates in a mobile cap. The class has a single order: TRICHONYMPHIDA.
- Trichonympha, Koruga, Deltotrichonympha, Eucomonympha, Pseudotrichonympha, Teratonympha.
| LITERATURE CITED Baldauf, S. L. 2003a. The deep roots of eukaryotes. Science. 300 (5626): 1701-1703. Brugerolle, G., and J. P. Mignot. 1990. Retortamonadida. In: Margulis, L., J. O. Corliss, M. Melkonian, and D. J. Chapman, eds. 1990. Handbook of the Protoctista; the Structure, Cultivation, Habits and Life Histories of the Eukaryotic Microorganisms and Their Descendants Exclusive of Animals, Plants and Fungi. Jones and Bartlett Publishers. Boston. pp. 259-265. Cavalier-Smith, T. 2003a. Protist phylogeny and the high-level classification of Protozoa. European Journal of Protistology. 39:338-348. Cavalier-Smith, T. 2003b. The excavate protozoan phyla Metamonada Grasse emend. (Anaeromonadea, Parabasalia, Carpediemonas, Eopharyngia) and Loukozoa emend. (Jakobea, Malawimonas): their evolutionary affinities and new higher taxa. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology. 53:1741-1758. Dyer, B. D. 1990c. Parabasalia. In: Margulis, L., J. O. Corliss, M. Melkonian, and D. J. Chapman, eds. 1990. Handbook of the Protoctista; the Structure, Cultivation, Habits and Life Histories of the Eukaryotic Microorganisms and Their Descendants Exclusive of Animals, Plants and Fungi. Jones and Bartlett Publishers. Boston. pp. 252-258. Grell, K. G. 1973. Protozoology. Springer-Verlag. New York. Kudo, R.R. 1966. Protozoology. 5th ed. Charles C. Thomas Publisher. Springfield. Lee, J. J. 1985. Order Retortamonadida. In: Lee, J.J., S.H. Hunter, and E.C. Bovee, eds. An Illustrated Guide to the Protozoa. Allen Press. Lawrence , Kansas. pp. 118-119. Margulis, L. and K. Schwartz. 1988. Five kingdoms, an illustrated guide to the phyla of life on earth. 2nd Edition. W.H. Freeman and Co. New York. Margulis, L. and K. Schwartz. 1998. Five kingdoms, an illustrated guide to the phyla of life on earth. 3rd Edition. W. H. Freeman and Company. New York. Margulis, L., J. O. Corliss, M. Melkonian, and D. J. Chapman, eds. 1990. Handbook of the Protoctista; the structure, cultivation, habits and life histories of the eukaryotic microorganisms and their descendants exclusive of animals, plants and fungi. Jones and Bartlett Publishers. Boston. Patterson, D. J. 1999. The diversity of eukaryotes. American Naturalist. 154 (Suppl.): S96–S124., Simpson, A. G. B. 2003. Cytoskeletal organization, phylogenetic affinities and systematics in the contentious taxon Excavata (Eukaryota). International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology. 53: 1759-1777. Sleigh, M.A., J.D. Dodge and D.J. Patterson. 1984. Kingdom Protista. In: Barnes, R.K.S., ed. A Synoptic Classification of Living Organisms. Sinauer Associates, Inc. Sunderland, Mass. Taylor, F.J.R. 1976. Flagellate Phylogeny: A Study in Conflicts. J. Protozool. 23: 28-40. [C,L] Taylor, F. J. R. 1999. Ultrastructure as a control for protistan molecular phylogeny. The American Naturalist. 154(supplement): S125-S136. Tudge, C. 2000. The Variety of Life, A Survey and a Celebration of all the Creatures That Have Ever Lived. Oxford University Press. New York. [C,L] Vickerman, K. 1990a. Diplomonadida. In: Margulis, L., J. O. Corliss, M. Melkonian, and D. J. Chapman, eds. 1990. Handbook of the Protoctista; the structure, cultivation, habits and life histories of the eukaryotic microorganisms and their descendants exclusive of animals, plants and fungi. Jones and Bartlett Publishers. Boston. pp. 200-210. |
| By Jack R. Holt. Last revised: 02/12/2012 |
