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TAXONOMY OF THE KINGDOM RHODOPHYTAE

TAXONOMY OF THE KINGDOM RHODOPHYTAE

EUKARYA> ARCHAEPLASTIDA> RHODOPLANTAE
RHODOPHYTAE LINK

This is a taxonomy of the Kingdom Rhodophytae. In general this follows the system of Saunders and Hommersand (2004) in which the group has two phyla, Rhodophyta and Cyanidiophyta. I have added the Glaucophyta as a group incertae sedis.

TAXONENDING
PHYLUM-OPHYTA
CLASS-PHYCEAE
ORDER-ALES

PHYLUM RHODOPHYTA

  • SUBPHYLUM RHODELLOPHYTINA
    • CLASS RHODELLOPHYCEAE
      • ORDER RHODELLIALES (Called Porphyridiales 1 in Saunders and Hommersand, 2004).
        • Rhodella, Dixoniella, Glaucosphaera.
      • ORDER STYLONEMATALES (Called Porphyridiales 2 in Saunders and Hommersand, 2004).
        • Stylonema, Bangiopsis, Chroodactylon, Chroothece, Goniotrichopsis, Rhodosorus.
      • ORDER PORPHYRIDIALES (Called Porphyridiales 3 in Saunders and Hommersand, 2004).
        • Porphyridium, Flintiella.
  • SUBPHYLUM METARHODOPHYTINA
    • CLASS COMSPOPOGONOPHYCEAE
      • ORDER COMPSOPOGONALES
        • Compsopogon, Compsopogonopsis, Boldia [BOLDIACEAE; COMPSOPOGONACEAE].
      • ORDER ERTHROPELTIDALES
        • Erythrotrichopeltis, Smithora, Erythrotrichia, Erythrocladia, Erythropeltis, Erythrotrichia, Porphyropsis. [ERYTHROTRICHIACEAE].
      • ORDER RHODOCHAETALES
        • Rhodochaete. [RHODOCHAETACEAE].
  • SUBPHYLUM EURHOPHYTINA
    • CLASS BANGIOPHYCEAE
      • ORDER BANGIALES
        • Bangia, Porphyra, Porphyrella.
    • CLASS FLORIDEOPHYCEAE
      • SUBCLASS HILDENBRANDIOPHYCIDAE
        • ORDER HILDENBRANDIALES
          • Hildenbrandia.
      • SUBCLASS NEMALIOPHYCIDAE
        • ORDER NEMALIALES
          • Nemalion, Liagora, Pseudogloiophloea, Galaxaura, Kylinia, Cumagloia.
        • ORDER ACROCHAETIALES
          • Acrochaetium, Audouinella, Rhodochorton, Yamadaella.
        • ORDER BALBIANIALES
          • Balbiana.
        • ORDER BALLIALES
          • Ballia.
        • ORDER BATRACHOSPERMALES
          • Batrachospermum, Lemanea, Sirodotia.
        • ORDER COLACONEMATALES
          • Colaconema.
        • ORDER CORALLINALES
          • Corallina, Bossiella, Calliathron, Choreonema, Jania, Lithoporella, Lithothamnium, Lithothrix, Phymatolithon, Porolithon, Sporolithon, Kvaleya, Amphiroa, Melobesia, Clathromorphum.
        • ORDER PALMERIALES
          • Palmaria, Halosaccion, Rhodophysema. Camontagnea.
        • ORDER RHODOGORGONALES
          • Rhodogorgon, Renouxia.
        • ORDER THOREALES
          • Thorea.
      • SUBCLASS AHNFELDTOPHYCIDAE
        • ORDER AHNFELTIALES
          • Ahnfeltia, Gymnogongrus, Phyllophora, Stenogramme.
        • ORDER PIHIELLALES
          • Pihiella.
      • SUBCLASS RHODYMENIOPHYCIDAE
        • ORDER RHODYMENIALES
          • Rhodymenia, Botryocladia, Chrysymenia, Coelarthrum, Coelothrix, Fauchia, Halosaccion, Champia, Chylocladia, Coeloseira, Gasstroclonium, Lomentaria.
        • ORDER BONNEMAISONIALES
          • Asparagopsis, Bonnemaisonia, Delisia, Ptilonia.
        • ORDER CERAMIALES
          • Ceramium, Aristothamnion, Bornetia, Compsothamnion, Corynospora, Crouania, Dohrniella, Ptilota, Griffithsia, Pleonosporium, Plumaria, Ptilothamniopsis, Seirospora, Spermothamnion, Tiffaniella, Callithamnion, Antithamnion, Bostrychia, Chondria, Colacopsis, Lenormandia, Heterosiphonia, Dasya, Platysiphonia, Membranoptera, Delesseria, Caloglossa, Phycodrys, Polyneura, Polysiphonia, Petrosiphonia, Amplisiphonia, Rhodomela, Rytiphlaea, Vidalia, Laurencia, Cryptopleura, Hemineura, Hypoglossum, Martensia, Nitophyllum, Rhodoptilum.
        • ORDER GELIDIALES
          • Gelidium, Pterocladia, Suhria.
        • ORDER GIGARTINALES
          • Gigartina, Acrosymphyton, Dumontia, Mastocarpus, Chondrus, Iridaea, Phyllophora, Gymnogongrus, Cruoria, Cruoriopsis, Pterocoelis, Bertholdia, Furcellaria, Halarachnion, Neurocaulon, Rhodophyllis, Cystoclonium, Calliblepharis, Polyides, Besa, Neoardhiella, Opuntiella, Euchemia, Gracilaria, Gracilariophila.
        • ORDER GRACILARIALES
          • Gracilaria, Gracilariopsis, Gracilariophila, Hydropuntia.
        • ORDER HALYMENIALES
          • Cryptonemia, Grateloupia, Halymenia, Lobocolax, Pachymeniopsis, Prionitis, Sebdenia.
        • ORDER NEMASTOMATALES
          • Nemastoma, Platoma, Schizymenia.
        • ORDER PLOCAMIALES
          • Pliocamium, Pseudoanemonia, Sarcodia.
        • ORDER RHODYMENIALES
          • Champia, Fauchea, Lomentaria, Rhodymenia.

PHYLUM CYANIDIOPHYTA

  • CLASS CYANIDIOPHYCEAE
    • ORDER CYANIDIALES
      • Cyanidium, Cyanidioschyzon, Galdieria.

INCERTAE SEDIS:

PHYLUM GLAUCOPHYTA

  • CLASS GLAUCOCYSTOPHYCEAE
    • ORDER GLAUCOSYSTIDALES
      • Glaucocystis, Cyanophora, Gloeochaete, Glaucosphaera.
LITERATURE CITED

Cavalier-Smith T. 1981 Eukaryote kingdoms: seven or nine?. BioSystems. 14: 461-461.

Cavalier-Smith, T. 1998a. A revised six-kingdom system of life. Biological Reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society. 73: 203-266.

Ciniglia, C., H. S. Yoon, A. Pollio, G. Pinto, and D. Bhattacharya. 2004. Hidden biodiversity of the extremophilic Cyanidiales red algae. Molecular Ecology. 13:1827-1838.

Doweld, A. 2001 Prosyllabus tracheophytorum. GEOS. Moscow, USSR.
Freshwater D. W., S. Fredericq, B. S. Butler, M. H. Hommersand, and M. W. Chase. 1994. A gene phylogeny of the red algae (Rhodophyta) based on plastid rbcL. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA. 91: 7281-7281.

Garbary D. J. and P. W. Gabrielson. 1990. Taxonomy and evolution. In: Cole, K.M. and R. G. Sheath, eds. Biology of the Red Algae. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK. pp. 477–498.

Gross, W., I. Heilmann, D. Lenze, and C. Schnarrenberger. 2001. Biogeography of the Cyanidiaceae (Rhodophyta) based on 18S ribosomal RNA sequence data. European Journal of Phycology. 36: 275-275.

Müller K. M., M. C. Oliveira, R. G. Sheath, and D. Bhattacharya. 2001. Ribosomal DNA phylogeny of the Bangiophycidae (Rhodophyta) and the origin of secondary plastids. American Journal of Botany. 88: 1390-1400.

Patterson, D. J. 1999. The diversity of eukaryotes. American Naturalist. 154 (Suppl.): S96–S124.

Saunders, G. W. and M. H. Hommersand. 2004. Assessing red algal supraordinal diversity and taxonomy in the context of contemporary systematic data. American Journal of Botany. 91(10): 1494-1507.

Yoon, H. S., J. D. Hackett, G. Pinto, and D. Bhattacharya. 2002b. The single, ancient origin of chromist plastids. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (USA) . 99: 15507-15507.
By Jack R. Holt. Last revised: 03/11/2009
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